CN111404394A - 变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置 - Google Patents

变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置 Download PDF

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CN111404394A
CN111404394A CN202010236182.8A CN202010236182A CN111404394A CN 111404394 A CN111404394 A CN 111404394A CN 202010236182 A CN202010236182 A CN 202010236182A CN 111404394 A CN111404394 A CN 111404394A
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frequency converter
bus voltage
power supply
circuit
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潘天堂
陈新
朱永东
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Changzhou Vocational Institute of Mechatronic Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/1552—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/1555—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit
    • H02M7/1557—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/1623—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit
    • H02M7/1626—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0012—Control circuits using digital or numerical techniques

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，它包括母线电压取样电路、单片机、功率放大电路和整流可控硅主电路；所述母线电压取样电路与单片机的输入端相连，所述母线电压取样电路用于采集变频器母线电压的大小；所述单片机的输出端与功率放大电路的输入端相连，所述功率放大电路的输出端与整流可控硅主电路相连，所述单片机通过功率放大电路驱动整流可控硅主电路以控制整流可控硅导通角的大小。本发明提供一种变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，采用单纯电子电路控制形式，将变频器或伺服驱动器的母线电压控制在较窄的范围内。

Description

变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，属于变频器技术领域。
背景技术
目前，变频器或伺服驱动器在工厂广泛采用，矢量控制是较精确的控制形式，输出电流和母线电压参与内部控制程序运算，所以稳定的母线直流电压尤其重要，目前通用技术方法是将母线电压控制在较宽的范围内(以AC380V输入为例，要求在DC350-800V间)，超过这个区间由驱动器报警久压或过压。
实际运行中，在变频器或伺服驱动器正常的情况下，久压出现的可能性很小；但因负载惯量特性、减速时间过短、多台驱动器的同步控制要求等实际使用条件等原因，过压出现的故障率很高。目前防止出现过压的方法是变频器内部采用一路IGBT加内置刹车电阻泄放电路，或在大功率变频器采用专门的制动模块加外置刹车电阻的方法，这种能耗制动防止过压的方法，主要缺点是能量损失大、母线电压波动范围过宽、刹车电阻发热大、不适合于较频繁的调整母线电压，只能作为一种电气安全措施，于精确控制没有作用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服现有技术的不足，提供一种变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，采用单纯电子电路控制形式，将变频器或伺服驱动器的母线电压控制在较窄的范围内。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：
一种变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，它包括母线电压取样电路、单片机、功率放大电路和整流可控硅主电路；
所述母线电压取样电路与单片机的输入端相连，所述母线电压取样电路用于采集变频器母线电压的大小；
所述单片机的输出端与功率放大电路的输入端相连，所述功率放大电路的输出端与整流可控硅主电路相连，所述单片机通过功率放大电路驱动整流可控硅主电路以控制整流可控硅导通角的大小。
进一步，所述单片机的输入端还接收变频器主板启停信号和减速时间参数。
进一步，所述母线电压取样电路包括高压电阻R1-R4、线性光藕U2、电源芯片U3和运算放大器U4，所述高压电阻R1-R4串联在PN母线的P端并与线性光藕U2的2脚相连，所述电源芯片U3的8脚连接变频器驱动下桥+16V电源，所述电源芯片U3的1脚为线性光藕U2的输入侧提供+5V电源，所述线性光藕U2的输出侧由变频器开关电源提供+5V电源，所述线性光藕U2的6脚、7脚分别与运算放大器U4的2脚、3脚相连，所述运算放大器U4由变频器开关电源提供+15V电源，所述运算放大器U4的1脚连接单片机的6脚，将母线电压取样信号传输至单片机U1。
进一步，所述功率放大电路包括三极管Q1、光耦U7和U8，所述三极管Q1的基极与单片机U1的39脚相连，所述三极管Q1的发射极由变频器开关电源提供+5V电源，所述三极管Q1的集电极与光耦U7和U8的输入端相连，所述光耦U7和U8的输出端分别连接整流可控硅主电路。
进一步，所述整流可控硅主电路包括整流电路和IGBT模块。
采用了上述技术方案，本发明具有以下的有益效果：
1、本发明通过控制每个可控硅的导通角大小，主动调节母线电压，将其控制在较窄的区间范围内，有效避免电机被拖发电状态或大惯量负载停机时的过压报警发生。
2、通过单片机控制整流可控硅，保证了更加准确的矢量控制。
3、省去大功率刹车电阻和专用刹车模块，节约设备生产成本。
4、避免能耗制动，节约电力资源和运行成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置的原理框图；
图2为本发明的整流可控硅主电路的电路原理图；
图3为本发明的母线电压取样电路的电路原理图；
图4为本发明的单片机的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚地理解，下面根据具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示，一种变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，它包括母线电压取样电路、单片机U1、功率放大电路和整流可控硅主电路，母线电压取样电路与单片机U1的输入端相连，母线电压取样电路用于采集变频器母线电压的大小。
母线电压取样电路获得变频器母线电压信号后，同来自变频器主板的启停信号和减速时间参数一起发送给单片机U1，单片机U1再经功率放大电路驱动整流可控硅主电路的可控硅控制端，以控制整流可控硅导通角的大小，运行初始阶段，导通角逐渐加大起缓冲作用，减少主电路功率电容充电电流；运行过程中，母线电压上升则减小导通角，母线电压下降则增大导通角；减速停机过程中，与变频器设置的停机减速时间相配合，经单片机U1计算，而确定减小导通角的速度和最终完全关闭可控硅的时间。
利用变频器内置功率电容的大容量特性，在整流主电路中PN母线两端各串联一排高压电阻R1-R4得到母线取样电压，此电压输入给单片机U1，单片机U1的输出端经功率放大电路处理后，控制桥式整流可控硅的导通角，母线取样电压提高时减小导通角，母线取样电压下降时增大导通角，起到变频器正常运行过程中稳定电压的作用。
在变频器启动过程中，来自变频器控制主板的启动信号输入给整流可控硅主电路，让导通角开启至最大，避免欠压的可能；减速停机过程中，整流可控硅主电路得到变频器的停机信号而主动逐渐关闭导通角，使整流主电路中供电断开，减少导通角的速度与最终关闭可控制硅的时间，需与变频器设置的停机减速时间相配合，经单片机内部程序计算而定。
如图3所示，母线电压取样电路包括高压电阻R1-R4、线性光藕U2、电源芯片U3和运算放大器U4，高压电阻R1-R4串联在PN母线的P端并与线性光藕U2的2脚相连，电源芯片U3的8脚连接变频器驱动下桥+16V电源，电源芯片U3的1脚为线性光藕U2的输入侧提供+5V电源，线性光藕U2的输出侧由变频器开关电源提供+5V电源，线性光藕U2的6脚、7脚分别与运算放大器U4的2脚、3脚相连，运算放大器U4由变频器开关电源提供+15V电源，运算放大器U4的1脚连接单片机的6脚，将母线电压取样信号传输至单片机U1。高压电阻R1-R4的型号为2203，线性光藕型U2号为A7840的，电源芯片U3型号为78L05，运算放大器U4型号为LF393。来自PN母线的直流电压经高压电阻R1-R4减压后输入给线性光藕U2的2脚，1脚与4脚为线性光藕U2的输入侧电源，该输入侧电源由变频器驱动下桥+16V经电源芯片U3转变为+5V稳定电压来提供，此电压与N共地，线性光藕U2的输出侧电源为5脚与8脚，其与输入侧电源相隔离，线性光藕U2的2脚电压发生变化时，线性光藕U2的6、7脚电压随即发生相应变化，并输出给运算放大器U4的同相与反相输入端，运算放大器U4的1脚输出DCOUT给单片机U1，进行进一步的信号控制。
如图4所示，单片机U1型号为80C51，单片机U1的输出端与功率放大电路的输入端相连，功率放大电路的输出端与整流可控硅主电路相连，单片机U1通过功率放大电路驱动整流可控硅主电路以控制整流可控硅导通角的大小。功率放大电路包括三极管Q1、光耦U7和U8，三极管Q1的基极与单片机U1的39脚相连，三极管Q1的发射极由变频器开关电源提供+5V电源，三极管Q1的集电极与光耦U7和U8的输入端相连，光耦U7和U8的输出端分别连接整流可控硅主电路。单片机U1的+5V电源来自于变频器开关电源，X1与X2作为变频器主板启停信号输入信号，运算放大器U4的1脚的输出信号DCOUT也作为单片机的输入信号，变频器主板设置的减速时间参数则通过通讯总线传输给单片机U1的10脚和11脚。三极管Q1作为一个受单片机U1控制的电子开关，其作用是在单片机U1程序让其起作用时，才接通两路光耦U7、U8输出的初级电路，以减少电路板的耗电量与发热量，同时也增加电子元件使用寿命。两路光耦U7、U8最终驱动图2中的整流可控硅主电路的控制端g1-g6，以达到控制导通角的作用。
如图2所示，整流可控硅主电路包括整流电路和IGBT逆变器模块，整流电路采用上下桥可控硅全桥整流形式，IGBT模块型号为BSM200GD60DLC，整流控制端g1-g6得到来自于单片机U1的可变占空比的PWM矩形波，以控制每个可控硅的导通角大小，以达到变频器母线电压可控的目的，以AC380V输入为例，将母线电压控制在DC520V-600V间较为合适，从而达到较可靠的矢量控制效果；另一方面，本发明可以省略传统变频器的制动模块和大功率刹车电阻，达到降低设备生产成本和减少工作能耗的作用。本发明采用整流和逆变分开的形式，从而对整流实现自动控制。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明解决的技术问题、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，其特征在于：它包括母线电压取样电路、单片机、功率放大电路和整流可控硅主电路；
所述母线电压取样电路与单片机的输入端相连，所述母线电压取样电路用于采集变频器母线电压的大小；
所述单片机的输出端与功率放大电路的输入端相连，所述功率放大电路的输出端与整流可控硅主电路相连，所述单片机通过功率放大电路驱动整流可控硅主电路以控制整流可控硅导通角的大小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，其特征在于：所述单片机的输入端还接收变频器主板启停信号和减速时间参数。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，其特征在于：所述母线电压取样电路包括高压电阻R1-R4、线性光藕U2、电源芯片U3和运算放大器U4，所述高压电阻R1-R4串联在PN母线的P端并与线性光藕U2的2脚相连，所述电源芯片U3的8脚连接变频器驱动下桥+16V电源，所述电源芯片U3的1脚为线性光藕U2的输入侧提供+5V电源，所述线性光藕U2的输出侧由变频器开关电源提供+5V电源，所述线性光藕U2的6脚、7脚分别与运算放大器U4的2脚、3脚相连，所述运算放大器U4由变频器开关电源提供+15V电源，所述运算放大器U4的1脚连接单片机的6脚，将母线电压取样信号传输至单片机U1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，其特征在于：所述功率放大电路包括三极管Q1、光耦U7和U8，所述三极管Q1的基极与单片机U1的39脚相连，所述三极管Q1的发射极由变频器开关电源提供+5V电源，所述三极管Q1的集电极与光耦U7和U8的输入端相连，所述光耦U7和U8的输出端分别连接整流可控硅主电路。
5.根据权利要求1所述的变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置，其特征在于：所述整流可控硅主电路包括整流电路和IGBT模块。
CN202010236182.8A 2020-03-30 2020-03-30 变频器母线电压主动型稳定装置 Pending CN111404394A (zh)

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