Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the simulation modeling analysis method for analyzing the response capability of the fuse in the frequency converter of the direct-current power system to the short-circuit current is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a simulation modeling analysis method for analyzing the response capability of a fuse in a frequency converter of a direct current power system to a short-circuit current is specifically as follows;
1) building a cabinet model, for example, building a single cabinet, modeling a capacitor C formed by a frequency converter thereinM1And its equivalent direct current resistance RESRcThe fuse comprises a series model, two groups of fuses of direct current buses are respectively connected with the input side and the output side of a frequency converter, the fuses of each group of direct current buses comprise two fuse monomers which are arranged in parallel, the fuse monomers are modeled into a resistor, and cables or copper bars between the input side and the output side of the frequency converter and the fuses are marked as CO 1; cables or copper bars from the two groups of fuses to the direct current busbar are marked as CO 2; the copper bar on the direct current bus is marked as CO3 and consists of a positive group and a negative group; the single cables or copper bars CO1 and CO2 are simplified into a model of series connection of a resistor and an inductor, the single copper bar CO3 is simplified into a model of series connection of a resistor and an inductor, and the capacitor of the copper bar CO3 is simplified into an equivalent capacitor C arranged between a positive direct current bus and a negative direct current busint(ii) a (ii) a Calculating to obtain specific parameters of the cabinet body model; the specific calculation is as follows:
(a) calculating the equivalent direct current resistance through the steady-state direct current power consumption and the rated current of the fuse, and obtaining the following formula:
wherein: p
VFuseIs the steady state dc power consumption of the fuse;
is the square of the steady state dc current of the fuse; r
PuseIs a steady state dc resistance;
equivalent short-circuit resistance R of fuse in simulation model in short-circuit stateSCFuseModeling by adopting a mode of carrying out short-circuit test on the fuse and carrying out curve fitting after acquiring an actual fusing waveform of the fuse;
(b) calculating the value R of the resistance and the direct current inductance formed by simplifying the cable or the copper bar
co1,R
co2,R
co3,L
co1,L
co2,L
co3Calculating the equivalent capacitance C of the copper bar CO3
int(ii) a The value L of the direct current inductance formed by simplifying the calculation copper bar
co1,L
co2,L
co3The calculation formula of (2) is:
wherein: magnetic permeability mu in vacuum
0Is a constant of 4 π × 10
-7(ii) a The average distance a between the positive copper bar and the negative copper bar; the unit m; the width b of the single-phase copper bar is calculated by overlapping the widths if the single-phase copper bar is a plurality of copper bars; the unit m; the height h of the copper bar; the unit m; the length l of the single-phase copper bar is unit m;
2) establishing a cabinet simplified circuit model, and removing a capacitor C between the positive and negative direct current buses
M1And its equivalent direct current resistance R
ESRcThe external resistance is equivalent to a resistance Ra, and a capacitor C is arranged between the positive and negative direct current buses
M1And its equivalent direct current resistance R
ESRcThe external inductor is equivalent to an inductor La; the resistance on the positive and negative direct current buses is equivalent to a resistance Rb, and the inductance on the positive and negative direct current buses is equivalent to an inductance Lb, so that a simplified model is obtained, wherein:
3) establishing a system circuit model, and establishing an integral circuit model of the C-PP system including all cabinets by referring to the steps;
4) obtaining I of fuses in each internal frequency converter of a cabinet when direct current of the internal frequency converter of a cabinet is short-circuited by using MATLAB simulation calculation2T;
Accumulation of current and time of the fault loop fuse reaches its fuse I quickly2T, cutting off a fault loop; if the current and time accumulation of all other non-fault loop fuses does not exceed the pre-arc I of the corresponding fuse when the fault loop is cut off2T, indicating that the non-faulty loop is not affected; if the current and time of the non-fault circuit fuse exceeds the pre-arc I of the corresponding fuse when the fault circuit is cut off2T, the fuse at the position needs to be replaced by a fuse I before the arc2T larger fuse.
Preferably, the calculation of the value R of the resistance into which the cable or the copper bar is simplified is performed
co1,R
co2,R
co3The specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: resistance value R, unit omega; resistivity ρ, unit: omega m
2(ii)/m; length l of cable or copper bar, unit: m; the sectional area A of the cable or the copper bar, unit: m is
2。
Preferably, the calculation of the value L of the direct current inductance simplified by the cable is carried out
co1,L
co2,L
co3The calculation formula of (2) is:
wherein: magnetic permeability mu in vacuum
0Is a constant of 4 π × 10
-7(ii) a The unit H/m; the central distance a of 2 round cables is unit m; radius r of the cable
LThe unit m; length of single cable l, unit m.
As a preferable scheme, the copper barThe equivalent capacitance calculation formula of CO3 is:
wherein epsilondiIs a capacitance constant with a value of 8.854 × 10-12F/m, a is the average distance between the positive copper bar and the negative copper bar, m and b are the widths of the copper bars, and m and h are the lengths of the single-phase copper bars and m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can accurately obtain the I of the fuse in each device when the direct current of the frequency converter is short-circuited by establishing the calculation model2And T, the reliability of selective fault removal of the direct-current networking system can be effectively verified, and a basis can be provided for design and type selection of the fuse.
And when a frequency converter on a certain section of direct current bus has a direct current short circuit, the power electronic switch can cut out the fault half board from the direct current bus of the non-fault half board, so that for analyzing the direct current short circuit of the frequency converter, only all equipment on the single section of direct current bus where the fault frequency converter is located needs to be considered, and all the equipment on the whole board does not need to be analyzed.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the direct current power system comprises a shore power supply 1 on a ship, a lithium battery 2 and a generator set 4, wherein the shore power supply 1, the lithium battery 2 and the generator set 4 are connected with a daily load 4 and a propulsion motor 5 through a C-PP frequency converter network 3; the direct current power system at least comprises two groups of C-PP frequency converter networking 3, and the C-PP frequency converter networking 3 are connected through a power electronic switch 7; the C-PP frequency converter network 3 comprises a frequency converter 31, a fuse 32 and a direct current bus 33; one side of the frequency converter 31 is connected with a shore power supply 1 or a lithium battery pack 2, and the other side is connected with a direct-current bus bar 33 through a fuse 32; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the frequency converter 31 includes a power module 311 and a capacitor 312.
When two sections of direct-current busbars 33 connected with a port and a starboard in a direct-current power system are in contact to generate short circuit or a frequency converter 31 generates direct-current short circuit, a power electronic switch 7 connected with the two sections of direct-current busbars 33 can be tripped within 15-25 microseconds, so that a fault half board is cut out of direct-current busbars of non-fault half boards, the short-circuit busbars and normally-working busbars are physically isolated, the operation capacity of equipment on the residual direct-current busbars is guaranteed, and selective protection of faults is realized;
when the frequency converter 31 has a dc short circuit, there are two short circuit situations, fig. 2 shows that the dc short circuit is on the outer side of the capacitor 312, and fig. 3 shows that the dc short circuit is on the inner side of the capacitor 312;
the short circuit loops in both cases are similar, when a short circuit occurs, P1Capacitor C of1Will discharge to the short-circuit point and deliver current I1,P2Capacitor C of2Discharging the short-circuit point and supplying a current I through a relatively long circuit2;I1Does not pass through the fuse, I2Will flow through the fuse and may cause the fuse to blow;
due to C1Smaller, the resistance of the loop is also smaller, so the discharge time constant of the whole loop is shorter, I1The attenuation is fast; due to C2Is generally larger (C)2The capacitance of all non-fault modules) and the circuit is longer and includes the impedance of the fuse, so the discharge time constant of the whole circuit is longer;
fuse F1Due to I2I of electric current2T is accumulated and fused, so that a loop is cut off; and F2I of (A)2T does not reach its pre-arc I2T, cannot be damaged; therefore, fault selective removal during direct-current short circuit of the frequency converter is realized;
i due to a second short-circuit condition2The discharge circuit of (2) is longer, the short-circuit current is smaller, and the situation is more moderate than the first situation, so that the first situation can be considered to cover the second situation, and therefore, the response capability of the fuse to the short-circuit current is analyzed in the case of the direct-current short circuit outside the capacitor of the frequency converter.
In order to verify the reliability of the selective fault removal, a simulation modeling analysis method for analyzing the response capability of the fuse in the frequency converter of the direct current power system to the short-circuit current is provided below, which is used for calculating the I of the fuse 32 of each device in the direct current power system when the frequency converter 31 generates the direct current short circuit2T。
When short-circuit occurs, the power electronic switch connecting the two sections of direct current buses can be tripped within 15-25 mu s, the two connected direct current buses are separated, the interaction of the two sections of direct current buses within a very short time is ignored, and therefore, for direct current short-circuit analysis of the frequency converter, all equipment on a single section of direct current bus where the fault frequency converter is located only needs to be considered, and all equipment on the whole board does not need to be analyzed.
The simulation modeling analysis method for analyzing the response capability of the fuse in the frequency converter of the direct-current power system to the short-circuit current comprises the following specific steps;
1. establishing a cabinet model, taking the establishment of a main push cabinet M1 as an example, as shown in FIG. 4, modeling a capacitor C formed by a frequency converter thereinM1And its equivalent direct current resistance RESRcSeries connection of models, fusing of two sets of dc buses connected respectively at the input and output sides of the frequency converterThe fuse of each group of direct current buses comprises two fuse monomers which are arranged in parallel, the fuse monomers are modeled into resistors, and cables or copper bars between the input side and the output side of the frequency converter and the fuses are marked as CO 1; cables or copper bars from the two groups of fuses to the direct current busbar are marked as CO 2; the copper bar on the direct current bus is marked as CO3 and consists of a positive group and a negative group; the single cables or copper bars CO1 and CO2 are simplified into a model of series connection of resistors and inductors (because the specifications of the cables or copper bars CO1 and the cables or copper bars CO2 are small, parallel capacitors can be ignored under the condition of short circuit), the single copper bar CO3 is simplified into a model of series connection of resistors and inductors, and the capacitor of the copper bar CO3 is simplified into an equivalent capacitor C arranged between a positive direct current bus and a negative direct current busint(because in the case of a short circuit, the shunt capacitance is negligible); calculating to obtain specific parameters of the cabinet body model; the specific calculation is as follows:
(a) calculating the equivalent direct current resistance through the steady-state direct current power consumption and the rated current of the fuse, and obtaining the following formula:
wherein: p
VFuseIs the steady state dc power consumption of the fuse;
is the square of the steady state dc current of the fuse; r
FuseIs the steady state dc resistance of the fuse;
equivalent short-circuit resistance R of fuse in simulation model in short-circuit stateSCFuseModeling by adopting a mode of carrying out short-circuit test on the fuse and carrying out curve fitting after acquiring an actual fusing waveform of the fuse;
usually, a large amount of short-circuit current flows into the fuse, which causes the temperature of the fuse to rise rapidly, and the equivalent short-circuit resistance RSCFuseThe nonlinear increase along with the temperature rise is realized, in order to simulate the nonlinear fusing characteristic of the fuse more truly, short circuit test is carried out on the fuse, and the actual fusing waveform of the fuse is collected;
(b) see fig. 5,FIG. 6; calculating the values R of the resistance, the inductance and the capacitance formed by simplifying the copper barco1,Rco2,Rco3,,Lco1,Lco2,Lco3,cintThe calculation formula is as follows:
the calculation formula of the series resistance of the copper bar is as follows:
wherein: resistance value R, unit omega; resistivity ρ, unit: omega m2(ii)/m; length l of cable or copper bar, unit: m; sectional area a of the copper bar, unit: m is2;
As shown in fig. 6, if a cable is used, the dc inductance value is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: magnetic permeability mu in vacuum0Is a constant of 4 π × 10-7(ii) a The unit H/m; the central distance a of 2 round cables is unit m; radius r of the cableLThe unit m; length of single cable l, unit m;
as shown in fig. 7, the direct current inductance value of the copper bar is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: magnetic permeability mu in vacuum0Is a constant of 4 π × 10-7(ii) a The unit H/m; the average distance a between the positive copper bar and the negative copper bar; the unit m; the width b of the single-phase copper bar is calculated by overlapping the widths if the single-phase copper bar is a plurality of copper bars; the unit m; the height h of the copper bar; the unit m; the length l of the single-phase copper bar is unit m;
the capacitance calculation formula of the copper bar CO3 is as follows:
wherein epsilondiIs a capacitance constant with a value of 8.854 × 10-12F/m, wherein a is the average distance between the positive copper bar and the negative copper bar, m and b are the widths of the copper bars, m and h are the lengths of the single-phase copper bars, and m is the unit;
2. establishing a simplified circuit model of the cabinet body, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, removing a capacitor C between the positive and negative direct current busesM1And its equivalent direct current resistance RESRcThe external resistance is equivalent to a resistor RaThe capacitance C is removed between the positive and negative DC busesM1And its equivalent direct current resistance RESRcThe external inductor is equivalent to an inductor La(ii) a The resistances on the positive and negative direct current buses are equivalent to a resistance RbThe inductance on the positive and negative DC buses is equivalent to an inductance LbSo as to obtain the simplified model,
wherein:
3. establishing a system circuit model, and establishing an integral circuit model of the C-PP system including all cabinets by referring to the steps, as shown in FIG. 10;
4. MATLAB simulation calculation is used to obtain I of fuses in each internal frequency converter of a cabinet when direct current of one internal frequency converter of the cabinet is short-circuited2T;
Accumulation of current and time of the fault loop fuse reaches its fuse I quickly2T, thereforeCutting off a barrier circuit; if the current and time accumulation of all other non-fault loop fuses does not exceed the pre-arc I of the corresponding fuse when the fault loop is cut off2T, indicating that the non-faulty loop is not affected; if the current and time of the non-fault circuit fuse exceeds the pre-arc I of the corresponding fuse when the fault circuit is cut off2T, the fuse at the position needs to be replaced by a fuse I before the arc2T larger fuse.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and some embodiments may be used, not restrictive; it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.