CN111407397A - Lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter - Google Patents
Lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter Download PDFInfo
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- CN111407397A CN111407397A CN202010213054.1A CN202010213054A CN111407397A CN 111407397 A CN111407397 A CN 111407397A CN 202010213054 A CN202010213054 A CN 202010213054A CN 111407397 A CN111407397 A CN 111407397A
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- 238000007674 radiofrequency ablation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000232 Lipid Bilayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010050017 Lung cancer metastatic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002612 cardiopulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002594 fluoroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037841 lung tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004393 prognosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011297 radiofrequency ablation treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002271 resection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
- A61B8/0833—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures
- A61B8/085—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures for locating body or organic structures, e.g. tumours, calculi, blood vessels, nodules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00541—Lung or bronchi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00577—Ablation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter, which comprises an electrode catheter main body, wherein the front end of the electrode catheter main body is provided with an electrode for generating a radio frequency signal, and the tail end of the electrode catheter main body is connected with a multi-way joint; the electrode catheter cable connected with the electrode is arranged in the electrode catheter main body and penetrates out from the side wall close to the tail end of the electrode catheter main body, the tail end of the electrode catheter cable is connected with a main machine connector, the monitoring probe is arranged in the electrode catheter main body and located at the front end of the electrode catheter main body, and the monitoring probe is connected with an external signal receiving device through a multi-way connector. The radio frequency ablation electrode catheter for treating lung cancer provided by the embodiment of the invention can allow an ultrasonic probe to pass through the catheter, can realize ablation and detection at the same time, can reach any region of the lung along with a bronchoscope, does not need X-ray, does not need to withdraw the radio frequency ablation catheter back and forth, greatly reduces the operation time and avoids X-ray radiation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a radio frequency ablation electrode catheter for treating lung cancer.
Background
Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor, the incidence rate of which is increasing year by year, and the disease death rate is the first of various malignant tumors. Surgical resection remains the dominant means of lung cancer treatment in clinical practice at present. However, the clinical bed is still continuously exploring new treatment means to improve prognosis effect and improve patient survival rate for early patients with large age, weak constitution and poor cardiopulmonary function and most of late patients are not suitable for surgical treatment, the Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA) technology obtains obvious curative effect on treating primary lung cancer and metastatic lung cancer, and the technology has the advantages of safety, effectiveness, minimal invasion, few complications and good repeatability, can prolong the life of patients with lung cancer and improve the quality of life, and some patients can be completely cured.
RFA is to generate electromagnetic wave of 100kHz through a radio frequency generator, guide the magnetic wave to the local part of the treated tissue, under the action of radio frequency signal, the dielectrics in human body group such as ions, water, colloid particles, etc. are oscillated, rubbed with each other and collided with other particles to generate biological heat action, thus causing the tissue to heat up (can reach 60-1000C), thereby generating the actions of dissolving intracellular protein and lipid bilayers, damaging DNA and RNA, etc.
At present, the percutaneous radiofrequency ablation under the CT guidance can not be used for percutaneous ablation under the CT guidance because the lung tumor has small and deep lesion or special part such as central lung cancer.
The channel provided by the bronchoscope is utilized to realize lung cancer radiofrequency ablation treatment through bronchoscope intervention, so that the problems can be solved, and the additional wound brought to a patient by percutaneous puncture is avoided. At present, after the radio frequency ablation is completed, an ablation needle or a catheter needs to be withdrawn, an ultrasonic probe or X-ray fluoroscopy is placed to check the ablation result, the radio frequency catheter needs to be withdrawn and advanced, the ablation effect is checked by using the ultrasound or the X-ray, the operation time is greatly increased, and a patient and a doctor are irradiated by a large amount of X-ray in the operation process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention is expected to provide a radiofrequency ablation electrode catheter for treating lung cancer.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a radio frequency ablation electrode catheter for treating lung cancer comprises an electrode catheter main body, wherein an electrode for generating radio frequency signals is arranged at the front end of the electrode catheter main body, and the tail end of the electrode catheter main body is connected with a multi-way joint;
the electrode catheter cable connected with the electrode is arranged in the electrode catheter main body and penetrates out from the side wall close to the tail end of the electrode catheter main body, the tail end of the electrode catheter cable is connected with a main machine connector, the monitoring probe is arranged in the electrode catheter main body and located at the front end of the electrode catheter main body, and the monitoring probe is connected with an external signal receiving device through a multi-way connector.
Further, according to the lung cancer treatment radiofrequency ablation electrode catheter, the electrode catheter body is a metal tube, threads are cut on the outer portion of the metal tube in a laser spiral mode, and an insulating layer covers the surfaces of the threads.
Further, the radiofrequency ablation electrode catheter for lung cancer treatment as described above, the threads on the exterior of the metal tube comprise end threads and middle threads, and the thread pitch of the end threads is 0.5 mm.
Further, according to the radiofrequency ablation electrode catheter for treating lung cancer, the insulating layer on the outer part of the electrode catheter main body is a biological coating.
Further, the multi-way joint has a diameter larger than that of the electrode catheter main body.
Furthermore, the multi-way joint and the electrode catheter body are in transition connection through the conical surface.
Further, the electrode catheter for radiofrequency ablation for lung cancer treatment has the main body with the outer diameter of 1.9mm and the inner diameter of 1.55 mm.
Further, the lung cancer treatment radiofrequency ablation electrode catheter is characterized in that the monitoring probe is an ultrasonic probe.
The radio frequency ablation electrode catheter for treating lung cancer provided by the embodiment of the invention can allow an ultrasonic probe to pass through the catheter, can realize ablation and detection at the same time, can reach any region of the lung along with a bronchoscope, does not need X-ray, does not need to withdraw the radio frequency ablation catheter back and forth, greatly reduces the operation time and avoids X-ray radiation. Therefore, the radiofrequency ablation catheter provided by the invention can monitor the ablation effect in real time, adjust the ablation parameters in real time, reduce the operation time, reduce the radiation and improve the ablation effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the RF ablation electrode catheter for treating lung cancer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the effective working area of the motor catheter body;
FIG. 3 is a second schematic view of the motor conduit body;
in the figure: 1-electrode catheter body, 2-electrode, 3-electrode catheter cable, 4-main machine joint, 5-multi-way joint, 11-middle thread and 12-end thread.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a radio frequency ablation electrode catheter for treating lung cancer according to the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the radio frequency ablation electrode catheter for treating lung cancer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an electrode catheter main body 1, an electrode 2 for generating a radio frequency signal is disposed at the front end of the electrode catheter main body 1, and a multi-way joint 5 is connected to the tail end of the electrode catheter main body 1;
an electrode catheter cable 3 connected with the electrode 2 is arranged in the electrode catheter main body 1 and penetrates out from the side wall close to the tail end of the electrode catheter main body 1;
the tail end of the electrode catheter cable 3 is connected with a host connector 4, a monitoring probe is arranged in the electrode catheter main body 1 and positioned at the front end of the electrode catheter main body, and the monitoring probe is connected with an external signal receiving device through the multi-way connector 5.
The radio frequency ablation electrode catheter for treating the lung cancer can allow an ultrasonic probe to pass through the inside of the radio frequency ablation electrode catheter, can realize ablation and detection at the same time, can reach any region of the lung along with a bronchoscope, does not need X-rays, does not need to withdraw the radio frequency ablation catheter back and forth, greatly reduces the operation time and avoids X-ray radiation. Therefore, the radiofrequency ablation catheter provided by the invention can monitor the ablation effect in real time, adjust the ablation parameters in real time, reduce the operation time, reduce the radiation and improve the ablation effect.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the effective working area of the main body of the motor catheter, which is shown in fig. 1, from the front section of the main body 1 of the electrode catheter to the front section of the through connector 5. The electrode catheter main body 1 is a metal tube, a thread is spirally cut on the outer portion of the metal tube by laser, and an insulating layer covers the surface of the thread.
The electrode catheter main body 1 of the embodiment of the invention adopts the metal pipe which has good conductivity, so that the ablation effect is better, and only the metal pipe is adopted, the electrode catheter main body can keep certain rigidity, and meanwhile, the screw thread is cut on the outer part of the electrode catheter main body by laser, so that the bending flexibility of the electrode catheter main body is better than that of the electrode catheter main body made of other materials; in addition, the thread structure can also ensure that the thread structure can freely move in the bronchoscope, so that the smoothness of the operation is further improved.
Preferably, the threads on the exterior of the metal pipe comprise an end thread 12 and a middle thread 11, the thread pitch of the end thread 12 being 0.5 mm. The invention can make the end part soft and bendable without damaging the trachea by adopting the distance. .
The embodiment of the invention can meet the requirement that the catheter adopts different curvatures under different operation conditions through the single-thread structure and the double-thread structure, thereby expanding the application environment of the ablation electrode catheter.
Preferably, the outer insulating layer of the electrode catheter body 1 is a bio-plating film.
The embodiment of the invention can ensure excellent insulation property and smooth performance by adopting the biological coating, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the use.
Preferably, the diameter of the multi-way joint 5 is larger than that of the electrode catheter main body 1, so that the multi-way joint 5 is convenient to install and the multi-way joint 5 is convenient to be connected with other components due to the small diameter of the electrode catheter main body 1.
Preferably, the multi-way joint 5 and the electrode catheter body 1 are in transition connection through a conical surface.
The radiofrequency ablation electrode catheter provided by the embodiment of the invention has smooth and excessive surface, no dead angle, difficulty in residual bacteria, convenience in cleaning, avoidance of secondary bacterial infection to a patient in the operation process, high safety and strong practicability due to adoption of transition connection.
Preferably, the electrode catheter body 1 has an outer diameter of 1.9mm and an inner diameter of 1.55 mm.
The radio frequency ablation electrode catheter provided by the embodiment of the invention has the outer diameter of 1.9mm, and can be suitable for the existing thin bronchoscope, so that the requirements of most endoscopes can be met, and the use environment of the radio frequency ablation electrode catheter is further expanded. The inner diameter is 1.55mm, and the inner dimension is enough for the ultrasonic probe to enter and exit, thereby realizing ablation and monitoring.
Preferably, the monitoring probe is an ultrasound probe.
The embodiment of the invention can reduce the damage of X-ray radiation to a patient by adopting the ultrasonic probe, and more importantly, can also improve the ablation effect.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter is characterized in that: the electrode catheter comprises an electrode catheter main body (1), wherein an electrode (2) for generating a radio frequency signal is arranged at the front end of the electrode catheter main body (1), and the tail end of the electrode catheter main body (1) is connected with a multi-way joint (5);
an electrode catheter cable (3) connected with the electrode (2) is arranged in the electrode catheter main body (1) and penetrates out from the side wall close to the tail end of the electrode catheter main body (1);
the tail end of the electrode catheter cable (3) is connected with a host connector (4), the monitoring probe is arranged in the electrode catheter main body (1) and located at the front end of the electrode catheter main body, and the monitoring probe is connected with an external signal receiving device through the multi-way connector (5).
2. The lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter as recited in claim 1, wherein: the electrode catheter body (1) is a metal tube, threads are spirally cut on the exterior of the metal tube by laser, and an insulating layer covers the surfaces of the threads.
3. The lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter as recited in claim 2, wherein: the threads on the outer portion of the metal pipe comprise end threads (12) and middle threads (11), and the thread pitch of the end threads (12) is 0.5 mm.
4. The lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter as recited in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the external insulating layer of the electrode catheter main body (1) is a biological coating.
5. The lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter as recited in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the diameter of the multi-way joint (5) is larger than that of the electrode catheter main body (1).
6. The lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter as recited in claim 5, wherein: the multi-way joint (5) is in transition connection with the electrode catheter main body (1) through a conical surface.
7. The lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter as recited in claim 5, wherein: the outer diameter of the electrode catheter main body (1) is 1.9mm, and the inner diameter is 1.55 mm.
8. The lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter as recited in claim 5, wherein: the monitoring probe is an ultrasonic probe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010213054.1A CN111407397A (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010213054.1A CN111407397A (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111407397A true CN111407397A (en) | 2020-07-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010213054.1A Pending CN111407397A (en) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Lung cancer treatment radio frequency ablation electrode catheter |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112716598A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-30 | 清华大学 | Heat ablation catheter with whole body protection layer and heat ablation device |
| CN114224473A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-25 | 上海玮琅医疗科技有限公司 | Radio frequency ablation catheter with function of identifying vascular wall |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101283925A (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2008-10-15 | 迈德医疗科技（上海）有限公司 | Radio frequency ablation electrode with ultrasound probe |
| CN102068308A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-05-25 | 黄晶 | Gradient array ultrasonic imaging guidance ablation catheter |
| WO2014012282A1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | 深圳市惠泰医疗器械有限公司 | Controllable renal artery radio-frequency ablation electrode catheter |
| CN103974663A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2014-08-06 | 阿西斯特医疗系统有限公司 | Catheters for imaging and ablating tissue |
| CN104548313A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-04-29 | 韦伯斯特生物官能(以色列)有限公司 | Catheter with cross-braided proximal section and helical-coiled distal end |
| CN106344150A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-01-25 | 常州朗合医疗器械有限公司 | Radiofrequency ablation catheter and system |
| CN106852704A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-16 | 上海安通医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of radio frequency ablation catheter for renal artery |
| CN109846548A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-07 | 浙江大学 | A kind of ultrasound and the two-in-one conduit of RF ablation of real-time monitoring |
-
2020
- 2020-03-24 CN CN202010213054.1A patent/CN111407397A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101283925A (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2008-10-15 | 迈德医疗科技（上海）有限公司 | Radio frequency ablation electrode with ultrasound probe |
| CN102068308A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-05-25 | 黄晶 | Gradient array ultrasonic imaging guidance ablation catheter |
| CN103974663A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2014-08-06 | 阿西斯特医疗系统有限公司 | Catheters for imaging and ablating tissue |
| WO2014012282A1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | 深圳市惠泰医疗器械有限公司 | Controllable renal artery radio-frequency ablation electrode catheter |
| CN104548313A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-04-29 | 韦伯斯特生物官能(以色列)有限公司 | Catheter with cross-braided proximal section and helical-coiled distal end |
| CN106852704A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-16 | 上海安通医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of radio frequency ablation catheter for renal artery |
| CN106344150A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-01-25 | 常州朗合医疗器械有限公司 | Radiofrequency ablation catheter and system |
| CN109846548A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-07 | 浙江大学 | A kind of ultrasound and the two-in-one conduit of RF ablation of real-time monitoring |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112716598A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-30 | 清华大学 | Heat ablation catheter with whole body protection layer and heat ablation device |
| CN114224473A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-25 | 上海玮琅医疗科技有限公司 | Radio frequency ablation catheter with function of identifying vascular wall |
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Application publication date: 20200714 |