CN111410734A - Environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polyester and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polyester and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111410734A CN111410734A CN202010235349.9A CN202010235349A CN111410734A CN 111410734 A CN111410734 A CN 111410734A CN 202010235349 A CN202010235349 A CN 202010235349A CN 111410734 A CN111410734 A CN 111410734A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/60—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from the reaction of a mixture of hydroxy carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/22—Polyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/102—Polyesters
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polyester and a preparation method thereof, wherein a reaction system of hydroxy acid and fatty acid in a certain proportion is polymerized in the presence of inert gas and a catalyst to obtain a polymerization product a, the polymerization product a is reacted with polyhydric alcohol in a certain proportion to obtain a polymerization product b, and finally, dibasic acid is adopted for polymerization to obtain the polyester, wherein the molecular weight of the polyester is more than 20000, and the viscosity index is more than 200. The polyester of the invention can be used as a viscosity improver in lubricating oil, and has excellent pyrolysis performance; the polyester molecules have excellent adjustability, different molecular structures can be realized through different raw materials, and products with different molecular weights, different viscosities and different emulsifying properties can be obtained by controlling the acid value; in semi-synthesis application, the cutting fluid with excellent lubricating property can be prepared with self-emulsifying ester, and the rust prevention and corrosion inhibition performance of the system can be improved; can replace chlorinated paraffin and is a very promising lubricating additive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lubricating additives, in particular to environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polyester and a preparation method thereof.
Background
As the demands for machinery, electric power, rails, automobiles, household appliances and the like in the world increase, the demands for metal processing also rise, and the metal processing liquid is an indispensable processing aid in the metal processing industry at present. With the higher and higher requirements of society on environmental protection, the development of green easily-degradable additives with excellent lubricating performance is the key point in the stage.
The synthetic ester has excellent lubricity, thermal stability, biostability, low toxicity and reproducibility, and is a recognized environment-friendly lubricating material. In the past, natural animal and vegetable oil and fat are mostly used as simple synthetic mono-diester such as pentaerythritol ester, tetrapolyricinoleate, trimethylolpropane oleate and the like, and polymerized ester of polybasic acid polyol with different viscosities is developed, so that the modified polybasic acid polyol has the advantages of high viscosity, high viscosity index, strong adsorption capacity, good lubricating capacity and high hydrolytic stability, and is applied to various cutting fluids and lubricating oil as a lubricating additive, a viscosity improver and the like. Researches show that the polyester has the capability of completely replacing chlorinated paraffin, can reduce the use of sulfur and phosphorus extreme pressure agents in a formula, can reduce environmental pollution and can also reduce cutting cost.
The polyester is generally divided into copolymerization type and polycondensation type, wherein α -olefin is used as a raw material in the copolymerization type, and double bond polymerization is carried out on the polyester with acrylic acid, maleic anhydride and the like, so that the polyester has excellent stability and viscosity-temperature property.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems that the traditional lubricating oil is not environment-friendly and the lubricating performance is not ideal, and provides environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polyester and a preparation method thereof. The lubricating effect of the polymeric ester in semisynthetic and emulsified oil is tested to be better than that of common lubricants in markets such as tetrapolyricinoleate, pentaerythritol tetraoleate, trimethylolpropane oleate and the like, and the polymeric ester can completely replace chlorinated paraffin and is a lubricating additive with a very promising prospect; the molecular weight of the polyester is more than 20000, the viscosity index is more than 200, the polyester can be used as a viscosity improver in lubricating oil, and the high-temperature decomposition performance is excellent.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of polymerizing a reaction system of hydroxy acid and fatty acid in a certain proportion in the presence of inert gas and a catalyst to obtain a polymerization product a, reacting with polyol in a specific proportion to obtain a polymerization product b, and finally polymerizing by adopting dibasic acid to obtain the polymeric ester, wherein the molecular weight of the polymeric ester is more than 20000, and the viscosity index of the polymeric ester is more than 200.
Further, the hydroxy acid comprises one or a mixture of several of long-chain w hydroxy acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid and 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-acrylic acid, and preferably the long-chain w hydroxy acid.
The fatty acid comprises one or more of fatty acids with 4-30 carbon atoms, preferably one or more of fatty acids with 6-24 carbon atoms, and more preferably one or more of fatty acids with 8-20 carbon atoms.
The polyalcohol comprises one or more of trihydric alcohol and tetrahydric alcohol.
The dibasic acid comprises one or more of maleic anhydride, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid and tetradecanedioic acid.
Further, the mass ratio of the hydroxy acid in the reaction system is in the range of 0% to 100%, preferably 0% to 80%, more preferably 0% to 70%.
Further, the molar ratio of the trihydric alcohol to the polymerization product a is 1: 0.8-1.2, preferably 1: 0.9-1.1, and more preferably 1: 0.95-1.05.
The molar ratio of the tetrahydric alcohol to the polymerization product a is 1: 1.6-2.4, preferably 1: 1.8-2.2, and more preferably 1: 1.9-2.1.
The molar ratio of the dibasic acid to the polyhydric alcohol is 1: 0.8-1.2, preferably 1: 0.9-1.1, and more preferably 1: 0.95-1.05.
Further, the catalyst comprises one or a mixture of more of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide, and the dosage of the catalyst is within the range of 0.01-2%, preferably 0.05-1%, and more preferably 0.1-0.5%.
Further, the long-chain w-hydroxy acid is ricinoleic acid or hydrogenated ricinoleic acid.
The polyalcohol is pentaerythritol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and tetrol.
The inert gas is nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polyester, which comprises the following steps:
(1) heating a certain proportion of hydroxy acid and fatty acid to a specific temperature under the condition of inert gas and catalyst for polymerization until the acid value is constant, and reacting for a period of time to obtain a polymerization product a;
(2) esterifying the polymerization product a obtained in the first step with polyhydric alcohol in a specific proportion at a specific temperature until the acid value is less than 5.0mgKOH/g to obtain a polymerization product b with more than two residual hydroxyl groups on average;
(3) polymerizing the polymerization product b obtained in the second step with a polybasic acid at a specific temperature to obtain the polyester.
Further, the temperature range of the first step reaction is 160-240 ℃, preferably 170-220 ℃, and more preferably 180-210 ℃; the temperature range of the second step reaction is 160-240 ℃, preferably 170-230 ℃, and more preferably 190-220 ℃; the third step is carried out at a reaction temperature of 160-240 ℃, preferably 170-230 ℃, and more preferably 190-220 ℃.
The reaction time of the three steps is 1-10 h.
The reaction device comprises a moisture condensation and collection device and a vacuum dehydration device.
Further, the hydroxy acid comprises one or a mixture of several of long-chain w hydroxy acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid and 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-acrylic acid, and preferably the long-chain w hydroxy acid.
The fatty acid comprises one or more of fatty acids with 4-30 carbon atoms, preferably one or more of fatty acids with 6-24 carbon atoms, and more preferably one or more of fatty acids with 8-20 carbon atoms.
The polyalcohol comprises one or more of trihydric alcohol and tetrahydric alcohol.
The dibasic acid comprises one or more of maleic anhydride, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid and tetradecanedioic acid.
The catalyst comprises one or a mixture of more of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide.
The inert gas is nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
Further, the mass ratio of the hydroxy acid in the system is in the range of 0% to 100%, preferably 0% to 80%, more preferably 0% to 70%.
The molar ratio of the trihydric alcohol to the polymerization product a is 1: 0.8-1.2, preferably 1: 0.9-1.1, and more preferably 1: 0.95-1.05.
The molar ratio of the tetrahydric alcohol to the polymerization product a is 1: 1.6-2.4, preferably 1: 1.8-2.2, and more preferably 1: 1.9-2.1.
The molar ratio of the dibasic acid to the polyhydric alcohol is 1: 0.8-1.2, preferably 1: 0.9-1.1, and more preferably 1: 0.95-1.05.
The dosage of the catalyst is within the range of 0.01-2%, preferably 0.05-1%, and more preferably 0.1-0.5%;
the acid value of the polymer b was < 5.0 mgKOH/g.
The acid value of the finally obtained polymer is 10 to 60mgKOH/g, preferably 15 to 50mgKOH/g, and more preferably 20 to 40 mgKOH/g.
By adopting the scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the molecular weight of the polyester is more than 20000, the viscosity index is more than 200, the polyester can be used as a viscosity improver in lubricating oil, and the high-temperature decomposition performance is excellent;
2. vegetable fatty acid, polyalcohol and polybasic acid are adopted for polymerization, the polyester molecules have excellent adjustability, different molecular structures can be realized through different raw materials, and products with different molecular weights, different viscosities and different emulsifying properties can be obtained by controlling the acid value;
3. in semi-synthesis application, the cutting fluid with excellent lubricating property can be prepared with self-emulsifying ester, and the rust prevention and corrosion inhibition performance of the system can be improved; the lubricating effect of the polymeric ester in semisynthetic and emulsified oil is tested to be better than that of common lubricants in markets such as tetrapolyricinoleate, pentaerythritol tetraoleate, trimethylolpropane oleate and the like, and the polymeric ester can completely replace chlorinated paraffin and is a lubricating additive with a very promising prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polyester comprises the following specific steps:
(1) heating a reaction system of hydroxy acid and fatty acid in a certain proportion to a certain specific reaction temperature in the presence of inert gas and a catalyst for polymerization until the acid value is constant, wherein the reaction time is 1-10 h, and obtaining a polymerization product a.
Further, the selected hydroxy acids include long chain w hydroxy acids, lactic acid, glycolic acid, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-propenoic acid, etc., preferably long chain w hydroxy acids (e.g., ricinoleic acid, hydrogenated ricinoleic acid, etc.). The selected fatty acid comprises one or more of fatty acids with 4-30 carbon atoms, preferably one or more of fatty acids with 6-24 carbon atoms, and more preferably one or more of fatty acids with 8-20 carbon atoms.
Further, the mass ratio of the hydroxy acid in the system is 0% to 100%, preferably 0% to 80%, more preferably 0% to 70%.
Further, the selected catalyst mainly comprises various acid-base compounds such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and the like, and the dosage of the catalyst is 0.01-2%, preferably 0.05-1%, and more preferably 0.1-0.5%.
Further, the reaction temperature is 160-240 ℃, preferably 170-220 ℃, and more preferably 180-210 ℃.
Further, the reaction is carried out under an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
Furthermore, the reaction device is provided with a moisture condensation and collection device and a vacuum dehydration device.
(2) The polymerization product a obtained in the first step is esterified with a polyhydric alcohol in a specific proportion at a specific reaction temperature until the acid value is less than 5.0mgKOH/g, and an ester (polymerization product b) having two or more residual hydroxyl groups on average is obtained.
Further, the selected polyhydric alcohol comprises one or more of a mixture of trihydric and tetrahydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and erythritol.
Further, the molar ratio of the selected trihydric alcohol to the polymerization product a is 1: 0.8-1.2, preferably 1: 0.9-1.1, more preferably 1: 0.95-1.05, and the molar ratio of the selected tetrahydric alcohol to the polymerization product a is 1: 1.6-2.4, preferably 1: 1.8-2.2, more preferably 1: 1.9-2.1.
Further, the reaction temperature is 160-240 ℃, preferably 170-230 ℃, and more preferably 190-220 ℃.
(3) Polymerizing the polymerization product b obtained in the second step with polybasic acid in a certain proportion at a certain specific reaction temperature to obtain the product with a specific acid value, namely the polyester of the invention, wherein the molecular weight of the obtained polyester is more than 20000, the viscosity index is more than 200, and the polyester can be used as a viscosity improver in lubricating oil and has excellent high-temperature decomposition performance.
Further, the selected dibasic acids include maleic anhydride, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, and the like.
Further, the molar ratio of the selected dibasic acid to the selected polyhydric alcohol is 1: 0.8-1.2, preferably 1: 0.9-1.1, and more preferably 1: 0.95-1.05;
further, the reaction temperature is 160-240 ℃, preferably 170-230 ℃, and more preferably 190-220 ℃.
Further, the acid value of the final polyester is 10 to 60mgKOH/g, preferably 15 to 50mgKOH/g, and more preferably 20 to 40 mgKOH/g.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples
Example 1
560g of oleic acid, 136g of pentaerythritol, 9.5g of glycerol and 1g of hypophosphorous acid catalyst are weighed, added into a four-neck flask, a stirrer, a temperature sensor and a water condensation collector are arranged, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is slowly increased to 190 ℃, the reaction is carried out for 4 hours, the acid value is detected to be less than 5.0mgKOH/g, 150.5g of adipic acid is added, the temperature is increased to 200 ℃, the reaction is carried out for 2 to 3 hours, and the discharging is carried out when the acid value is detected to be 22 to 27 mgKOH/g. The final polymeric ester product was a high viscosity pale yellow transparent liquid with a molecular weight of about 22000, a viscosity of 2500 at 40 ℃ and a viscosity index of 220.
Example 2
Weighing 100g of ricinoleic acid, 136g of tall oil acid and 0.2g of hypophosphorous acid, adding into a four-neck flask, installing a stirrer, a temperature sensor and a moisture condensation collector, introducing nitrogen, slowly heating to 210 ℃, reacting for 3 hours, and obtaining an acid value of 130 mgKOH/g; then 35g of pentaerythritol and 2g of glycerol are added, the reaction is carried out for 4 hours at the temperature of 220 ℃, and the acid value is 4.5 mgKOH/g; the temperature is reduced to 150 ℃, 25g of maleic anhydride is added, after reaction for 1h, the temperature is slowly raised to 180 ℃, and reaction is carried out for 3h, thus obtaining the polyester with the acid value of 27.6 mgKOH/g. The finally obtained polyester is high-viscosity yellow brown transparent liquid, the molecular weight is about 35000, the viscosity is 2800 at 40 ℃, and the viscosity index is 232.
Example 3
Weighing 90g of lactic acid, 280g of oleic acid and 1g of hypophosphorous acid, adding into a four-neck flask, installing a stirrer, a temperature sensor and a moisture condensation collector, introducing nitrogen, slowly heating to 180 ℃, reacting for 4 hours, and obtaining an acid value of 165 mgKOH/g; then adding 61.2g of pentaerythritol and 13.4g of trimethylolpropane, heating to 190 ℃, reacting for 4 hours, and obtaining an acid value of 4.7 mgKOH/g; 106g of sebacic acid is added, the temperature is raised to 210 ℃, the reaction is carried out for 2 to 3 hours, and the acid value is about 30 mgKOH/g. The polymer ester finally obtained is a high-viscosity light yellow transparent liquid, the molecular weight is about 20000, the viscosity at 40 ℃ is 2800, and the viscosity index is 240.
Example 4
Weighing 80g of lauric acid, 160g of stearic acid, 300g of hydrogenated ricinoleic acid and 2g of sodium carbonate, adding the weighed materials into a four-neck flask, installing a stirrer, a temperature sensor and a water condensation collector, slowly heating to 190 ℃, reacting for 2-3h, and obtaining an acid value of 115 mgKOH/g; then adding 64.6g of pentaerythritol and 9.2g of glycerol, and continuing to react for 3-4h at 190 ℃ with an acid value of 3.9 mgKOH/g; 76.5g of adipic acid is added to react for 2 to 3 hours at 220 ℃ and the acid value reaches 27 to 32mgKOH/g, and the mixture is cooled and discharged. At normal temperature, the finally obtained polymer is turbid flowing liquid with the molecular weight of about 38000, the viscosity of 2800 at 40 ℃ and the viscosity index of 190.
Example 5
Weighing 62.4g of hydrogenated coconut oil acid, 189g of stearic acid, 320g of dodecahydroxy stearic acid and 1.5g of sodium hydroxide, adding the mixture into a four-neck flask, installing a stirrer, a temperature sensor and a water condensation collector, slowly heating to 190 ℃, reacting for 2-3h, and obtaining an acid value of 110 mgKOH/g; adding 61g of pentaerythritol and 11g of glycerol, reacting for 3-4h at 200 ℃, and obtaining an acid value of 5.0 mgKOH/g; finally adding 61g of succinic acid, reacting for 3h at 190 ℃, cooling and discharging with an acid value of 25-30 mgKOH/g. At normal temperature, the finally obtained polymer ester is a turbid flowing liquid with the molecular weight of about 33000, the viscosity of 2700 at 40 ℃ and the viscosity index of 172.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the molecular weight of the polyester is more than 20000, the viscosity index is more than 200, the polyester can be used as a viscosity improver in lubricating oil, and the high-temperature decomposition performance is excellent;
2. vegetable fatty acid, polyalcohol and polybasic acid are adopted for polymerization, the polyester molecules have excellent adjustability, different molecular structures can be realized through different raw materials, and products with different molecular weights, different viscosities and different emulsifying properties can be obtained by controlling the acid value;
3. in semi-synthesis application, the cutting fluid with excellent lubricating property can be prepared with self-emulsifying ester, and the rust prevention and corrosion inhibition performance of the system can be improved; the lubricating effect of the polymeric ester in semisynthetic and emulsified oil is tested to be better than that of common lubricants in markets such as tetrapolyricinoleate, pentaerythritol tetraoleate, trimethylolpropane oleate and the like, and the polymeric ester can completely replace chlorinated paraffin and is a lubricating additive with a very promising prospect.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polyester polymer is characterized in that a reaction system of hydroxy acid and fatty acid in a certain proportion is polymerized in the presence of inert gas and a catalyst to obtain a polymerization product a, the polymerization product a is reacted with polyol in a specific proportion to obtain a polymerization product b, and finally, dibasic acid is adopted for polymerization to obtain the polyester polymer, wherein the molecular weight of the polyester polymer is more than 20000, and the viscosity index of the polyester polymer is more than 200.
2. The environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polymeric ester of claim 1, wherein the hydroxy acid comprises one or a mixture of long-chain w-hydroxy acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, and 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-propenoic acid, preferably long-chain w-hydroxy acid;
the fatty acid comprises one or more of fatty acids with 4-30 carbon atoms, preferably one or more of fatty acids with 6-24 carbon atoms, and more preferably one or more of fatty acids with 8-20 carbon atoms;
the polyalcohol comprises one or a mixture of more of trihydric alcohol and tetrahydric alcohol;
the dibasic acid comprises one or more of maleic anhydride, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid and tetradecanedioic acid.
3. The environmentally friendly high viscosity lubricating polymeric ester of claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the hydroxy acid in the reaction system is in the range of 0% to 100%, preferably 0% to 80%, more preferably 0% to 70%.
4. The environment-friendly high-viscosity lubricating polyester according to claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of the triol to the polymerization product a is 1:0.8 to 1.2, preferably 1:0.9 to 1.1, more preferably 1:0.95 to 1.05;
the molar ratio of the tetrahydric alcohol to the polymerization product a is 1: 1.6-2.4, preferably 1: 1.8-2.2, and more preferably 1: 1.9-2.1;
the molar ratio of the dibasic acid to the polyhydric alcohol is 1: 0.8-1.2, preferably 1: 0.9-1.1, and more preferably 1: 0.95-1.05.
5. The environmentally friendly high viscosity lubricating polyester according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide, and the amount of the catalyst is in the range of 0.01 to 2%, preferably 0.05 to 1%, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5%.
6. The environmentally friendly high viscosity lubricating polymeric ester of claim 2, wherein the long chain w-hydroxy acid is ricinoleic acid or hydrogenated ricinoleic acid;
the polyalcohol is pentaerythritol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and tetrol;
the inert gas is nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
7. A method for preparing the environmentally friendly high viscosity lubricating polyester of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) heating a certain proportion of hydroxy acid and fatty acid to a specific temperature under the condition of inert gas and catalyst for polymerization until the acid value is constant, and reacting for a period of time to obtain a polymerization product a;
(2) esterifying the polymerization product a obtained in the first step with polyhydric alcohol in a specific proportion at a specific temperature until the acid value is less than 5.0mgKOH/g to obtain a polymerization product b with more than two residual hydroxyl groups on average;
(3) polymerizing the polymerization product b obtained in the second step with a polybasic acid at a specific temperature to obtain the polyester.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the first step reaction temperature is 160-240 ℃, preferably 170-220 ℃, more preferably 180-210 ℃; the temperature range of the second step reaction is 160-240 ℃, preferably 170-230 ℃, and more preferably 190-220 ℃; the third step, the reaction temperature range is 160-240 ℃, preferably 170-230 ℃, and more preferably 190-220 ℃;
the reaction time of the three steps is 1-10 h;
the reaction device comprises a moisture condensation and collection device and a vacuum dehydration device.
9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the hydroxy acid comprises one or more of long-chain w-hydroxy acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, and 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-acrylic acid, preferably long-chain w-hydroxy acid;
the fatty acid comprises one or more of fatty acids with 4-30 carbon atoms, preferably one or more of fatty acids with 6-24 carbon atoms, and more preferably one or more of fatty acids with 8-20 carbon atoms;
the polyalcohol comprises one or a mixture of more of trihydric alcohol and tetrahydric alcohol;
the dibasic acid comprises one or a mixture of more of maleic anhydride, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid and tetradecanedioic acid;
the catalyst comprises one or a mixture of more of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfamic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium methoxide and sodium ethoxide;
the inert gas is nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that the mass ratio of the hydroxy acid in the system is in the range of 0% to 100%, preferably 0% to 80%, more preferably 0% to 70%;
the molar ratio of the trihydric alcohol to the polymerization product a is 1: 0.8-1.2, preferably 1: 0.9-1.1, and more preferably 1: 0.95-1.05;
the molar ratio of the tetrahydric alcohol to the polymerization product a is 1: 1.6-2.4, preferably 1: 1.8-2.2, and more preferably 1: 1.9-2.1;
the molar ratio of the dibasic acid to the polyol is 1: 0.8-1.2, preferably 1: 0.9-1.1, and more preferably 1: 0.95-1.05;
the dosage of the catalyst is within the range of 0.01-2%, preferably 0.05-1%, and more preferably 0.1-0.5%;
the acid value of the polymerization product b is less than 5.0 mgKOH/g;
the acid value of the finally obtained polymer is 10 to 60mgKOH/g, preferably 15 to 50mgKOH/g, and more preferably 20 to 40 mgKOH/g.
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