CN111404188A - Direct-current power control method for fixing transformation ratio of converter - Google Patents
Direct-current power control method for fixing transformation ratio of converter Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct-current power control method for fixing the transformation ratio of a converter, which comprises the following steps: selecting a constant voltage mode of direct current and determining a rated voltage U of the direct currentdrOr UdiAnd according to the selected DC constant voltage mode and the preset DC regulation range [ I ]dmin,Idmax]Determining the transformation ratio KrAnd Ki(ii) a According to the DC power instruction P given by schedulingdDetermining a triggering angle α of the rectifying side and a turn-off angle gamma of the inverting side, and calculating the reactive power consumption Q of the converter station in the triggering modedrAnd QdiAnd determining the switching mode of the filter. The method fixes the transformation ratio of the converter transformer and avoids the action of the on-load tap-changer of the converter transformer; the direct current power is flexibly adjusted based on the trigger angle control of the converter valve; through the projection of a filterThe reactive power consumption of a direct current system is met, the commutation margin is improved during low-power operation, and the method has a good engineering application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power systems and automation thereof, and particularly relates to a power control method of a high-voltage direct-current power transmission system.
Background
The increasing number of new energy source units in western regions has the requirement of long-distance delivery, and the ultra-high voltage alternating current and direct current transmission technology becomes the only way for solving the problem, at present, the power grid phase-change type high-voltage direct current transmission technology (LL C-HVDC) gradually becomes the mainstream cross-region transmission mode because of the advantages of large transmission capacity and good fault isolation effect.
The power regulation of dc systems is mainly achieved by the variation of the current. The existing direct current operation control mode is a control mode of constant current at a rectification side and constant turn-off angle at an inversion side. In this control method, the commutation side firing angle is usually a fixed value (15 to 20 degrees), and the dc power is controlled by adjusting the voltage on both sides of the dc power by the on-load tap-changer operation of the converter transformer ratio. The control mode has higher requirement on the safety and reliability of the tap changer; in the case of large output/load fluctuations, frequent actuation of the tap changer may lead to serious safety accidents.
Therefore, the current control means for the direct current power is still single, and the safety requirements of the actual engineering are still difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a dc power control method with a fixed converter transformation ratio to solve the above problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a direct current power control method for fixing the conversion ratio of a converter comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a DC constant voltage mode and determining a DC rated voltage UdrOr UdiAnd according to the selected DC constant voltage mode and the preset DC regulation range [ I ]dmin,Idmax]Determining the transformation ratio KrAnd Ki；
2) According to the DC power instruction P given by the dispatchingdDetermining a commutation side trigger angle α and an inversion side turn-off angle gamma;
3) and calculating the reactive power consumption Q of the converter station in the triggering modedrAnd QdiAnd determining the switching mode of the filter.
As a further aspect of the present invention, in step 1), the method for calculating the converter transformer ratio is as follows:
the DC rated voltage is as shown in formula (1), wherein UdrFor rectifying side rated voltage, UdiFor the rated voltage of the inversion side, the direct current system can generally operate from the rectification side and the inversion side at the rated voltage respectively according to the requirement;
Udrconst or Udi＝const (1)；
For the constant voltage mode of the rectifying side, the power P of the DC rectifying sidedrCan be supplied by a direct current IdDetermining, as shown in formula (2):
Pdr＝UdrId(2)；
for the inverter side constant voltage mode, the inverter side power PdiAs shown in formula (3):
Pdi＝UdiId(3)；
taking the double bridge system as an example, the rectifier steady state equation is shown in formula (4):
in the formula, KrIs the commutation ratio of the rectifying side, ULrIs the commutation bus voltage at the commutation side, α is the commutation side firing angle, RcrIs an equivalent commutation resistor at the rectification side;
the inverter steady state equation is shown in equation (5):
likewise, in the formula KiIs the inversion side conversion transformation ratio, ULiIs the inverter side converter bus voltage, gamma is the inverter side turn-off angle, RciIs an equivalent commutation resistor on the inversion side;
the DC line equation is shown in equation (6):
wherein R isdIs a direct current line resistor;
in the variables of the above equation, the dc system has generally specified a side voltage to operate at a nominal voltage UdrOr UdiAnd the dispatching center designates the DC power P according to the operation modedThe switching mode of the filter of the converter station can ensure the voltage U of the converter bus at two sidesLrAnd ULiConstant, equivalent commutation resistance RcrAnd RciThe current conversion leakage reactance is determined;
in order to ensure reliable triggering of the rectifying side in steady-state operation of the direct-current system, the actual triggering angle α is required to be generally not less than 5 degrees for the 50Hz system in the dynamic process, and a certain margin needs to be additionally reserved for normal steady-state operation to ensure that the triggering angle is not less than αminSimilarly, in order to ensure reliable triggering of the inversion side, a certain margin is reserved for the turn-off angle, so that the turn-off angle is not less than gammaminAssuming that the DC current range is [ I ]dmin,Idmax]Then the minimum firing angle α may be setminMinimum off angle gammaminMaximum direct current IdmaxSubstituting equations (2), (4), (5), (6) or (3), (4), (5) and (6), and solving to obtain the converter transformation ratio KrAnd Ki；
As a further scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the direct current power instruction P is issued according to the dispatching centerdIf the rectifying side of the DC system is operated at the rated voltage, namely UdrFor constant value, the direct current I of the rectifying side can be determined according to the formula (2)d；
Applying a direct current IdCarry-in (4) uniquely determined according to DC commandA commutation side firing angle α;
the DC voltage U of the inversion side can be determined according to the DC line formula (6)di；
Udi＝Udr-RdId(11)
Similarly, according to the formula (5), the turn-off angle gamma of the inversion side can be uniquely determined;
similarly, if the inverter side of the DC system is operated at a rated voltage, U isdiFor constant value, the direct current I of the rectifying side can be determined according to the formula (3)d；
Applying a direct current IdThe drive-in type (5) can uniquely determine the turn-off angle gamma of the inversion side according to the direct current command;
the direct-current voltage U at the rectifying side can be determined according to a direct-current line formula (6)dr；
Udr＝Udi+RdId(15)；
The same can be uniquely determined according to equation (4).
Thus, the trigger modes (α, gamma) of the rectification side and the inversion side at the specified power are determined.
As a further aspect of the present invention, in step 3), the reactive power consumption of the rectifier/inverter is respectively calculated according to the triggering mode of the current converter station, the rectifier side power factor can be approximately expressed as formula (17),
similarly, the inverse side power factor can be expressed approximately as formula (18)
Rectifier reactive power expression is (19)
Qdr＝Pdrtanφr(19)；
Inverter reactive power expression is (20)
Qdi＝Pditanφi(20)；
And finally, according to the calculation results of the equations (19) and (20), compensating corresponding reactive power by using the filter in the station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method fixes the transformation ratio of the converter transformer and avoids the action of the on-load tap-changer of the converter transformer; the direct current power is flexibly adjusted based on the trigger angle control of the converter valve; the reactive power consumption of a direct current system is met through switching of the filter, the commutation margin is improved during low-power operation, and the method has a good engineering application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a topology of a CIGRE DC system;
FIG. 3 is a graph of DC power (rectified side) versus rectified side firing angle;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the variation of the turn-off angle of the inverter side with the firing angle of the rectifier side;
fig. 5 is a graph of rectifier side reactive power consumption as a function of rectifier side firing angle.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the change of the reactive power consumption of the inverter side along with the trigger angle of the rectifier side.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a flowchart of the method of the present invention, the method of dc power control of the present invention includes the following steps:
1) selecting a DC constant voltage mode and determining a DC rated voltage UdrOr UdiAnd according to the selected DC constant voltage mode and the preset DC regulation range [ I ]dmin,Idmax]Determining the transformation ratio KrAnd Ki；
The DC rated voltage is as shown in formula (1), wherein UdrFor rectifying side rated voltage, UdiThe voltage is rated for the inversion side. Dc systems can generally operate at a constant voltage from the rectifier side and the inverter side, respectively, as desired.
UdrConst or Udi＝const (1)；
For the constant voltage mode of the rectifying side, the power P of the DC rectifying sidedrCan be supplied by a direct current IdDetermining, as shown in formula (2):
Pdr＝UdrId(2)；
for the inverter side constant voltage mode, the inverter side power PdiAs shown in formula (3):
Pdi＝UdiId(3)；
taking the double bridge system as an example, the rectifier steady state equation is shown in formula (4):
in the formula, KrIs the commutation ratio of the rectifying side, ULrIs the commutation bus voltage at the commutation side, α is the commutation side firing angle, RcrIs the equivalent commutation resistance at the rectifying side.
The inverter steady state equation is shown in equation (5):
likewise, in the formula KiIs the inversion side conversion transformation ratio, ULiIs the inverter side converter bus voltage, gamma is the inverter side turn-off angle, RciIs an equivalent phase change resistor on the inversion side.
The DC line equation is shown in equation (6):
wherein R isdIs a dc line resistance.
The DC system designates a certain side voltage to operate at a rated voltage UdrOr UdiAnd the dispatching center designates the DC power P according to the operation moded. The switching mode of the filter of the converter station can ensure that the voltage U of the converter buses on two sides can be ensuredLrAnd ULiConstant and unchanged. Equivalent phase change resistor RcrAnd RciIt is determined by the commutation leakage reactance.
In order to ensure reliable triggering of a rectification side in steady-state operation of a direct current system, an actual trigger angle α is required to be generally not less than 5 degrees for a 50Hz system in a dynamic process, a certain margin needs to be additionally reserved for normal steady-state operation, the trigger angle is not less than 15 degreesdmin,Idmax]Then the minimum firing angle α may be setminMinimum off angle gammaminMaximum direct current IdmaxSubstituting equations (2), (4), (5), (6) or (3), (4), (5) and (6), and solving to obtain the converter transformation ratio KrAnd Ki。
2) Root of Chinese scholar treeAccording to the DC power command P given by the dispatchingdDetermining a commutation side trigger angle α and an inversion side turn-off angle gamma;
in the step 2, according to the direct current power instruction P given by the dispatching centerdIf the rectifying side of the DC system is operated at the rated voltage, namely UdrFor constant value, the direct current I of the rectifying side can be determined according to the formula (2)d。
Applying a direct current IdIn the case of the drive-in type (4), the commutation side trigger angle α can be uniquely determined according to the dc current command.
The DC voltage U of the inversion side can be determined according to the DC line formula (6)di。
Udi＝Udr-RdId(11)；
Similarly, according to equation (5), the inverter-side turn-off angle γ can be uniquely determined.
Similarly, if the inverter side of the DC system is operated at a rated voltage, U isdiFor constant value, the direct current I of the rectifying side can be determined according to the formula (3)d。
Applying a direct current IdAnd (5) uniquely determining the inverter side turn-off angle gamma according to the direct current command.
The direct-current voltage U at the rectifying side can be determined according to a direct-current line formula (6)dr。
Udr＝Udi+RdId(15)；
The same can be uniquely determined according to equation (4).
Thus, the trigger modes (α, gamma) of the rectification side and the inversion side at the specified power are determined.
3) And calculating the reactive power consumption Q of the converter station in the triggering modedrAnd QdiDetermining a switching mode of the filter;
according to the triggering mode of the current converter station, the reactive power consumption of the rectifier/inverter is respectively calculated, and the power factor on the rectifying side can be approximately expressed as an expression (17).
Similarly, the inverter-side power factor can be approximately expressed as equation (18);
rectifier reactive power expression is (19)
Qdr＝Pdrtanφr(19)；
Inverter reactive power expression is (20)
Qdi＝Pditanφi(20)；
And finally, according to the calculation results of the equations (19) and (20), compensating corresponding reactive power by using the filter in the station.
The CIGRE dc model shown in fig. 2 tests the effectiveness of the method of the present invention. The direct current rectification side is enabled to operate at rated voltage, the allowed range of direct current is [100A,2000A ], according to the step 1, firstly settlement is carried out to obtain that the conversion ratio of the rectification side is 345kV:221.09kV, the conversion ratio of the inversion side is 230 kV: 216.69 kV.
A direct current triggering mode can be obtained according to an input power command, fig. 3 shows the change situation of the direct current power at different triggering angles of the rectifying side, and it is found that the adjustment requirement of the direct current power can be met when the triggering angle is changed between 15 ° and 31.2 °. Fig. 4 shows a change condition of the inverter-side turn-off angle along with the rectifier-side firing angle, and fig. 4 illustrates that the inverter-side turn-off angle changes synchronously with the rectifier-side firing angle, and the reduction of the dc power can improve the inverter-side turn-off angle and improve the commutation margin of the inverter side. Fig. 5 and 6 show the reactive power consumption of the rectifier/inverter, which illustrates the reactive power when the dc reactive power consumption does not exceed the maximum power (15 ° trigger), and the existing filter bank of the converter station can meet the reactive power requirement under the new control method.
Therefore, according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the direct current power control under the fixed converter transformation ratio can be realized, the method can realize the large-range regulation of the direct current power under the reasonable initial transformation ratio, and no additional reactive loss is caused.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiment without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A direct current power control method for fixing the transformation ratio of a converter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a DC constant voltage mode and determining a DC rated voltage UdrOr UdiAnd according to the selected DC constant voltage mode and the preset DC regulation range [ I ]dmin,Idmax]Determining the transformation ratio KrAnd Ki；
2) According to the DC power instruction P given by the dispatchingdDetermining a commutation side trigger angle α and an inversion side turn-off angle gamma;
3) computing under the trigger modeConverter station of (2) reactive power consumption QdrAnd QdiAnd determining the switching mode of the filter.
2. The method for controlling dc power with a fixed converter ratio according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the converter ratio in step 1) is as follows:
the DC rated voltage is as shown in formula (1), wherein UdrFor rectifying side rated voltage, UdiFor the rated voltage of the inversion side, the direct current system can generally operate from the rectification side and the inversion side at the rated voltage respectively according to the requirement;
Udrconst or Udi＝const (1)；
For the constant voltage mode of the rectifying side, the power P of the DC rectifying sidedrCan be supplied by a direct current IdDetermining, as shown in formula (2):
Pdr＝UdrId(2)；
for the inverter side constant voltage mode, the inverter side power PdiAs shown in formula (3):
Pdi＝UdiId(3)；
taking the double bridge system as an example, the rectifier steady state equation is shown in formula (4):
in the formula, KrIs the commutation ratio of the rectifying side, ULrIs the commutation bus voltage at the commutation side, α is the commutation side firing angle, RcrIs an equivalent commutation resistor at the rectification side;
the inverter steady state equation is shown in equation (5):
likewise, in the formula KiIs the inversion side conversion transformation ratio, ULiIs the inverter side converter bus voltage, gamma is the inverter side turn-off angle, RciIs an equivalent conversion at the inversion sideA phase resistance;
the DC line equation is shown in equation (6):
wherein R isdIs a direct current line resistor;
in the variables of the above equation, the DC system has specified a side voltage to operate at a nominal voltage UdrOr UdiAnd the dispatching center designates the DC power P according to the operation modedThe switching mode of the filter of the converter station can ensure the voltage U of the converter bus at two sidesLrAnd ULiConstant, equivalent commutation resistance RcrAnd RciThe current conversion leakage reactance is determined;
in order to ensure reliable triggering of the rectifying side in steady-state operation of the direct-current system, the actual triggering angle α is required to be not less than 5 degrees for the 50Hz system in the dynamic process, and a certain margin needs to be additionally reserved for normal steady-state operation to ensure that the triggering angle is not less than αminSimilarly, in order to ensure reliable triggering of the inversion side, the turn-off angle is allowed to be within a margin so as to ensure that the turn-off angle is not less than gammaminAssuming that the DC current range is [ I ]dmin,Idmax]Then the minimum firing angle α will beminMinimum off angle gammaminMaximum direct current IdmaxSubstituting equations (2), (4), (5), (6) or (3), (4), (5) and (6), and solving to obtain the converter transformation ratio KrAnd Ki；
3. The method for controlling DC power with fixed converter transformation ratio according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the DC power command P is issued by the dispatching centerdIf the rectifying side of the DC system is operated at the rated voltage, namely UdrFor constant value, the direct current I of the rectifying side can be determined according to the formula (2)d；
Applying a direct current IdA drive-in type (4) for uniquely determining a commutation side trigger angle α according to a direct current command;
the DC voltage U of the inversion side can be determined according to the DC line formula (6)di；
Udi＝Udr-RdId(11)
Similarly, according to the formula (5), the turn-off angle gamma of the inversion side can be uniquely determined;
similarly, if the inverter side of the DC system is operated at a rated voltage, U isdiFor constant value, the direct current I of the rectifying side can be determined according to the formula (3)d；
Applying a direct current IdThe drive-in type (5) can uniquely determine the turn-off angle gamma of the inversion side according to the direct current command;
the direct-current voltage U at the rectifying side can be determined according to a direct-current line formula (6)dr；
Udr＝Udi+RdId(15)；
The same can be uniquely determined according to equation (4).
Thus, the trigger modes (α, gamma) of the rectification side and the inversion side at the specified power are determined.
4. The method for controlling DC power with fixed converter transformation ratio according to claim 1, wherein in step 3), the reactive power consumption of the rectifier/inverter is calculated respectively according to the triggering mode of the current converter station, and the power factor at the rectifier side can be expressed approximately as formula (17),
similarly, the inverse side power factor can be expressed approximately as formula (18)
Rectifier reactive power expression is (19)
Qdr＝Pdrtanφr(19)；
Inverter reactive power expression is (20)
Qdi＝Pditanφi(20)；
And finally, according to the calculation results of the equations (19) and (20), compensating corresponding reactive power by using the filter in the station.
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| CN111864738A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-30 | 华中科技大学 | Continuous commutation failure suppression method and device based on adaptive trigger angle compensation |
| CN112332438A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-05 | 山东电力研究院 | High-voltage direct-current power transmission dynamic control method and system for fixed tap switch gear |
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| CN112332438A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-05 | 山东电力研究院 | High-voltage direct-current power transmission dynamic control method and system for fixed tap switch gear |
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