CN111411283A - WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with multilayer nanocrystalline structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with multilayer nanocrystalline structure and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111411283A
CN111411283A CN202010452898.1A CN202010452898A CN111411283A CN 111411283 A CN111411283 A CN 111411283A CN 202010452898 A CN202010452898 A CN 202010452898A CN 111411283 A CN111411283 A CN 111411283A
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wcoalbnb
ball joint
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mechanical arm
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梁玉龙
程艳
杨慷
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Anyang Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with a multilayer nanocrystalline structure and a preparation method thereof.

Description

WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with multilayer nanocrystalline structure and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tribology design and a preparation method of a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with a multilayer nanocrystalline structure, belongs to an innovative research in the technical field of mechanical engineering such as mechanical arms and mechanical joints, and can replace the traditional mechanical arm ball joint material to realize good lubricating performance in extreme environments such as high temperature and high pressure.
Background
The alloy material used as the industrial mechanical arm ball joint at present has the following performance requirements: the mechanical arm has the advantages of high strength, excellent wear resistance, good compatibility, good elastoplasticity and toughness, and obvious vibration reduction effect on the mechanical arm [ Gu Yongxia, Jiang Jing Ying, Zhangling, Belgium ], characteristic comparison of 3 materials in vibration suppression of the flexible mechanical arm, machine tool and hydraulic pressure, 2019, 47(5):96-101 ]. The ball joints of robotic arms are also subject to interaction during operation by chemical media, such as lubricants, additives, organic solvents, and coolants. The ball joint material of the mechanical arm is generally made of a steel ball material, a non-ferrous metal material and a non-metallic ball joint material. "Gaoyia, Zhang Jun, Yuan Leishu", vibration analysis and structure optimization of mechanical arm of probing robot, academic newspaper of southwest science and technology university, 2018,33(03):85-90 ]. In the working process, only a thin lubricating oil film is formed between the ball joint of the mechanical arm and the ball joint, and the good friction-reducing and wear-resisting effects can be achieved. However, the mechanical arm ball joint cannot meet good fluid lubrication conditions due to working conditions and environments and some accidental factors in the actual service process, and the ball joint transmit power and energy through direct sliding between contact surfaces. The arm is when long-time the motion, and ball joint can produce huge surface temperature under huge torsion, impact, vibration and great slip friction effect, can lead to ball joint to produce too big frictional wear under power and hot combined action, can cause ball joint and ball joint permanent wearing and tearing to become invalid when serious, direct influence arm life and precision of being on service.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention provides a tribology design and a preparation method of a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with a multilayer nanocrystalline structure, and the multi-layer nanocrystalline structure composite material can realize the lubrication effect which can not be achieved by oil and grease under extreme conditions of high temperature, high pressure and the like on the premise of meeting the requirements of high strength, high hardness, excellent wear resistance, good inclusion, better elasticity and toughness and obvious vibration and impact resistance, so that the use precision and the service life of the retainer are improved, and research methods and technical guidance are provided for the tribology design and preparation of mechanical arm ball joints of aerospace, high-end manufacturing equipment and the like.
The invention relates to a tribology design and a preparation method of a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with a multilayer nanocrystalline structure, aiming at solving the problem of frictional wear of the mechanical arm ball joint under the condition of oil-free and grease-free lubrication, the adopted technical scheme can be described as follows:
a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with a multilayer nanocrystalline structure is prepared by taking a matrix WCoAlBNb, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-component composite regulator as raw materials through the process flows of layer-by-layer design, layer-by-layer proportioning, layer-by-layer preparation, overlapping forming and the like.
The specific method for preparing the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure comprises the following steps of:
a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with a multilayer nanocrystalline structure and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that: the WCoAlBNb-based multilayer nanocrystalline structure composite material for the ball joint of the mechanical arm is prepared by using a WCoAlBNb matrix, a soft metal CuSnAgZnSb matrix and a multi-component composite regulating agent as raw materials through the processes of layer-by-layer design, layer-by-layer proportioning, layer-by-layer preparation, overlapping molding and the like.
The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof in the step 1) are characterized in that: the matrix consists of W, Co, Al, B, Nb, Si, B and Y elements, and the mass ratio of the elements is (70-80): (5-15): 4-7): 3-6): 2-4): 0.32-0.46): 0.2-0.4): 0.2-0.5; the mass ratio of the elements of the soft metal CuSnAgZnSb is (30-38): (23-27): (23-28): (15-18): (7-10).
The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure in the step 1) consists of a metal substrate, a friction film transition layer, a friction film supporting layer and a friction film contact layer, and the thickness ratio of the metal substrate to the friction film transition layer to the friction film supporting layer is (45-70): (18-29): (10-12): (5-8).
The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure in the step 3) has the following characteristics that: the metal matrix is pure WCoAlBNb-based alloy; the friction film transition layer comprises WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio is (30-40): (40-50): (20-24); the friction film supporting layer comprises a WCoAlBNb matrix, CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-component composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio is (10-15): (10-13): (72-80); the friction film contact layer comprises WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the corresponding mass ratio is (3-5): (40-45): (50-57).
The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure in the step 4) has the following components in different proportions in each layer of the multi-component composite regulating agent: the multi-element composite regulating agent on the transition layer of the friction film comprises 17.6-19% of ceramic fiber, 4.4-6.3% of carbon fiber, 4.4-9.5% of tantalum carbide, 13.2-14.5% of niobium carbide, 11.4-12% of silicon carbide, 8.8-9.5% of titanium carbide, 7-9.5% of silicon nitride, 1-1.9% of carbon nano tube, 1-2.5% of graphene, 12.3-19% of multilayer plate structure and 4-19% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent on the friction film support layer comprises 13.6-14.5% of ceramic fiber, 3.4-6.4% of carbon fiber, 6.8-10% of tantalum carbide, 6.8-12% of niobium carbide, 6.8-12.1% of silicon carbide, 6.8-10.5% of titanium carbide, 13.6-15.5% of silicon nitride, 1.7-4.8% of carbon nano tube, 2.4-5.4% of graphene, 17-19% of multilayer plate structure and 6.8-21.1% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent on the contact layer of the friction film comprises 5.2-5.8% of ceramic fiber, 7.8-8.4% of carbon fiber, 2.6-3.2% of tantalum carbide, 5.1-6.4% of niobium carbide, 5-6.2% of silicon carbide, 2.6-4.8% of titanium carbide, 7.8-8.6% of silicon nitride, 1.3-2.4% of carbon nano tube, 4-5.8% of graphene, 16-54% of multilayer plate structure and 18-20% of potassium silicate whisker.
The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure in the step 1), wherein the preparation method of the multilayer plate-shaped structure in the material comprises the following steps: respectively weighing ammonium molybdate, silicon powder and cadmium powder according to the mol ratio of (3-4) to (1-2), grinding and mixing the powder materials such as ammonium molybdate and the like to obtain the original ingredient of the plate-shaped crystal which is uniformly mixed and has the thickness of 40-45 mu m; and then sintering in a vacuum atmosphere furnace at the sintering temperature of 350-470 ℃ for 4.5-6.5h, wherein the protective gas is argon, and the oxygen amount is 85-115ml/min during the sintering process, so as to obtain the multilayer platy MoSiCrO.
The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof in the step 1) are prepared by processes of preparing a multi-element plate-shaped crystal, designing and calculating friction of materials of all layers, mixing in vacuum, hot press molding, processing samples, stacking, firing, rolling and the like of the multilayer nanocrystalline structure, and the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure is obtained.
The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof in the step 7), wherein in the hot press molding process of each layer of material, according to the component proportions of claims 2, 4 and 5 and the claim 3, each layer of powder which is uniformly mixed is respectively filled into a hot press molding die to obtain the original material of a metal matrix, a friction film transition layer, a friction film supporting layer and a friction film contact layer sheet, and a sample is subjected to hot press molding to obtain a sheet with the diameter of 22-34 mm.
The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof in the step 7), and the processing process flow of the multilayer composite material is that each layer of the thin sheet prepared in the claim 8 is sequentially arranged in a graphite mould with the diameter of 24-36mm, and the discharge plasma sintering parameters are set, so that the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure is prepared.
The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof in the step 7), a rolling process is utilized to prepare a nanocrystalline structure friction film contact layer: the ceramic-based rolling body is repeatedly acted on the friction film contact layer to form the friction film with the nanocrystalline structure, the applied pressure is 3-5Mpa, the linear velocity is 1-1.5m/s, the temperature is 150 ℃, the time is 150-inch and 250min, and the grinding agent is a mixture of ultrapure water and nano-carbide. Wherein the nano carbide is 15-25% of tantalum carbide, 7-10% of niobium carbide, 20-25% of silicon carbide, 30-35% of titanium carbide and 15-20% of silicon nitride.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the lubricating material added into the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure can sweat to the surface of a contact layer of a friction film under working conditions of high temperature, high pressure and the like, so that the lubricating effect which can not be achieved by oil and grease is achieved, and the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure has the advantages of environmental friendliness, long service life, high working condition adaptability and the like;
2. the soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and the multi-component composite crystal material cooperatively lubricate, so that the tribological performance of the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint is greatly improved, the layered structure meets the requirement of the mechanical arm ball joint on the structural strength, the lubrication effect of a friction and wear part is also improved, and the material has more superior comprehensive mechanical and tribological performances compared with the traditional mechanical arm ball joint material;
3. according to the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure, the WCoAlBNb serving as a base material is used as a connecting material between layers, so that the compatibility and the bonding performance between the layers are greatly improved, the multilayer nanocrystalline structure is more compact, and the problems of high-temperature stripping, easy separation of the layers, serious frictional wear and the like of a common solid self-lubricating material are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process embodying the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of MoSiCrO powder having a multilayer plate-like structure prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a friction coefficient curve of a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with a multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a histogram of wear rate of a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with a multi-layer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an electron microscope morphology of a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure metal substrate and a tribofilm transition layer in a combined state, prepared under the conditions of example 2.
FIG. 6 is the electron probe topography of the tribological wear surface of a WCoAlBNb-based ball joint material of a mechanical arm prepared under the conditions of example 2.
FIG. 7 is a field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) appearance of a friction wear surface of a WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with a multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure, which is manufactured in embodiment 3 of the invention.
FIG. 8 shows the 3D micro-morphology of the ball joint material of the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm with the multi-layer nano-crystalline composite structure prepared in example 3 due to frictional wear.
Detailed Description
In order to better develop the present invention and verify it, the following examples are given to illustrate some of the main research contents of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The friction test conditions in the following examples were: the load is 10-20N, the speed is 0.15-0.25m/s, the time is 70min and the friction radius is 4.5-6.5 mm.
Example 1:
as shown in figure 1, the tribological design of the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure and the preparation method thereof mainly comprise the following steps:
1) respectively weighing ammonium molybdate, silicon powder and cadmium powder according to a molar ratio of 3:3:1, and grinding and mixing the ammonium molybdate powder and other powder to obtain a plate-shaped crystal original ingredient which is uniformly mixed and has a thickness of 40 mu m; and then sintering in a vacuum atmosphere furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4.5h, the protective gas is argon, and the oxygen amount is 85ml/min in the sintering process, so that the multilayer platy MoSiCrO is obtained. FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of MoSiCrO powder having a multilayer plate-like structure prepared in example 1.
2) Calculating and proportioning the multilayer platy structure MoSiCrO obtained in the step 1) with ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, tantalum carbide, niobium carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, carbon nano tube, graphene, multilayer platy structure and potassium silicate whisker, wherein the component proportion of the multi-component composite regulating agent in each layer is different. The multi-element composite regulating agent in the friction film transition layer mainly comprises 17.6% of ceramic fiber, 4.4% of carbon fiber, 4.4% of tantalum carbide, 13.2% of niobium carbide, 11.4% of silicon carbide, 8.8% of titanium carbide, 7% of silicon nitride, 1% of carbon nano tube, 1% of graphene, 12.3% of multilayer platy structure and 18.9% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent in the friction film supporting layer mainly comprises 13.6% of ceramic fiber, 3.4% of carbon fiber, 6.8% of tantalum carbide, 6.8% of niobium carbide, 6.8% of silicon carbide, 6.8% of titanium carbide, 13.6% of silicon nitride, 1.7% of carbon nano tube, 2.4% of graphene, 17% of multilayer platy structure and 21.1% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent in the friction film contact layer mainly comprises 5.2% of ceramic fiber, 7.8% of carbon fiber, 2.6% of tantalum carbide, 5.1% of niobium carbide, 5% of silicon carbide, 2.6% of titanium carbide, 7.8% of silicon nitride, 1.3% of carbon nano tube, 4% of graphene, 40.6% of multilayer platy structure and 18% of potassium silicate whisker.
3) Respectively placing the multi-layer multi-component composite regulation and control ingredients in the step 2) into a quartz tank, heating in a vacuum environment, boiling by using alcohol and evaporating in vacuum to realize uniform mixing and vacuum drying parameters, such as the vacuum degree of 3.5 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 45 ℃ and boiling time of 10min to obtain the uniformly mixed multi-component composite regulating agent of each layer, and storing by classification.
4) Weighing Ni and Cr according to the mass ratio of 70:5:4:3:2:0.32:0.2:0.2Weighing Pb, Sn, Ag, Bi and Sb raw powder according to the mass ratio of 30:23:23:15:7, respectively filling WCoAlBNb raw powder and CuSnAgZnSb raw powder into a crucible containing alcohol solution by using vacuum mixing and drying equipment, heating in a vacuum environment, boiling alcohol and evaporating in vacuum to realize uniform mixing and vacuum drying to obtain powder uniformly mixed with WCoAlBNb and CuSnAgZnSb, and carrying out vacuum mixing and drying at the vacuum degree of 2.2 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 38 deg.C, boiling time of 25 min.
5) Designing and calculating the components and the proportion of the multi-element composite regulating material obtained in the step 2) and WCoAlBNb alloy and soft metal CuSnAgZnSb in each layer structure. The metal matrix is WCoAlBNb-based alloy, the friction film transition layer is composed of WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio is 30:40: 20; the friction film supporting layer is composed of WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio of the WCoAlBNb-based alloy to the soft metal CuSnAgZnSb to the multi-element composite regulating agent is 10:10: 72; the friction film contact layer is composed of WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio of the WCoAlBNb-based alloy to the soft metal CuSnAgZnSb to the multi-element composite regulating agent is 3:40: 50.
6) Respectively carrying out vacuum evaporation mixing treatment on each layer of WCoAlBNb-based composite material powder in the step 5), wherein the vacuum degree of a friction film transition layer is 2.5 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 67 deg.C, boiling time of 7min, and vacuum degree of friction film support layer of 3.0 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 53 deg.C, boiling time of 9min, and vacuum degree of friction film contact layer of 3.5 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 45 deg.C, boiling time of 10 min.
7) And (3) filling the uniformly mixed powder layers in the step 6) into a hot-pressing forming die to respectively obtain sheet materials such as a metal matrix, a friction film transition layer and the like. Performing hot-press molding on the transitional layer of the friction film under the pressure of 17MPa and the pressing temperature of 320 ℃, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 220min each time, deflating for 2s every 15min, and repeating the operation for 7 times; performing hot-press molding on the friction membrane supporting layer, wherein the applied pressure is 15MPa, the pressing temperature is 220 ℃, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 120min each time, the air is released for 2s every 35min, and the operation is repeatedly performed for 4 times; the pressure applied by the friction film contact layer in the hot-press molding process is 20MPa, the pressing temperature is 150 ℃, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 40min each time, the air is released for 2s every 10min, and the operation is repeatedly carried out for 3 times.
8) Processing the pressed sheet obtained in the step 7) by using a sample, turning at a turning speed of 600r/min to obtain a metal sheet with each layer corresponding to the thickness and the cross-sectional area of 18 mm; the rotation speed of the grinding process is 150r/min, the peripheral burrs and flashes are cleaned by a polishing machine, the rotation speed of electrostatic spraying process equipment is 750r/min, the subsequent treatment is carried out at the temperature of 100 ℃, and finally the thin slice with the surface roughness of Ra3.2 and the diameter of 18mm is obtained
9) And (3) sequentially loading the slices with the diameter of 18mm in the step 8) into a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, and preparing the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure by using a spark plasma sintering process. The sintering temperature of the discharge plasma is 1000 ℃, the sintering pressure is 32MPa, the heat preservation time is 45min, the protective gas is argon, and the heating rate is 90 ℃/min.
10) And (3) performing rolling treatment on the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure obtained in the step (9), wherein the rolling treatment is to repeatedly act on a friction film contact layer by using a ceramic-based rolling body to form a friction film with the nanocrystalline structure, the applied pressure is 3Mpa, the linear velocity is 1m/s, the acting temperature is 150 ℃, and the acting time is 150min, so that the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure is finally obtained. The nano-carbide is 15% of tantalum carbide, 7% of niobium carbide, 25% of silicon carbide, 35% of titanium carbide and 18% of silicon nitride.
Hardness was measured by using HVS-1000 type DiVickers hardness tester in accordance with GB/T4340.1-2009, hardness of WCoAlBNb-based robotic arm ball joint of multilayer nanocrystalline structure prepared in example 2 was 4.95GPa, and relative density was 98.3%. FIG. 3 is a friction coefficient curve of WCoAlBNb-based robotic arm ball joint material of multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a histogram of wear rate of WCoAlBNb-based robotic arm ball joint material of multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, WCoAlBNb-based robotic arm ball joint material of multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in example 1 has a small friction coefficient of about 0.41, and a low wear rate of about 2.42 × 10-6mm3/Nm。This shows that the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in example 1 has excellent friction-reducing and wear-resisting properties.
Example 2
As shown in figure 1, the tribological design of the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure and the preparation method thereof mainly comprise the following steps:
1) respectively weighing ammonium molybdate, silicon powder and cadmium powder according to a molar ratio of 4:4:2, and grinding and mixing the ammonium molybdate powder and other powder to obtain a plate-shaped crystal original ingredient which is uniformly mixed and has a thickness of 45 mu m; and then sintering in a vacuum atmosphere furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 470 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6.5 hours, the protective gas is argon, oxygen is introduced in the sintering process to enhance the reaction, and the oxygen introduction amount is 115ml/min, so that the multilayer platy MoSiCrO is obtained.
2) Calculating and proportioning the multilayer platy structure MoSiCrO obtained in the step 1) with ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, tantalum carbide, niobium carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, carbon nano tube, graphene, multilayer platy structure and potassium silicate whisker, wherein the component proportion of the multi-component composite regulating agent in each layer is different. The multi-element composite regulating agent in the friction film transition layer mainly comprises 19% of ceramic fiber, 6.3% of carbon fiber, 6.8% of tantalum carbide, 14.5% of niobium carbide, 12% of silicon carbide, 9.5% of titanium carbide, 9.5% of silicon nitride, 1.9% of carbon nano tube, 2.5% of graphene, 14% of multilayer platy structure and 4% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent in the friction film supporting layer mainly comprises 14.5% of ceramic fiber, 6.4% of carbon fiber, 6.8% of tantalum carbide, 6.8% of niobium carbide, 8.6% of silicon carbide, 10.5% of titanium carbide, 15.5% of silicon nitride, 1.7% of carbon nano tube, 5.4% of graphene, 17% of multilayer platy structure and 6.8% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent in the friction film contact layer mainly comprises 5.8% of ceramic fiber, 8.4% of carbon fiber, 3.2% of tantalum carbide, 6.4% of niobium carbide, 6.2% of silicon carbide, 4.8% of titanium carbide, 8.6% of silicon nitride, 2.4% of carbon nano tube, 5.8% of graphene, 28.4% of multilayer platy structure and 20% of potassium silicate whisker.
3) Respectively placing the multi-layer multi-element composite regulation and control ingredients in the step 2) into quartz tanksHeating in vacuum environment, boiling with alcohol and vacuum evaporating to realize uniform mixing and vacuum drying with vacuum degree of 4.5 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 55 ℃ and boiling time of 15min to obtain the uniformly mixed multi-component composite regulating agent of each layer, and storing by classification.
4) Weighing original powder of Ni, Cr, Al, B, Nb, Si, Co and Y according to the mass ratio of 80:16:7:6:4:0.46:0.4:0.5, weighing original powder of Pb, Sn, Ag, Bi and Sb according to the mass ratio of 38:27:28:18:10, respectively filling the original powder of WCoAlBNb and the original powder of CuSnAgZnSb into a crucible containing alcohol solution by using vacuum mixing and drying equipment, heating in a vacuum environment, and boiling and vacuum evaporating by using alcohol to realize uniform mixing and vacuum drying so as to respectively obtain the uniformly mixed powder of WCoAlBNb and CuSnAgZnSb, wherein the vacuum mixing and drying process parameters such as the vacuum degree are 5.4 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 60 deg.C, boiling time of 40 min.
5) Designing and calculating the components and the proportion of the multi-element composite regulating material obtained in the step 2) and WCoAlBNb alloy and soft metal CuSnAgZnSb in each layer structure. The metal matrix is WCoAlBNb-based alloy, the friction film transition layer is composed of WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent in a mass ratio of 40:50: 24; the friction film supporting layer is composed of WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio of the WCoAlBNb-based alloy to the soft metal CuSnAgZnSb to the multi-element composite regulating agent is 15:13: 80; the friction film contact layer is composed of WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent in a mass ratio of 5:45: 57.
6) Respectively carrying out vacuum evaporation mixing treatment on each layer of WCoAlBNb-based composite material powder in the step 5), wherein the vacuum degree of a friction film transition layer is 3.4 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 80 deg.C, boiling time of 13min, and vacuum degree of friction film support layer of 4.1 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 68 deg.C, boiling time of 12min, and vacuum degree of friction film contact layer of 4.5 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 55 deg.C, boiling time of 15 min.
7) And (3) respectively loading the uniformly mixed powder of each layer in the step 6) into a hot-pressing forming die to respectively obtain sheet materials such as a metal matrix, a friction film transition layer and the like. Performing hot-press molding on the transitional layer of the friction film under the pressure of 19MPa and the pressing temperature of 420 ℃, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 250min each time, deflating for 3s every 20min, and repeating the operation for 9 times; performing hot-press molding on the friction membrane supporting layer, wherein the applied pressure is 17MPa, the pressing temperature is 320 ℃, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 150min each time, the air is released for 3s every 55min, and the operation is repeatedly performed for 6 times; the hot-press molding of the friction film contact layer is carried out under the pressure of 25MPa and the pressing temperature of 200 ℃, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 50min each time, the air is released for 3s every 20min, and the operation is repeatedly carried out for 5 times.
8) Processing the pressed sheet obtained in the step 7) by using a sample, turning at a turning speed of 600r/min to obtain a metal sheet with each layer corresponding to the thickness and the cross-sectional area of 28 mm; the rotating speed of the grinding process is 165r/min, the rotating speed of the polishing machine for cleaning peripheral burrs and flashes and the rotating speed of the electrostatic spraying process equipment is 900r/min, the subsequent treatment is carried out at the temperature of 100 ℃, and finally the thin slice with the surface roughness of Ra3.2 and the diameter of 28mm is obtained
9) And (3) sequentially loading the slices with the diameter of 18-28mm in the step 8) into a graphite mould with the diameter of 30mm, and preparing the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure by using a spark plasma sintering process. The sintering temperature of the discharge plasma is 1200 ℃, the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the heat preservation time is 55min, the protective gas is argon, and the heating rate is 90 ℃/min.
10) And (3) carrying out rolling treatment on the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure obtained in the step (9), wherein the rolling treatment is to repeatedly act on a friction film contact layer by using a ceramic-based rolling body to form a nanocrystalline structure friction film, the applied pressure is 4.5Mpa, the linear velocity is 1.2m/s, the acting temperature is 150 ℃, and the acting time is 200min, so that the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure is finally obtained. The nano-carbide is 20% tantalum carbide, 10% niobium carbide, 22% silicon carbide, 30% titanium carbide and 18% silicon nitride.
The hardness of the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure prepared in example 2 is 5.11GPa, and the relative density is 98.1 percent, which is measured according to GB/T4340.1-2009 by using an HVS-1000 type digital Vickers hardness tester. FIG. 5 is a WCoAlBNb-based machine prepared under the conditions of example 2FIG. 6 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of a WCoAlBNb-based robot arm ball joint material with a multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the invention, FIG. 4 is a histogram of the rate of wear of a WCoAlBNb-based robot arm ball joint material with a multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 show that the WCoAlBNb-based robot arm ball joint material with a multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in example 2 has a small coefficient of friction, a robot arm value of about 0.30, a low rate of wear of about 3.12 × 10 of about 3.12 8910-6mm3/Nm。
Example 3
As shown in figure 1, the tribological design of the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure and the preparation method thereof mainly comprise the following steps:
1) respectively weighing ammonium molybdate, silicon powder and cadmium powder according to a molar ratio of 3.5:3.5:1.5, and grinding and mixing the ammonium molybdate powder and other powder to obtain a plate-shaped crystal original ingredient which is uniformly mixed and has a thickness of 42.5 mu m; and then sintering in a vacuum atmosphere furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 370 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5.5 hours, the protective gas is argon, oxygen is introduced in the sintering process to enhance the reaction, and the oxygen introduction amount is 105ml/min, so that the multilayer platy MoSiCrO is obtained.
2) Calculating and proportioning the multilayer platy structure MoSiCrO obtained in the step 1) with ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, tantalum carbide, niobium carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, carbon nano tube, graphene, multilayer platy structure and potassium silicate whisker, wherein the component proportion of the multi-component composite regulating agent in each layer is different. The multi-element composite regulating agent in the friction film transition layer mainly comprises 18.2% of ceramic fiber, 5.2% of carbon fiber, 5% of tantalum carbide, 14% of niobium carbide, 11.7% of silicon carbide, 9% of titanium carbide, 8% of silicon nitride, 1.5% of carbon nano tube, 1.3% of graphene, 13% of multilayer platy structure and 13.1% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent in the friction film supporting layer mainly comprises 14% of ceramic fiber, 5% of carbon fiber, 8% of tantalum carbide, 9% of niobium carbide, 7.8% of silicon carbide, 9.4% of titanium carbide, 14% of silicon nitride, 4% of carbon nano tube, 4% of graphene, 18% of multilayer platy structure and 6.8% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent in the friction film contact layer mainly comprises 5.4% of ceramic fiber, 8% of carbon fiber, 3% of tantalum carbide, 5.2% of niobium carbide, 5.7% of silicon carbide, 3.6% of titanium carbide, 8.2% of silicon nitride, 2.2% of carbon nano tube, 5.2% of graphene, 34.5% of multilayer platy structure and 19% of potassium silicate whisker.
3) Respectively placing the multi-layer multi-component composite regulation and control ingredients in the step 2) into a quartz tank, heating in a vacuum environment, boiling by using alcohol and evaporating in vacuum to realize uniform mixing and vacuum drying parameters, such as the vacuum degree of 4.0 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 50 ℃, boiling time of 12min, obtaining the uniformly mixed multi-component composite regulating agent of each layer, and storing by classification.
4) Weighing original powder of Ni, Cr, Al, B, Nb, Si, Co and Y according to the mass ratio of 80:5:7:3:4:0.32:0.4:0.2, weighing original powder of Pb, Sn, Ag, Bi and Sb according to the mass ratio of 30:27:23:18:10, respectively filling the WCoAlBNb original powder and the CuSnAgZnSb original powder into a crucible containing alcohol solution by using vacuum mixing and drying equipment, heating in a vacuum environment, and using alcohol boiling and vacuum evaporation to realize uniform mixing and vacuum drying so as to respectively obtain the powder with uniform mixing of the WCoAlBNb and the CuSnAgZnSb, wherein the vacuum mixing and drying process parameters such as the vacuum degree are 3.4 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature 52 deg.C, boiling time 36 min.
5) Designing and calculating the components and the proportion of the multi-element composite regulating material obtained in the step 2) and WCoAlBNb alloy and soft metal CuSnAgZnSb in each layer structure. The metal matrix is WCoAlBNb-based alloy, the friction film transition layer is composed of WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio is 40:40: 24; the friction film supporting layer is composed of WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio of the components is 15:13: 72; the friction film contact layer is composed of WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent in a mass ratio of 5:40: 57.
6) Respectively carrying out vacuum evaporation mixing treatment on each layer of WCoAlBNb-based composite material powder in the step 5), wherein the vacuum degree of a friction film transition layer is 3.0 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 74 deg.C, boiling time of 8min, and vacuum degree of friction film support layer of 3.6 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 62 deg.C, boiling time of 11min, and vacuum degree of contact layer of friction film of 4.0 × 10-2Pa, heating temperature of 50 deg.C, boiling time of 13 min.
7) And (3) respectively loading the uniformly mixed powder of each layer in the step 6) into a hot-pressing forming die to respectively obtain sheet materials such as a metal matrix, a friction film transition layer and the like. The hot-press forming of the friction film transition layer applies pressure of 18MPa, the pressing temperature is 360 ℃, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 240min each time, the air is discharged for 3s every 18min, and the operation is repeatedly carried out for 8 times; hot-press molding the friction membrane supporting layer, wherein the applied pressure is 16MPa, the pressing temperature is 260 ℃, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 140min each time, the air is released for 3s every 45min, and the operation is repeatedly carried out for 5 times; the friction film contact layer is hot-pressed and molded, the applied pressure is 22MPa, the pressing temperature is 175 ℃, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 45min each time, the air is discharged for 3s every 15min, and the operation is repeatedly carried out for 4 times.
8) Processing the sample of the pressed sheet obtained in the step 7), turning at a turning speed of 600r/min to obtain a metal sheet with each layer corresponding to the thickness and the cross-sectional area of 23 mm; the rotating speed of the grinding process is 155r/min, the rotating speed of the polishing machine for cleaning peripheral burrs and flashes and the rotating speed of the electrostatic spraying process equipment is 800r/min, the subsequent treatment is carried out at the temperature of 100 ℃, and finally the thin slice with the surface roughness of Ra3.2 and the diameter of 25mm is obtained
9) And (3) sequentially loading the slices with the diameter of 25mm in the step 8) into a graphite die with the diameter of 28mm, and preparing the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure by using a spark plasma sintering process. The sintering temperature of the discharge plasma is 1150 ℃, the sintering pressure is 38MPa, the heat preservation time is 50min, the protective gas is argon, and the heating rate is 90 ℃/min.
10) And (3) carrying out rolling treatment on the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure obtained in the step (9), wherein the rolling treatment is to repeatedly act on a friction film contact layer by using a ceramic-based rolling body to form a nanocrystalline structure friction film, the applied pressure is 5Mpa, the linear velocity is 1.5m/s, the acting temperature is 150 ℃, and the time is 250min, so that the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure is finally obtained. The nano-carbide is 15% of tantalum carbide, 10% of niobium carbide, 25% of silicon carbide, 30% of titanium carbide and 20% of silicon nitride.
Hardness was measured by using HVS-1000 type digital display vickers according to GB/T4340.1-2009, where WCoAlBNb-based robot arm ball joint of multilayer nanocrystalline structure prepared in example 2 had hardness of 4.98GPa and relative density of 98.2%. fig. 7 is a field emission scanning electron microscope profile of a tribological wear surface of WCoAlBNb-based robot arm ball joint material of multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in example 3 of the present invention, fig. 8 is a tribological wear 3D micro-profile of WCoAlBNb-based robot arm ball joint material of multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in example 3, fig. 3 is a friction coefficient curve of wcoalb-based robot arm ball joint material of multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention, fig. 4 is a histogram of wear rate of wcoalb-based robot arm ball joint material of multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention, fig. 3 is a histogram of wcoalb-based robot arm ball joint material of multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in examples 3, fig. 3 is a low tribological coefficient of wcoalbb, fig. 3 is 3.58 × 10.58.-6mm3in/Nm. This shows that the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline composite structure prepared in example 3 has excellent friction-reducing and wear-resisting properties.
The raw materials listed in the invention can realize the invention, and the upper and lower limit values and interval values of the raw materials can realize the invention, and the process parameters of the invention, such as the upper and lower limit values and interval values of frequency, temperature, time, vacuum degree and the like can realize the invention, and the like, but the examples are not listed.

Claims (10)

1. A WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with a multilayer nanocrystalline structure and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that: the WCoAlBNb-based multi-layer nanocrystalline structure composite material for the ball joint of the mechanical arm is prepared by using a WCoAlBNb substrate, CuSnAgZnSb soft metal and a multi-component composite regulating agent as raw materials through the processes of layer-by-layer design, layer-by-layer proportioning, layer-by-layer preparation and superposition molding.
2. The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the matrix consists of W, Co, Al, B, Nb, Si, B and Y elements, and the mass ratio of the elements is (70-80): (5-15): 4-7): 3-6): 2-4): 0.32-0.46): 0.2-0.4): 0.2-0.5; the mass ratio of the elements of the soft metal CuSnAgZnSb is (30-38): (23-27): (23-28): (15-18): (7-10).
3. The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material of claim 1, wherein: the friction film consists of a metal base body, a friction film transition layer, a friction film supporting layer and a friction film contact layer, and the thickness ratio of the metal base body to the friction film transition layer to the friction film contact layer is (45-70): (18-29): (10-12): 5-8).
4. The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure according to claim 3, wherein: each layer of the multilayer nanocrystalline structure has different components: the metal matrix is pure WCoAlBNb-based alloy; the friction film transition layer comprises WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio is (30-40): (40-50): (20-24); the friction film supporting layer comprises a WCoAlBNb matrix, CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-component composite regulating agent, and the mass ratio is (10-15): (10-13): (72-80); the friction film contact layer comprises WCoAlBNb-based alloy, soft metal CuSnAgZnSb and a multi-element composite regulating agent, and the corresponding mass ratio is (3-5): (40-45): (50-57).
5. The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with a multilayer nanocrystalline structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the multi-component composite regulating agent has different component ratios of each layer of structure: the multi-element composite regulating agent on the transition layer of the friction film comprises 17.6-19% of ceramic fiber, 4.4-6.3% of carbon fiber, 4.4-9.5% of tantalum carbide, 13.2-14.5% of niobium carbide, 11.4-12% of silicon carbide, 8.8-9.5% of titanium carbide, 7-9.5% of silicon nitride, 1-1.9% of carbon nano tube, 1-2.5% of graphene, 12.3-19% of multilayer plate structure and 4-19% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent on the friction film support layer comprises 13.6-14.5% of ceramic fiber, 3.4-6.4% of carbon fiber, 6.8-10% of tantalum carbide, 6.8-12% of niobium carbide, 6.8-12.1% of silicon carbide, 6.8-10.5% of titanium carbide, 13.6-15.5% of silicon nitride, 1.7-4.8% of carbon nano tube, 2.4-5.4% of graphene, 17-19% of multilayer plate structure and 6.8-21.1% of potassium silicate whisker; the multi-element composite regulating agent on the contact layer of the friction film comprises 5.2-5.8% of ceramic fiber, 7.8-8.4% of carbon fiber, 2.6-3.2% of tantalum carbide, 5.1-6.4% of niobium carbide, 5-6.2% of silicon carbide, 2.6-4.8% of titanium carbide, 7.8-8.6% of silicon nitride, 1.3-2.4% of carbon nano tube, 4-5.8% of graphene, 16-54% of multilayer plate structure and 18-20% of potassium silicate whisker.
6. The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the preparation process comprises weighing ammonium molybdate, silicon powder and cadmium powder according to molar ratio of (3-4) to (1-2), grinding and mixing ammonium molybdate powder to obtain plate crystal raw material with thickness of 40-45 μm; and then sintering in a vacuum atmosphere furnace at the sintering temperature of 350-470 ℃ for 4.5-6.5h, wherein the protective gas is argon, and the oxygen amount is 85-115ml/min during the sintering process, so as to obtain the multilayer platy MoSiCrO.
7. The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with a multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure is obtained through the processes of preparation of a multi-element plate crystal, design calculation of tribology of materials of each layer, vacuum mixing, hot press molding, sample processing, stacking firing of the multilayer nanocrystalline structure, rolling and the like.
8. The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the hot-press forming process of each layer of material comprises the steps of respectively filling the uniformly mixed powder of each layer into a hot-press forming die according to the component proportions of the materials as claimed in claims 2, 4 and 5 and the material as claimed in claim 3 to obtain the original material of the metal matrix, the friction film transition layer, the friction film supporting layer and the friction film contact layer sheet, and obtaining the sheet with the diameter of 22-34mm after the sample is subjected to hot-press forming.
9. The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof according to claim 7, wherein the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the multilayer composite material processing technological process includes the steps of loading the sheets in the graphite mold of 24-36mm diameter, setting the spark plasma sintering parameters and preparing the WCoAlBNb-base mechanical arm ball joint material with multilayer nanometer crystal structure.
10. The WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with the multilayer nanocrystalline structure and the preparation method thereof according to claim 7, wherein the WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: preparing a nanocrystalline friction film contact layer by using a rolling process: the ceramic-based rolling body repeatedly acts on the friction film contact layer to form the friction film with the nanocrystalline structure, the applied pressure is 3-5Mpa, the linear velocity is 1-1.5m/s, the temperature is 150 ℃, the time is 150-250min, and the grinding agent is a mixture of ultrapure water and nano-carbide, wherein the nano-carbide refers to 15-25% of tantalum carbide, 7-10% of niobium carbide, 20-25% of silicon carbide, 30-35% of titanium carbide and 15-20% of silicon nitride.
CN202010452898.1A 2020-05-26 2020-05-26 WCoAlBNb-based mechanical arm ball joint composite material with multilayer nanocrystalline structure and preparation method thereof Pending CN111411283A (en)

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