CN111410523A - Ultra-light porous fused quartz foam and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-light porous fused quartz foam and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-light porous fused quartz foam and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the ultra-light porous fused quartz foam comprises the following steps: (1) forming fused silica slurry which comprises fused silica particles and silicon nitride powder and has solid content of 45-60%; wherein the adding amount of the silicon nitride powder is 5-20% of the mass of the fused quartz powder; (2) adjusting the pH value of the slurry to 2-6.5, and then adding a foaming agent formed by compounding an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant into the fused quartz slurry prepared in the step (1); (3) ball-milling the slurry prepared in the step (2) to enable the slurry to be uniformly foamed, and then performing injection molding in a mold to obtain a fused quartz foam blank; (4) and (4) insulating the fused silica foam blank prepared in the step (3) at 1180-1300 ℃ for 2-10h for sintering to obtain the ultra-light porous fused silica foam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic materials, particularly relates to the technical field of preparation of a porous foamed ceramic material with high strength, low density, low shrinkage and ultra-stability, and particularly relates to an ultra-light porous fused quartz foam and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The foamed ceramics are porous ceramics with higher porosity, and are novel porous ceramic materials with foam-like structures developed from common porous ceramics and honeycomb porous ceramics. Due to the unique structural characteristics, the foamed ceramics are developed rapidly from the last 70 th century to the present, and the foamed ceramics with excellent performances such as silicon carbide, mullite, silicon dioxide, alumina and the like are prepared and applied. Due to the unique structural characteristics of the foamed ceramic, the foamed ceramic has the excellent characteristics of low density, low thermal conductivity, low dielectric constant, low heat capacity, high porosity, high permeability, high specific surface area and the like, and has excellent mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, acid and alkali resistance and other properties, so that the foamed ceramic is widely applied to the fields of metallurgy, chemical industry, military industry, environmental protection, food safety and biology. The common applications of foamed ceramics include metallurgy, molten metal liquid filtration, sewage treatment, sound absorption materials, automobile exhaust catalytic purifiers, energy-saving materials and the like.
The fused silica foam material has the advantages of both foamed ceramic and oxide material, has the excellent performance, and has the characteristics of low price and low production cost, so that the fused silica foam material is an engineering material with excellent comprehensive performance. In recent years, the materials have attracted much attention in these fields of application, and the materials are required to have high porosity and good mechanical strength. Foams are an ideal choice for sound absorbing materials in these applications, and it is therefore an urgent problem to prepare high strength, high porosity foams by a low cost, simple process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical background, the invention aims to provide the ultra-light porous fused quartz foam which has the advantages of good foam stability, high slurry casting performance, uniform foam pore diameter, controllable pore diameter and excellent mechanical property, and the preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a preparation method of ultra-light porous fused quartz foam, which comprises the following steps:
(1) forming fused silica slurry which comprises fused silica particles and silicon nitride powder and has solid content of 45-60%; wherein the adding amount of the silicon nitride powder is 5-20% of the mass of the fused quartz powder;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the slurry to 2-6.5, and then adding a foaming agent formed by compounding an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant into the fused quartz slurry prepared in the step (1);
(3) ball-milling the slurry prepared in the step (2) to enable the slurry to be uniformly foamed, and then performing injection molding in a mold to obtain a fused quartz foam blank;
(4) and (4) insulating the fused silica foam blank prepared in the step (3) at 1180-1300 ℃ for 2-10h for sintering to obtain the ultra-light porous fused silica foam.
The invention is characterized in that the invention innovatively selects the composite anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant as the foaming agent and combines the gel-casting molding process, thereby realizing the purposes of reducing the drying shrinkage of the fused quartz foam blank and avoiding cracking. For fused silica powder, the addition of the anionic surfactant can enable slurry of the fused silica powder to be fully foamed, the addition of the cationic surfactant can effectively improve the stability of foam of the fused silica powder, and the combination of the two surfactants as a composite foaming agent of the fused silica can improve the foamability and uniformity of the foam.
Preferably, in the step (1), the fused silica particles have a median particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm.
Preferably, the adding amount of the silicon nitride powder is 5-20% of the mass of the fused quartz particles. By controlling the amount of the silicon nitride powder to be added within the above range, the devitrification of the cristobalite in the fused silica can be effectively suppressed, so that the cracking of the sample due to the stress concentration is avoided, the sintering densification of the fused silica is promoted, and the strength of the fused silica foam can be improved. In an alternative embodiment, the silicon nitride powder has a median particle size of 0.3 to 1.0 μm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the fused silica slurry further comprises a gelling agent which is 0.3-2% of the mass of the fused silica powder.
Preferably, the gelling agent is a water-based gel system isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer.
Preferably, in the step (2), the addition amount of the foaming agent is 0.1-1% of the total mass of the powder; preferably, in the foaming agent, the mass ratio of the anionic surfactant to the cationic surfactant is 1: (0.7-1.3).
Preferably, in the step (2), the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant are respectively long-chain ionic surfactants; preferably, the long-chain ionic surfactant has a carbon number of 12 to 18; more preferably, the anionic surfactant is at least one of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium hexadecyl sulfate, and the cationic surfactant is at least one of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecylhydroxyethyldimethylammonium bromide and hexadecyldihydroxyethylmethylammonium bromide.
Preferably, in the step (3), the ball milling rotation speed is 250-. Controlling the ball milling time and the ball milling rotation speed within the above ranges contributes to sufficient and uniform foaming.
Preferably, in the step (3), the forming comprises a gel curing process and a blank drying process, wherein the gel curing temperature is 10-50 ℃ and the time is 1-10 hours; the drying temperature is 25-60 ℃ and the drying time is 24-48 hours.
Preferably, in the step (4), the sintering process is performed by heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, heating to 1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 1180 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min, and then keeping the temperature for 2-10 h. The temperature rise system can effectively realize the sintering of the fused quartz, but cannot cause the crystallization of the cristobalite.
Preferably, the mould is a plaster mould. The gypsum mould can effectively control the drying speed of the quartz foam, thereby effectively reducing the shrinkage of the drying process and avoiding cracking.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant are compounded to be used as the foaming agent, so that the foaming performance is improved, the stability of the foam is improved, the surface tension is reduced, the pores of the prepared foam are uniformly distributed, and the mechanical property of the high-porosity fused quartz foam is improved;
(2) the invention combines the gel injection molding process and the direct foaming method, adopts the novel water-based gel agent isobutene-maleic anhydride copolymer as the dispersing agent and the gel agent at the same time, increases the fluidity and the stability of the slurry, reduces the shrinkage in the foam drying process, avoids drying cracking and has high yield;
(3) according to the invention, silicon nitride is used as a sintering aid of the fused quartz, so that the crystallization of the cristobalite in the sintering process can be effectively inhibited, the cracking of a sample is avoided, the sintering of the fused quartz is promoted, and the mechanical strength of the fused quartz foam is further improved.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides the ultra-light porous fused silica foam obtained by the preparation method, wherein the average pore diameter of the ultra-light porous fused silica foam is 100-230 μm, and the porosity is more than 85%. In an alternative embodiment, the porosity of the ultra-light weight porous fused silica foam is preferably 85% to 95%. The ultra-light porous fused quartz foam is expected to be applied to the fields of sound absorption and heat insulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a fused silica foam prepared in accordance with the present invention;
a, b, c, d, e, f in fig. 2 are SEM images of the low magnification pore structure of the fused silica foam prepared in example 3, and SEM images of the high magnification surface of the pore wall structure of the fused silica foams prepared in comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 4, in that order;
in FIG. 3, XRD patterns of the fused silica powder raw material, the fused silica foams prepared in comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 4 are shown from bottom to top.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not restrictive.
As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the ultra-lightweight fused silica foam is realized by the following steps:
firstly, fused quartz particles with the average particle size of 1-5 mu m, silicon nitride particles accounting for 5-20% of the mass of the fused quartz particles, gel agent accounting for 0.3-2% of the mass of the fused quartz particles and deionized water are mixed into fused quartz slurry with the solid content of 45-60% by ball milling. The viscosity of the above fused silica slurry at a shear rate of 100S-1When the pressure is in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 pas. If the solid content of the fused quartz slurry is too low, the viscosity of the slurry after foaming is too low, and the foam is unstable; if the solid content of the fused silica slurry is too high, the viscosity of the slurry is too high in the ball milling foaming process, so that the foaming is insufficient. In an alternative embodiment, the silicon nitride particles constitute 10-20% by mass of the fused silica particles, more preferably 10-15%.
In the invention, the fused quartz is used as the substrate of the foamed ceramic, and because the fused quartz powder has lighter density and stronger hydrophilicity, compared with other ceramic substrates such as silicon nitride powder, foam is easy to grow or break stably after foaming, so that uniform and stable foaming of the fused quartz slurry is more difficult to realize.
The pH of the slurry is then adjusted to 2-6.5, preferably 3-6. The pH of the slurry can be adjusted by using dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5-15% and/or ammonia water with the mass fraction of 5-15%. The pH of the slurry is an important factor influencing the viscosity of the slurry, and the foamability and the foam stability of the slurry can be ensured by regulating and controlling the pH of the slurry. And then compounding an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant in advance, adding the compounded anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant serving as foaming agents into the fused silica slurry prepared in the first step, and continuing to perform ball milling foaming. Compared with the conventional stirring foaming treatment, the ball milling foaming method has the advantages that the ball milling foaming is more uniform in foam and better in foaming effect.
The total amount of the foaming agent added is 0.1-1% of the mass of the powder. The powder refers to the mass of all powders, including fused silica and silicon nitride powders. If the addition amount of the foaming agent is more than 1%, the viscosity of the slurry is too high, which is not beneficial to full foaming; if the amount of the blowing agent added is less than 0.1%, the same goes against foaming.
In the foaming agent, the mass ratio of the anionic surfactant to the cationic surfactant is 1 (0.7-1.3), and preferably 1: 1. Specifically, for the quartz particles, the anionic surfactant has excellent foamability, and the cationic surfactant has excellent foam stability. If an anionic surfactant is used alone as a foaming agent, the foam stability is poor; if the cationic surfactant is used alone as the foaming agent, the foaming volume is small.
Preferably, the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant are long-chain ionic surfactants respectively, so that the foaming performance is more excellent. In some embodiments, the long chain ionic surfactant has a carbon number of 12 to 18. Wherein the anionic surfactant includes, but is not limited to, at least one of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium hexadecyl sulfate. The cationic surfactant includes, but is not limited to, at least one of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetylhydroxyethyldimethylammonium bromide, and cetyldihydroxyethylmethylammonium bromide.
And then, obtaining a fused quartz foam blank after foaming, molding, gel curing and drying at room temperature.
And finally, sintering the obtained blank at 1180-1300 ℃ for 2-10h to obtain the fused quartz foam. Preferably, the incubation time is 2-4 hours. In an alternative embodiment, the sintering process used is: heating to 1000-1100 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 5-10 ℃, heating to 1180-1300 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 3-5 ℃, and then preserving heat for 2-10 h.
The foaming and foam stabilizing capability of the foam ceramic is improved by compounding the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant, and the application of the foam ceramic in the field of preparation of foam ceramic is not reported. In addition, in the preparation of fused silica foam, the surfactant also serves to adjust the hydrophobic state of the surface of the fused silica particles at the same time.
The porosity of the fused quartz foam is measured by adopting an Archimedes drainage method; the compressive strength of the fused silica foam was measured using a material universal tester (5500R, INSTRON, USA).
The invention adopts composite anionic and cationic surfactants as foaming agents for the first time, combines a gel casting process and takes silicon nitride as a sintering aid to prepare fused quartz foam. The fused quartz foam prepared by the method has the advantages of good stability, good pouring performance, uniform foam pore diameter, controllable pore diameter, excellent mechanical property and porosity of more than 85%.
The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. The specific process parameters and the like of the following examples are also only one example of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select the appropriate ranges through the description herein, and are not limited to the specific values exemplified below.
In the case where the present invention is not specifically described, the normal temperature means 20 to 25 ℃.
Example 1
Weighing 60g of fused quartz powder, adding 3g of sintering aid (silicon nitride) and 0.5g of gelling agent (isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), adding 45g of deionized water, and performing ball milling for 2 hours to obtain slurry; then adding 0.18g of compounded composite foaming agent (0.09g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 0.09g of sodium lauroyl sarcosine) into the slurry, continuing ball milling for 2 hours for foaming, and drying at normal temperature for 48 hours after injection molding to obtain a foamed ceramic dry blank; then sintering is carried out, heating is carried out to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then heating is carried out to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and heat preservation is carried out for 2 h.
The porosity of the prepared fused quartz foam is 88.41%, and the compressive strength is 1.58 MPa.
Example 2
Weighing 60g of fused quartz powder, adding 6g of sintering aid (silicon nitride) and 0.5g of gelling agent (isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), adding 45g of deionized water, and performing ball milling for 2 hours to obtain slurry; then adding 0.18g of compounded composite foaming agent (0.09g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 0.09g of sodium lauroyl sarcosine) into the slurry, continuing ball milling for 2 hours for foaming, and drying at normal temperature for 48 hours after injection molding to obtain a foamed ceramic dry blank; then sintering is carried out, heating is carried out to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then heating is carried out to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and heat preservation is carried out for 2 h.
The porosity of the prepared fused silica foam was 87.56%, and the compressive strength was 2.71 MPa.
Example 3
Weighing 60g of fused quartz powder, adding 9g of sintering aid (silicon nitride) and 0.5g of gelling agent (isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), adding 45g of deionized water, and performing ball milling for 2 hours to obtain slurry; then adding 0.18g of compounded composite foaming agent (0.09g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 0.09g of sodium lauroyl sarcosine) into the slurry, continuing ball milling for 2 hours for foaming, and drying at normal temperature for 48 hours after injection molding to obtain a foamed ceramic dry blank; then sintering is carried out, heating is carried out to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then heating is carried out to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and heat preservation is carried out for 2 h.
The porosity of the prepared fused silica foam is 86.15%, and the compressive strength is 4.3 MPa.
Example 4
Weighing 60g of fused quartz powder, adding 12g of sintering aid (silicon nitride) and 0.5g of gelling agent (isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), adding 45g of deionized water, and performing ball milling for 2 hours to obtain slurry; then adding 0.18g of compounded composite foaming agent (0.09g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 0.09g of sodium lauroyl sarcosine) into the slurry, continuing ball milling for 2 hours for foaming, and drying at normal temperature for 48 hours after injection molding to obtain a foamed ceramic dry blank; then sintering is carried out, heating is carried out to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then heating is carried out to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and heat preservation is carried out for 2 h.
The porosity of the prepared fused quartz foam is 85.25%, and the compressive strength is 3.12 MPa. Compared with example 3, the content of the sintering aid silicon nitride is slightly higher, so that the degree of densification of the fused quartz after sintering is slightly higher, the hole wall cracks are slightly increased, and the compressive strength is slightly reduced.
Comparative example 1
Weighing 60g of fused quartz powder, adding 0g of sintering aid (silicon nitride) and 0.5g of gelling agent (isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), adding 45g of deionized water, and performing ball milling for 2 hours to obtain slurry; then adding 0.18g of compounded composite foaming agent (0.09g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 0.09g of sodium lauroyl sarcosine) into the slurry, continuing ball milling for 2 hours for foaming, and drying at normal temperature for 48 hours after injection molding to obtain a foamed ceramic dry blank; then sintering is carried out, heating is carried out to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then heating is carried out to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and heat preservation is carried out for 2 h.
The porosity of the prepared fused silica foam is 89.13%, and the compressive strength is 0.99 MPa. It can be seen from b in fig. 2 that the fused silica still has a scattered particle distribution after sintering and thus has a lower strength than the fused silica obtained in examples 1 to 3 without the sintering aid silicon nitride.
It can be seen from FIG. 3 that in the absence of silicon nitride as a sintering aid, a large amount of cristobalite precipitates in the fused silica foam, and that the phase content of cristobalite in the fused silica significantly decreases with the addition of silicon nitride, while the phase content of cristobalite gradually decreases with the increase in the amount of silicon nitride added. When the amount added reaches 20%, the fused silica has almost no cristobalite phase.
Example 5
Weighing 55g of fused quartz powder, adding 8.25g of sintering aid (silicon nitride) and 0.5g of gelling agent (isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), adding 45g of deionized water, and performing ball milling for 2 hours to obtain slurry; then adding 0.18g of compounded composite foaming agent (0.09g of tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 0.09g of sodium lauroyl sarcosine) into the slurry, continuing ball milling for 2 hours for foaming, and drying at normal temperature for 48 hours after injection molding to obtain a dry foamed ceramic blank; then sintering is carried out, heating is carried out to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then heating is carried out to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and heat preservation is carried out for 2 h.
The porosity of the prepared fused silica foam is 88.69%, and the compressive strength is 3.08 MPa.
Example 6
Weighing 50g of fused quartz powder, adding 7.5g of sintering aid (silicon nitride) and 0.5g of gelling agent (isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), adding 45g of deionized water, and performing ball milling for 2 hours to obtain slurry; then adding 0.18g of compounded composite foaming agent (0.09g of tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 0.09g of sodium lauroyl sarcosine) into the slurry, continuing ball milling for 2 hours for foaming, and drying at normal temperature for 48 hours after injection molding to obtain a dry foamed ceramic blank; then sintering is carried out, heating is carried out to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then heating is carried out to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and heat preservation is carried out for 2 h.
The porosity of the fused silica foam obtained was 91.35%. In this example, the proportion of the sintering aid was the same as that in example 3, but the slurry had a reduced solid content, so that the porosity of the fused silica foam produced was increased, but the strength was slightly lower.
Comparative example 2
Weighing 60g of fused quartz powder, adding 9g of sintering aid (silicon nitride) and 0.5g of gelling agent (isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), adding 45g of deionized water, and performing ball milling for 2 hours to obtain slurry; adding 0.18g of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide into the slurry, continuously performing ball milling for 2 hours for foaming, and drying at normal temperature for 48 hours after injection molding to obtain a dry foamed ceramic blank; then sintering is carried out, heating is carried out to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then heating is carried out to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and heat preservation is carried out for 2 h.
The porosity of the prepared fused silica foam was 78.56%, and the compressive strength was 6.71 MPa. In comparison with example 3, the foaming of the fused silica slurry using only the cationic surfactant as the foaming agent was insufficient, and the porosity of the fused silica foam prepared was low.
Comparative example 3
Weighing 60g of fused quartz powder, adding 9g of sintering aid (silicon nitride) and 0.5g of gelling agent (isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer), adding 45g of deionized water, and performing ball milling for 2 hours to obtain slurry; adding 0.18g of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate into the slurry, continuously performing ball milling for 2 hours for foaming, and drying at normal temperature for 48 hours after injection molding to obtain a dry foamed ceramic blank; then sintering is carried out, heating is carried out to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, then heating is carried out to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and heat preservation is carried out for 2 h.
The porosity of the prepared fused silica foam was 91.56%, and the compressive strength was 0.71 MPa. Compared with example 3, the fused silica slurry using only the anionic surfactant as the foaming agent was more sufficiently foamed, but the foam stability was poor, so that the prepared fused silica foam was higher in porosity, but lower in strength.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of ultra-light porous fused quartz foam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) forming fused silica slurry which comprises fused silica particles and silicon nitride powder and has solid content of 45-60%; wherein the adding amount of the silicon nitride powder is 5-20% of the mass of the fused quartz powder;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the slurry to 2-6.5, and then adding a foaming agent formed by compounding an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant into the fused quartz slurry prepared in the step (1);
(3) ball-milling the slurry prepared in the step (2) to enable the slurry to be uniformly foamed, and then performing injection molding in a mold to obtain a fused quartz foam blank;
(4) and (4) insulating the fused silica foam blank prepared in the step (3) at 1180-1300 ℃ for 2-10h for sintering to obtain the ultra-light porous fused silica foam.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the fused silica particles have a median particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (1), the fused silica slurry further comprises a gelling agent in an amount of 0.3 to 2% by mass based on the mass of the fused silica powder.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the gelling agent is a water-based gelling system isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer.
5. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (2), the addition amount of the foaming agent is 0.1-1% of the total mass of the powder; preferably, in the foaming agent, the mass ratio of the anionic surfactant to the cationic surfactant is 1: (0.7-1.3).
6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (2), the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant are each a long-chain ionic surfactant; preferably, the long-chain ionic surfactant has a carbon number of 12 to 18; more preferably, the anionic surfactant is at least one of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium hexadecyl sulfate, and the cationic surfactant is at least one of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecylhydroxyethyldimethylammonium bromide and hexadecyldihydroxyethylmethylammonium bromide.
7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step (3), the ball milling rotation speed is 250-450 rpm, and the ball milling time is 1-5 hours.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step (3), the forming includes a gel curing process and a green body drying process, the gel curing temperature is 10-50 ℃, and the time is 1-10 hours; the drying temperature is 25-60 ℃ and the drying time is 24-48 hours.
9. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in step (4), the sintering process is performed by heating to 1000-.
10. The ultra-light porous fused silica foam obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the average pore size of the ultra-light porous fused silica foam is 100-230 μm, and the porosity is more than 85%, preferably 85% -95%.
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