CN111404253A - Hybrid power system - Google Patents
Hybrid power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111404253A CN111404253A CN202010379780.0A CN202010379780A CN111404253A CN 111404253 A CN111404253 A CN 111404253A CN 202010379780 A CN202010379780 A CN 202010379780A CN 111404253 A CN111404253 A CN 111404253A
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- fuel cell
- unidirectional
- storage battery
- control module
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid power system, which comprises a fuel cell, a storage battery, a fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, a storage battery unidirectional conduction module, a unidirectional direct-current voltage reduction module and a control module, wherein the output end of the fuel cell is connected to a load through the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, the storage battery is connected to the load through the storage battery unidirectional conduction module, the input end of the unidirectional direct-current voltage reduction module is connected with the output end of the fuel cell, the output end of the unidirectional direct-current voltage reduction module is connected with the storage battery, and the control module is respectively connected with the fuel cell, the storage battery, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module and the. When the power required by the load changes, the output power of the fuel cell does not need to be adjusted, the fluctuation of the output power of the fuel cell is reduced, the stability of the internal state of the fuel cell is maintained, the output performance of the fuel cell and the dynamic response of the load power are improved, and the structural complexity and the control complexity of the system are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a new energy device, in particular to a hybrid power system.
Background
Along with the development of unmanned aerial vehicle technique, the demand of application fields such as survey and drawing, security protection, emergent, agriculture and forestry, patrol and examine increases day by day, and the demand of time of endurance also constantly promotes. The endurance time provided by the existing widely-applied lithium polymer battery gradually approaches the limit, the endurance time of a general multi-rotor aircraft can reach about 1 hour, and the endurance time of a fixed-wing aircraft can reach about 4 hours, so that other alternative technologies are urgently needed to provide longer endurance time.
The endurance limit provided by the existing lithium polymer battery is determined by the mass specific energy thereof, and the existing lithium polymer battery material technology gradually approaches the physical limit thereof, reaching 200-. The energy storage material adopted by the existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell is hydrogen, has extremely high mass specific energy, and considers the increased mass of the existing hydrogen storage technology, and the final comprehensive mass specific energy of the system can still reach more than 600-.
Because the voltage change amplitude of the fuel cell is large when the current is changed greatly, the efficiency is low under the working condition of high power output, the fuel cell and the lithium polymer battery or other types of storage battery packs with small voltage change are combined into a hybrid power system, and the comprehensive improvement of the endurance time and the instantaneous power can be realized according to the application requirements. Except that foretell long endurance unmanned aerial vehicle uses, the hybrid power system of fuel cell and battery needs to be used to other application fields such as automobile-used, emergent stand-by power supply in addition.
Because the weight ratio energy of the storage battery is low, the storage battery is mainly used as a temporary energy storage component and needs to be continuously charged and discharged in the operation process, so that the storage battery and the fuel cell are connected in parallel in a hybrid power system, and the storage battery can be used as a power supply to supply power to a load and can also be used as the load to be charged by the fuel cell or a kinetic energy recovery mode and the like. In addition, because the voltage change of the storage battery is small, the voltage change of the fuel cell is large, and a power hybrid control strategy needs to be designed according to the power requirement of the load, so that the voltage matching between the storage battery and the load is ensured. In order to realize voltage matching, the prior art mainly adopts a direct current transformation module or other modes. According to the arrangement of the dc transformer module in the hybrid system, the hybrid system can be classified into the following four categories: fuel cell side voltage transformation, battery side voltage transformation, double side voltage transformation and no voltage transformation.
As shown in fig. 2, the battery side voltage transformation: the energy output end of the fuel cell is directly connected with the load, and the storage battery is connected with the load through the direct current transformation module. Because the output and input power of the storage battery pass through the direct current transformation module, the specification and the weight of the direct current transformation module are large, energy conversion loss exists, and the cost of the bidirectional direct current transformation module is higher than that of the unidirectional direct current transformation module.
As shown in fig. 3, double-sided voltage transformation: the fuel cell and the storage battery are respectively connected with the load through the direct current voltage transformation module, the most complex power hybrid control strategy can be realized, and the power requirement of the load is met. Because the output power of the fuel cell and the storage battery passes through the direct current transformation module, the specification and the weight of the direct current transformation module are large, energy conversion loss exists, and in addition, the cost, the weight and the power loss of the system are improved by more system components.
As shown in fig. 4, there is no transformation: the fuel cell and the storage battery are not required to be connected to a load through a direct current transformation module, meanwhile, the connection state of the fuel cell and the connection state of the storage battery to the load are controlled through schemes such as a module switch, and the like, or the voltages of the fuel cell and the storage battery are matched, and the technical schemes put higher requirements on a control system or battery performance parameters. In addition, the operating state of the fuel cell changes at a slow rate, and the rapidly changing load consumes power, which results in a decrease in the performance of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a hybrid power system which reduces the overall complexity, weight and cost of the system and avoids the reduction of the output performance of a fuel cell caused by the rapid change of load power consumption on the premise of meeting the requirements of power hybrid functions such as energy supply of the fuel cell and energy storage of a storage battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a hybrid power system, which comprises a fuel cell, a storage battery, a fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, a storage battery unidirectional conduction module, a unidirectional direct-current voltage reduction module and a control module, wherein the output end of the fuel cell is connected to a load through the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module;
the control module is at least used for detecting the voltage and/or the current of the fuel cell and the storage battery respectively;
the control module is at least used for controlling the opening and closing of the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module;
the control module is at least used for controlling the on and off of the storage battery one-way conduction module;
the control module is at least used for controlling the opening and closing of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module and inputting a voltage tracking value;
the hybrid power system works at least in a normal operation mode, in the normal operation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module are all in an open state, and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module adjusts electric energy absorbed from the fuel cell in real time according to the input voltage tracking value transmitted by the control module so that the output voltage of the fuel cell approaches the input voltage tracking value all the time.
As one of preferable aspects of the present invention, the hybrid system is further operated at least in an active mode, the hybrid system is capable of switching between the normal operation mode and the active mode, and when the control module detects that the actual output voltage of the fuel cell is lower than the standard voltage reference data thereof, the hybrid system is shifted from the normal operation mode to the active mode;
in the activation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module is in a closed state, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module are both in an open state, and the control module controls an input voltage tracking value transmitted to the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module, so that the electric energy power absorbed by the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module from the fuel cell is matched with a control system of the fuel cell.
As one preferable aspect of the present invention, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module defaults to an on state in a case where the control signal of the control module is not received.
As one preferable aspect of the present invention, the battery unidirectional-conduction module defaults to an on state when the control signal of the control module is not received.
As one preferable aspect of the present invention, the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module defaults to an on state when the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module does not receive the control signal of the control module.
As one preferable scheme of the invention, the input voltage tracking value output by the control module changes correspondingly according to the change of the load working condition.
As one of the preferable schemes of the invention, the control module further comprises a data acquisition module for data acquisition.
As one of preferable schemes of the present invention, the control module further includes a data transmission module for data transmission, the control module sends at least data acquisition information and system operation information to the outside of the hybrid power system through the data transmission module, and the control module receives information from the outside of the hybrid power system according to the data transmission module.
As one preferable scheme of the present invention, when the control module cannot or abnormally output the input voltage tracking value to the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module, the input voltage tracking value of the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module is set to a preset default value.
As one preferable scheme of the present invention, an additional unidirectional conduction module is connected between the output end of the fuel cell and the input end of the unidirectional dc step-down module, an energy recovery unidirectional conduction module is connected between the input end of the load and the input end of the unidirectional dc step-down module, and the additional unidirectional conduction module and the energy recovery unidirectional conduction module are respectively connected to the control module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
1) in the normal operation mode of the invention, the input voltage of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module is an input voltage tracking value to adjust the power charged by the fuel cell to the storage battery, when the consumed power of the load fluctuates, the power charged by the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module to the storage battery reversely fluctuates, the power output by the fuel cell is the sum of the fluctuating load power and the reversely fluctuating charging power, and the fluctuation and the reverse fluctuation are mutually compensated, in other words, the power boost required by the load at the moment is not provided by the increase of the output power of the fuel cell, but provided by the reduction of the charging power of the direct current voltage reduction module, so that the output voltage of the fuel cell is ensured to be stable, namely the output voltage of the fuel cell always approaches the input voltage tracking value, the output power of the fuel cell is relatively constant, the stability of the internal state of the fuel cell is maintained, and the output performance of the fuel cell and the dynamic response, the structural complexity and the control complexity of the system are reduced.
2) In the activation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module is closed, the fuel cell stops directly supplying electric energy to the load through the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module is opened, the storage battery directly supplies all required electric energy to the load through the storage battery unidirectional conduction module, the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module is opened, the control module can control the electric energy power absorbed by the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module from the fuel cell by controlling the input voltage tracking value of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module, and the control module is matched with a control system of the fuel cell to realize the activation operation of the fuel cell, so that the internal state of the fuel cell is periodically improved, the output performance of the fuel cell is improved, and the normal operation and the power consumption of the load are not influenced.
3) The invention not only realizes the power mixing of the fuel cell and the storage battery, but also reduces the weight (mainly the weight of the voltage transformation module), the cost (mainly the cost of the voltage transformation module) and the structural complexity of the hybrid power system.
4) The main power circuit from the output end of the fuel cell to the input end of the load is provided with only one fuel cell unidirectional conduction module which is used for preventing the fuel cell from being reversely charged by the load and the storage battery; the storage battery is connected to the load through the storage battery unidirectional conduction module, so that the power output from the storage battery to the load is realized, the weight, cost and power loss required by the bidirectional direct current transformation module at the side of the storage battery are avoided, meanwhile, the direct charging from the fuel battery to the storage battery and the direct reverse charging from the load to the storage battery are avoided, the fuel battery is ensured to have less output power to charge the storage battery through the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module, and the requirement on the charging performance of the storage battery is lowered; in order to realize the voltage matching between the fuel cell and the storage battery, a unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module is adopted between the fuel cell and the storage battery, the output characteristic of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module is voltage stabilization and current limiting output, and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module only converts and transmits a small amount of output power of the fuel cell to the storage battery, so that the specification, the weight, the cost and the power consumption of the direct current voltage transformation module are reduced.
5) The invention only adopts the voltage reduction module with lower cost, but not the voltage boosting-voltage reduction module with higher cost, and saves the straight-through module and the selection module, thereby reducing the overall weight, complexity and cost of the system; meanwhile, the fuel cell is stopped to charge the storage battery under the condition of medium power, and the storage battery is charged only under the conditions of low power and high efficiency, so that the overall comprehensive efficiency of the system is actually improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a fuel cell side-variable voltage hybrid power system in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a battery-side voltage transformation hybrid power system in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a basic configuration of a double-side voltage transformation hybrid power system in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a basic configuration of a hybrid system without a variable voltage in the prior art;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a hybrid system disclosed in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of the invention in an operating state of a hybrid system in an activation mode;
FIG. 7 shows that in the prior art, when the unidirectional DC voltage reduction module is not in the input voltage tracking mode, the output power of the fuel cell varies with the load fluctuation;
fig. 8 shows that in the normal operation mode, when the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module is set to the input voltage tracking mode, the output power of the fuel cell is kept constant in the embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a basic structure of a hybrid system disclosed in embodiment 2 of the present invention (a control module is omitted).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a hybrid power system, which comprises a fuel cell, a storage battery, a fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, a storage battery unidirectional conduction module, a unidirectional direct-current voltage reduction module and a control module, wherein the output end of the fuel cell is connected to a load through the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module;
the control module is at least used for detecting the voltage and/or the current of the fuel cell and the storage battery respectively;
the control module is at least used for controlling the opening and closing of the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module;
the control module is at least used for controlling the on and off of the storage battery one-way conduction module;
the control module is at least used for controlling the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module to be switched on and switched off and setting an input voltage tracking value;
the hybrid power system works at least in a normal operation mode, in the normal operation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module are all in an open state, and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module adjusts electric energy absorbed from the fuel cell in real time according to the input voltage tracking value transmitted by the control module so that the output voltage of the fuel cell approaches the input voltage tracking value all the time.
As one of the preferable schemes of the present invention, the hybrid system also operates in at least an activation mode, the hybrid system can be switched between the normal operation mode and the activation mode, at least when the control module detects that the actual output voltage of the fuel cell is lower than the standard voltage reference data, the normal operation mode is switched to the activation mode, and can be switched to the normal operation mode again, and the switching of the normal operation mode to the activation mode can also occur due to other reasons such as external control commands;
in the activation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module is in a closed state, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module are both in an open state, and the control module controls an input voltage tracking value transmitted to the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module, so that the electric energy power absorbed by the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module from the fuel cell is matched with a control system of the fuel cell.
As one preferable aspect of the present invention, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module defaults to an on state in the absence of receiving the control signal of the control module, that is, current can only flow from the fuel cell to the load through the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module.
As one preferable aspect of the present invention, the battery unidirectional-conduction module defaults to an on state when the control signal of the control module is not received, that is, current can only flow from the battery to the load through the battery unidirectional-conduction module.
As one preferable aspect of the present invention, the unidirectional dc step-down module defaults to an on state when the control signal of the control module is not received, that is, the surplus electric energy output by the fuel cell is stepped down by the unidirectional dc step-down module to charge the battery.
As one preferable scheme of the invention, the input voltage tracking value output by the control module changes correspondingly according to the change of the load working condition.
As one of the preferable schemes of the invention, the control module further comprises a data acquisition module for data acquisition. The data acquisition module includes any one or a combination of two or more of a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor, but is not limited thereto.
As one of the preferable schemes of the present invention, the control module further includes a data transmission module for data transmission, the control module sends at least data acquisition information and system operation information to the outside of the hybrid power system through the data transmission module, and the control module executes a specified operation according to an external instruction received by the data transmission module, including but not limited to switching of the operation mode of the hybrid power system, switching of the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, switching of the storage battery unidirectional conduction module, switching of the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module, and setting of an input voltage tracking value.
As one preferable scheme of the present invention, when the control module cannot or abnormally output the input voltage tracking value to the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module, the input voltage tracking value of the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module is set to a preset default value.
As one preferable aspect of the present invention, an additional unidirectional conduction module is connected between the output end of the fuel cell and the input end of the unidirectional dc step-down module, current can be allowed to flow from the fuel cell to the input end of the unidirectional dc step-down module through the additional unidirectional conduction module, an energy recovery unidirectional conduction module is connected between the input end of the load and the input end of the unidirectional dc step-down module, and the additional unidirectional conduction module and the energy recovery unidirectional conduction module are respectively connected to the control module. And allowing current to flow from the input end of the load to the input end of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module through the energy recovery unidirectional conduction module. The control module also controls at least switches of the additional unidirectional conducting module and the energy recovery unidirectional conducting module.
Through the technical scheme, in the embodiment of the invention, in a normal operation mode, the control module transmits a signal-input voltage tracking value to the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module, the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module adjusts the power of the fuel cell for charging the storage battery according to the input voltage tracking value after receiving the signal-input voltage tracking value, when the consumed power of the load fluctuates, the power of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module for charging the storage battery reversely fluctuates, the power output by the fuel cell is the sum of the fluctuating load power and the reversely fluctuating charging power, and the fluctuation and the reverse fluctuation compensate each other, in other words, the power increase required by the load at the moment is not provided by the increase of the output power of the fuel cell but provided by the reduction of the charging power of the direct current voltage reduction module, so that the output voltage of the fuel cell is ensured to be stable, namely the output voltage of the fuel cell always approaches the input voltage tracking value of the direct current, the output power of the fuel cell is relatively constant, the stability of the internal state of the fuel cell is maintained, the output performance of the fuel cell and the dynamic response performance of a load are improved, and the structural complexity and the control complexity of a system are reduced.
In a normal operation mode, when the control module fails to or abnormally outputs the input voltage tracking value to the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module, the input voltage tracking value of the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module is set to a preset default value. The unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module operates according to a preset input voltage tracking value, and when the consumed power of a load fluctuates, the charging power of the storage battery still fluctuates reversely correspondingly to maintain the output voltage stability of the fuel cell, so that the output power of the fuel cell is relatively constant.
In the embodiment of the invention, in the activation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module is closed, the fuel cell stops directly supplying electric energy to the load through the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module is opened, the storage battery directly supplies all required electric energy to the load through the storage battery unidirectional conduction module, the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module is opened, and the control module can control the input voltage tracking value of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module so as to control the electric energy power absorbed by the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module (or the storage battery) from the fuel cell to be matched with a control system of the fuel cell, so that the activation operation of the fuel cell can be realized, the internal state of the fuel cell is periodically improved, the output performance of the fuel cell is improved, and the normal operation and the power consumption of the load are not influenced.
The embodiment of the invention not only realizes the power mixing of the fuel cell and the storage battery, but also reduces the weight (mainly the weight of the voltage transformation module), the cost (mainly the cost of the voltage transformation module) and the structural complexity of the hybrid power system.
The main power circuit from the output end of the fuel cell to the input end of the load is provided with only one fuel cell one-way conduction module which is used for preventing the fuel cell from being reversely charged by the load and the storage battery; the storage battery is connected to the load through the storage battery unidirectional conduction module, so that the power output from the storage battery to the load is realized, the weight, cost and power loss required by the bidirectional direct current transformation module at the side of the storage battery are avoided, meanwhile, the direct charging from the fuel battery to the storage battery and the direct reverse charging from the load to the storage battery are avoided, the fuel battery is ensured to have less output power to charge the storage battery through the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module, and the requirement on the charging performance of the storage battery is lowered; in order to realize the voltage matching between the fuel cell and the storage battery, a unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module is adopted between the fuel cell and the storage battery, the output characteristic of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module is voltage stabilization and current limiting output, and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module only converts and transmits a small amount of output power of the fuel cell to the storage battery, so that the specification, the weight, the cost and the power consumption of the direct current voltage transformation module are reduced.
The invention only adopts the voltage reduction module with lower cost, but not the voltage boosting-voltage reduction module with higher cost, and saves the straight-through module and the selection module, thereby reducing the overall weight, complexity and cost of the system; meanwhile, the fuel cell is stopped to charge the storage battery under the condition of medium power, and the storage battery is charged only under the conditions of low power and high efficiency, so that the overall comprehensive efficiency of the system is actually improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the accompanying drawings 5-9 and the specific embodiments 1-2:
example 1:
as shown in fig. 5, embodiment 1 of the present invention discloses a hybrid power system, including a fuel cell 1, a storage battery 2, a fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3, a storage battery unidirectional conduction module 4, a unidirectional dc step-down module 5, and a control module 6, an output end of the fuel cell 1 is connected to a load 7 through the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3, the storage battery 2 is connected to the load 7 through the storage battery unidirectional conduction module 4, an input end of the unidirectional dc step-down module 5 is connected to an output end of the fuel cell 1, an output end of the unidirectional dc step-down module 5 is connected to the storage battery 2, and the control module 6 is respectively connected to the fuel cell 1, the storage battery 2, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module 4, and the unidirectional dc step-down;
wherein the control module 6 is at least used for respectively detecting the voltage and/or the current of the fuel cell 1 and the storage battery 2;
the control module 6 is at least used for controlling the opening and closing of the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3;
the control module 6 is at least used for controlling the on and off of the storage battery one-way conduction module 4;
the control module 6 is at least used for controlling the opening and closing of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module 5 and inputting a voltage tracking value;
the hybrid power system works at least in a normal operation mode, in the normal operation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module 4 and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module 5 are all in an open state, and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module 5 adjusts electric energy absorbed from the fuel cell 1 in real time according to an input voltage tracking value transmitted by the control module 6, so that the output voltage of the fuel cell 1 approaches to the input voltage tracking value all the time.
When the consumed power of the load 7 fluctuates, the power charged to the storage battery 2 by the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module 5 reversely fluctuates, the power output by the fuel cell 1 is the sum of the fluctuating load 7 power and the reversely fluctuating charging power, the fluctuations and the counter-fluctuations compensate each other, in other words, the power boost instantaneously required by the load 7 is not provided by an increase in the output power of the fuel cell 1, but is provided by the reduction of the charging power of the direct current voltage reduction module, thus ensuring the output voltage of the fuel cell to be stable, that is, the output voltage of the fuel cell always approaches the input voltage tracking value, so that the output power of the fuel cell is relatively constant (as shown in fig. 8, the output power of the fuel cell 1 is a straight line), meanwhile, the stability of the internal state of the fuel cell is maintained, the output performance of the fuel cell 1 and the dynamic response performance of the load 7 are improved, and the structural complexity and the control complexity of the system are reduced.
In the normal operation mode, when the control module 6 is in an abnormal condition that the input voltage tracking value cannot be or abnormally output to the unidirectional dc voltage-reducing module 5, the input voltage tracking value of the unidirectional dc voltage-reducing module 5 is a preset default value thereof, the unidirectional dc voltage-reducing module 5 operates according to a preset "input voltage tracking value", and when the power consumption of the load 7 fluctuates, the charging power of the storage battery 2 still fluctuates reversely due to the fluctuation of the power consumption of the load 7, so as to maintain the output voltage of the fuel cell 1 stable, and thus the output power of the fuel cell 1 is relatively constant (as shown in fig. 8).
Contrary to the prior art, there is no setting of the "input voltage tracking value", the charging power of the battery 2 is constant, and when the consumed power of the load 7 fluctuates, the power output by the fuel cell 1 is the sum of the fluctuating load 7 power and the constant charging power, and the power output by the fuel cell 1 is unstable or fluctuates (as shown in fig. 7), so that the output performance of the fuel cell 1 and the dynamic response performance of the load 7 are naturally reduced.
To sum up, in the normal operation mode, no matter the control module 6 outputs the input voltage tracking value to the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module 5 in real time, or the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module 5 operates according to the preset "input voltage tracking value", the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module 5 has the setting of the "input voltage tracking value", the output voltage of the fuel cell 1 is stable, that is, the output power of the fuel cell 1 is relatively constant, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the whole system.
The hybrid system also operates in at least an active mode, the hybrid system being capable of switching between a normal operating mode and an active mode, the normal operating mode being switched to the active mode at least when the control module 6 detects that the actual output voltage of the fuel cell 1 is below its standard voltage reference data;
as shown in fig. 6, in the activation mode, the battery unidirectional conduction module 4 and the unidirectional dc step-down module 5 are both in the on state, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3 is in the off state, and the control module 6 controls the input voltage tracking value transmitted to the unidirectional dc step-down module 5, so that the electric power absorbed by the unidirectional dc step-down module 5 from the fuel cell 1 matches with the control system of the fuel cell 1 itself.
In an activation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3 is closed, the fuel cell 1 stops directly supplying electric energy to the load 7 through the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module 4 is opened, the storage battery 2 directly supplies all required electric energy to the load 7 through the storage battery unidirectional conduction module 4, the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module 5 is opened, the control module 6 can control the electric energy power absorbed by the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module 5 from the fuel cell 1 by controlling an input voltage tracking value and is matched with a control system of the fuel cell 1, the activation operation of the fuel cell 1 can be realized, the internal state of the fuel cell 1 is periodically improved, the output performance of the fuel cell 1 is improved, and the normal operation and the power consumption of the load 7 are not influenced.
The fuel cell unidirectional flux module 3 defaults to an on state in the absence of receiving a control signal from the control module 6, i.e., current can only flow from the fuel cell 1 to the load 7 through the fuel cell unidirectional flux module 3. The fuel cell unidirectional conducting module 3 is switched to the off state when receiving the off signal of the control module 6, that is, the current between the fuel cell 1 and the load 7 cannot pass through the fuel cell unidirectional conducting module 3 in both the positive direction and the negative direction.
The battery unidirectional current flow module 4 defaults to an open state in the absence of a control signal received from the control module 6, i.e. current can only flow from the battery 2 through the battery unidirectional current flow module 4 to the load 7. The battery unidirectional conducting module 4 is switched to a closed state when receiving a closing signal of the control module 6, that is, the current between the battery 2 and the load 7 cannot pass through the battery unidirectional conducting module 4 in both the positive direction and the negative direction.
The unidirectional dc voltage reduction module 5 defaults to an on state when the control signal of the control module 6 is not received, that is, surplus electric energy output by the fuel cell 1 is reduced in voltage by the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module 5 to charge the battery 2. The unidirectional dc voltage reduction module 5 switches to the off state when receiving the off signal of the control module 6, that is, the fuel cell 1 does not charge the battery 2 through the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module 5.
The input voltage tracking value output by the control module 6 changes according to the working condition change of the load 7.
The control module 6 also comprises a data acquisition module for data acquisition. The data acquisition module includes any one or a combination of two or more of a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor and an air pressure sensor, but is not limited thereto.
The control module 6 further comprises a data transmission module for data transmission, and the control module 6 at least sends data acquisition information and system operation information to the outside of the hybrid power system through the data transmission module. The control module 6 executes specified operations including, but not limited to, switching of the operation mode of the hybrid power system, switching of the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3, switching of the battery unidirectional conduction module 4, switching of the unidirectional direct current step-down module 5, and setting of the input voltage tracking value according to the external instruction received by the data transmission module.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 9, embodiment 2 of the present invention discloses a hybrid power system, in embodiment 2, an additional unidirectional conducting module 8 and an energy recovery unidirectional conducting module 9 are added on the basis of embodiment 1, wherein an additional unidirectional conducting module 8 is connected between an output end of a fuel cell 1 and an input end of a unidirectional dc voltage-reducing module 5, an energy recovery unidirectional conducting module 9 is connected between an input end of a load 7 and an input end of the unidirectional dc voltage-reducing module 5, and a control module 6 controls switches of the additional unidirectional conducting module 8 and the energy recovery unidirectional conducting module 9. The energy recovery unidirectional conducting module 9 allows current to flow from the input of the load 7 to the input of the unidirectional dc voltage reduction module 5. The fuel cell unidirectional conduction module 3, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module 4 and the additional unidirectional conduction module 8 have the function of stopping current flow.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A hybrid powertrain characterized by: the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell, a storage battery, a fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, a storage battery unidirectional conduction module, a unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module and a control module, wherein the output end of the fuel cell is connected to a load through the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module;
the control module is at least used for detecting the voltage and/or the current of the fuel cell and the storage battery respectively;
the control module is at least used for controlling the opening and closing of the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module;
the control module is at least used for controlling the on and off of the storage battery one-way conduction module;
the control module is at least used for controlling the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module to be switched on and switched off and setting an input voltage tracking value;
the hybrid power system works at least in a normal operation mode, in the normal operation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module are all in an open state, and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module adjusts electric energy absorbed from the fuel cell in real time according to the input voltage tracking value transmitted by the control module so that the output voltage of the fuel cell approaches the input voltage tracking value all the time.
2. A hybrid powertrain, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hybrid system is also operated in at least an active mode, the hybrid system is capable of switching between the normal operation mode and the active mode, and the hybrid system is switched from the normal operation mode to the active mode at least when the control module detects that the actual output voltage of the fuel cell is lower than the standard voltage reference data;
in the activation mode, the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module is in a closed state, the storage battery unidirectional conduction module and the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module are both in an open state, and the control module controls an input voltage tracking value transmitted to the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module, so that the electric energy power absorbed by the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module from the fuel cell is matched with a control system of the fuel cell.
3. A hybrid powertrain, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fuel cell unidirectional conduction module defaults to an open state under the condition that the control signal of the control module is not received.
4. A hybrid powertrain, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the storage battery unidirectional conduction module is in an opening state by default under the condition that the control signal of the control module is not received.
5. A hybrid powertrain, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module is in an opening state by default under the condition that the control signal of the control module is not received.
6. A hybrid powertrain, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the input voltage tracking value output by the control module changes correspondingly according to the change of the load working condition.
7. A hybrid powertrain, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the control module also comprises a data acquisition module for data acquisition.
8. A hybrid powertrain, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the control module further comprises a data transmission module for data transmission, the control module at least sends data acquisition information and system operation information to the outside of the hybrid power system through the data transmission module, and the control module receives the information of the outside of the hybrid power system according to the data transmission module.
9. A hybrid powertrain, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the control module cannot or abnormally output the input voltage tracking value to the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module, the input voltage tracking value of the unidirectional direct current voltage reduction module is set to be a preset default value.
10. A hybrid system according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein: an additional one-way conduction module is connected between the output end of the fuel cell and the input end of the one-way direct current voltage reduction module, an energy recovery one-way conduction module is connected between the input end of the load and the input end of the one-way direct current voltage reduction module, and the additional one-way conduction module and the energy recovery one-way conduction module are respectively connected with the control module.
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| CN202010379780.0A CN111404253A (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2020-05-08 | Hybrid power system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113043861A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-29 | 上海攀业氢能源科技有限公司 | Hybrid power system and working method thereof |
| CN113320404A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-31 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system based on hybrid power and setting method |
-
2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113043861A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-06-29 | 上海攀业氢能源科技有限公司 | Hybrid power system and working method thereof |
| CN113320404A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-31 | 上海恒劲动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system based on hybrid power and setting method |
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