CN111404124A - A protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors by using NOT gate or AND gate - Google Patents
A protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors by using NOT gate or AND gate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的用非门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,由电解电容E1、接线端JP1、非门U1A、非门U1B、非门U1C、三极管Q1、继电器JDQ1、发光二极管LED1和直流电源电路构成;本发明的用与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,有极性电解电容E1、电容接线端JP2、与门U2A、与门U2B、三极管Q2、继电器JDQ2、发光二极管LED2和直流电源电路构成。本发明的非门或与门器件构成的保护电路,均可在电解电容接线错误时,保持电解电容正极端始终处于断开状态,不会使其投入到电路中,并通过点亮发光二极管给出提示,避免了由于电解电容反接所导致的电容损坏、爆炸甚至危害生命和财产安全事故的发生。
In the present invention, a non-gate is used to realize the protection circuit for reverse connection of electrolytic capacitors with polarities. The DC power supply circuit is composed; the protection circuit of the reverse connection of the polar electrolytic capacitor is realized by the AND gate of the present invention, and the polar electrolytic capacitor E1, the capacitor terminal JP2, the AND gate U2A, the AND gate U2B, the transistor Q2, the relay JDQ2, The light-emitting diode LED2 and the DC power supply circuit are formed. The protection circuit composed of the NOT gate or the AND gate device of the present invention can keep the positive terminal of the electrolytic capacitor always in the disconnected state when the electrolytic capacitor is wired incorrectly, and will not put it into the circuit, and light the light-emitting diode to provide the protection circuit. A prompt is issued to avoid capacitor damage, explosion and even life and property safety accidents caused by reverse connection of electrolytic capacitors.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,更具体的说,尤其涉及一种用非门或与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路。The invention relates to a protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors, more particularly, to a protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors by using a NOT gate or an AND gate.
背景技术Background technique
有极性电解电容上设置有正极管脚和负极管脚,使用时不能接错,不然会导致有极性电解电容的损坏,这是由电解电容本身的结构和组成决定的,电解电容中含有存储电荷的电解质材料,如果对其施加的电流方向不正确,不但无法实现存储电荷的作用,而且还会导致其损坏。There are positive pins and negative pins on the polar electrolytic capacitors. Do not connect them wrongly when using them, otherwise the polar electrolytic capacitors will be damaged. This is determined by the structure and composition of the electrolytic capacitors. The electrolytic capacitors contain Electrolyte materials that store charge, if the direction of the current applied to it is not correct, not only will it not be able to store the charge, but it will also cause damage.
在电子实验教学过程中,电气作业的学生在做实验室会用到电解电容,如在电源滤波实验教学过程中,需要学生自己动手接入电解电容,以加深学生对电解电容工作原理、工作特性的理解和掌握。在实际的实验过程中,总会有一些学生将电解电容的正负极接反,接反后,轻则导致电解电容损坏,严重的还会引发电解电容爆炸,电解电容爆炸不仅会给学生带来惊吓和人身安全,甚至会引发起火和火灾,因此,研发一种带有电解电容反接保护的电路尤为重要,当电解电容出现反接时,可将电解电容与所在电路断开,并发出报警信号,以提醒接线错误,以避免电解电容损害、爆炸和引发人身安全和财产损失事故的发生。与门和非门是数字逻辑运算中常用器件,利用其可实现有极性电解电容反接的检测和报警。In the process of electronic experiment teaching, students who do electrical work will use electrolytic capacitors in the laboratory. For example, in the process of power filter experiment teaching, students need to connect electrolytic capacitors by themselves, so as to deepen students' understanding of the working principle and working characteristics of electrolytic capacitors. understanding and mastery. In the actual experiment process, there will always be some students who reversely connect the positive and negative electrodes of the electrolytic capacitor. After the reverse connection, the electrolytic capacitor will be damaged in light, and the electrolytic capacitor will explode in serious cases. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a circuit with reverse connection protection of electrolytic capacitors. Alarm signal to remind wiring errors to avoid electrolytic capacitor damage, explosion and accidents caused by personal safety and property damage. The AND gate and the NOT gate are commonly used devices in digital logic operations, which can be used to detect and alarm the reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明为了克服上述技术问题的缺点,提供了一种用非门或与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a protection circuit for realizing reverse connection of a polar electrolytic capacitor by using a NOT gate or an AND gate.
本发明的用非门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,包括电容接线端JP1、有极性电解电容E1和电容反接保护电路,E1为被保护的用于接入其他电路中的有极性电解电容,电容接线端JP1由两个接线端,E1的正极和负极与电容接接线端JP1相连接;其特征在于:所述电容反接保护电路由非门U1A、非门U1B、非门U1C、三极管Q1、继电器JDQ1、发光二极管LED1、直流电源电路以及二极管D1、D2、D3和D4组成,有极性电解电容E1的正极经继电器JDQ1的常开点与电容接线端JP1的一个接线端相连接,E1的负极与JP1的另一个接线端相连接,E1的正极经JDQ1的常开点和电阻R1与非门U1A的输入端相连接,E1的负极经电阻R2与非门U1C的输入端相连接;直流电源电路用于提供直流电压Vcc;所述U1A、U1C的输入端分别经电阻R3和电阻R4与电源地相连接,二极管D1的正极接于U1C的输入端、负极接于电源正极Vcc上,D2的正极接于U1A的输入端、负极接于电源正极Vcc上;D3的正极接于电源地上、负极接于U1A的输入端,D4的正极接于电源地上、负极接于U1C的输入端;The protection circuit for reverse connection of polarized electrolytic capacitors is realized by using a NOT gate of the present invention, including the capacitor terminal JP1, the polarized electrolytic capacitor E1 and the protection circuit for reversed connection of capacitors, E1 is protected and used to connect to other circuits There are polar electrolytic capacitors, the capacitor terminal JP1 is composed of two terminals, and the positive and negative electrodes of E1 are connected with the capacitor connection terminal JP1; it is characterized in that: the capacitor reverse connection protection circuit is composed of NOT gate U1A, NOT gate U1B , NOT gate U1C, transistor Q1, relay JDQ1, light-emitting diode LED1, DC power supply circuit and diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4. The positive pole of the polar electrolytic capacitor E1 is connected to the normally open point of the relay JDQ1 and the capacitor terminal JP1. One terminal is connected, the negative terminal of E1 is connected to the other terminal of JP1, the positive terminal of E1 is connected to the input terminal of the NAND gate U1A through the normally open point of JDQ1 and the resistor R1, and the negative terminal of E1 is connected to the NAND gate of the resistor R2. The input terminals of U1C are connected to each other; the DC power supply circuit is used to provide DC voltage Vcc; the input terminals of the U1A and U1C are connected to the power supply ground through the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 respectively, and the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the input terminal and the cathode of the U1C. It is connected to the positive pole of the power supply Vcc, the positive pole of D2 is connected to the input terminal of U1A, the negative pole is connected to the positive pole Vcc of the power supply; the positive pole of D3 is connected to the power supply ground, the negative pole is connected to the input terminal of U1A, the positive pole of D4 is connected to the power supply ground and the negative pole Connected to the input of U1C;
所述U1A的输出端与U1B的输入端相连接,U1B的输出端经电阻R6接于三极管Q1的基极上,Q1为NPN型三极管,三极管Q1的发射极接于电源地上,Q1的集电极与继电器JDQ1串联后接于电源正上;所述非门U1C的输出端依次经电阻R5和发光二极管LED1接于电源正上。The output terminal of U1A is connected with the input terminal of U1B, the output terminal of U1B is connected to the base of the transistor Q1 through the resistor R6, Q1 is an NPN type transistor, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the power ground, and the collector of Q1 It is connected in series with the relay JDQ1 and then connected to the positive side of the power supply; the output end of the NOT gate U1C is connected to the positive side of the power supply through the resistor R5 and the light-emitting diode LED1 in sequence.
本发明的用非门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,所述直流电源电路由变压器TB1、三端稳压管PV1、电解电容E2、电解电容E3以及二极管D6、D7、D8和D9形成的全桥整流电路组成,变压器TB1的一次侧接于交流市电上,二次侧接于全桥整流电路的输入端,全桥整流电路输出端的正极接于三端稳压管PV1的输入端,三端稳压管PV1的输出端形成电源正极Vcc;电解电容E3设置于全桥整流电路的输出端,电解电容E2设置于三端稳压管PV1的输出端。In the present invention, a non-gate is used to realize the protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors. The full-bridge rectifier circuit formed by D9 consists of the primary side of the transformer TB1 is connected to the AC mains, the secondary side is connected to the input end of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the positive pole of the output end of the full-bridge rectifier circuit is connected to the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV1. At the input end, the output end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV1 forms the positive electrode Vcc of the power supply; the electrolytic capacitor E3 is arranged at the output end of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the electrolytic capacitor E2 is arranged at the output end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV1.
本发明的用非门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,所述继电器JDQ1线圈的两端并联有防止其产生的自感电压过高的续流二极管D5,二极管D5的正极接于三极管Q1的集电极上、负极电源正极上。In the present invention, a non-gate is used to realize the protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors. Both ends of the coil of the relay JDQ1 are connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode D5 to prevent the self-inductance voltage generated by it from being too high. The anode of the diode D5 is connected to On the collector of the transistor Q1 and on the positive pole of the negative power supply.
本发明的用非门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,所述电阻R1和电阻R2的阻值均为20kΩ,电阻R3和电阻R4的阻值均为100kΩ,电阻R5和电阻R6的阻值均为4.7kΩ。The protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors is realized by using a NOT gate of the present invention. The resistance values of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are both 20kΩ, the resistance values of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 are both 100kΩ, and the resistance values of the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 are both 100kΩ. The resistance value is 4.7kΩ.
本发明的用与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,包括电容接线端JP2、有极性电解电容E4和电容反接保护电路,E4为被保护的用于接入其他电路的有极性电解电容,电容接线端JP2上有两个接线端,有极性电解电容的正极和负极分别与JP2上的两个接线端相连接;其特征在于:所述电容反接保护电路由与门U2A、与门U2B、三极管Q2、发光二极管LED2、继电器JDQ2、直流电源电路以及二极管D10、D11、D12和D13组成,有极性电解电容E4的正极经继电器JDQ2的常开点与JP2的一个接线端相连接,E4的负极与JP2的另一个接线端相连接,E4的正极依次经继电器JDQ2的常开点、电阻R7接于与门U2A的两个输入端上,E4的负极经电阻R8接于与门U2B的两个输入端上;U2A的两个输入端、U2B的两个输入端分别经电阻R9和电阻R10接于电源地上,二极管D10的正极接于U2B的两个输入端、负极接于电源正上,D11的正极、负极分别接于U2A的两个输入端和电源正上,D12的正极接地、负极接于U2A的两个输入端上,D13的正极和负极分别接于电源地和U2B的两个输入端上;The protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors is realized by the AND gate of the present invention, including the capacitor terminal JP2, the polar electrolytic capacitor E4 and the protection circuit for reverse connection of capacitors. E4 is a protected circuit for connecting to other circuits. There are polar electrolytic capacitors, there are two terminals on the capacitor terminal JP2, and the positive and negative electrodes of the polar electrolytic capacitors are respectively connected with the two terminals on JP2; it is characterized in that: the capacitor reverse connection protection circuit is composed of AND gate U2A, AND gate U2B, transistor Q2, light-emitting diode LED2, relay JDQ2, DC power supply circuit and diodes D10, D11, D12 and D13, the positive pole of polar electrolytic capacitor E4 is connected to the normally open point of relay JDQ2 and JP2. One terminal is connected, the negative terminal of E4 is connected to the other terminal of JP2, the positive terminal of E4 is connected to the two input terminals of the AND gate U2A through the normally open point of the relay JDQ2 and the resistor R7 in turn, and the negative terminal of E4 is connected to the two input terminals of the AND gate U2A through the resistor. R8 is connected to the two input terminals of the AND gate U2B; the two input terminals of U2A and the two input terminals of U2B are connected to the power ground through the resistor R9 and the resistor R10 respectively, and the anode of the diode D10 is connected to the two input terminals of U2B , the negative pole is connected to the positive side of the power supply, the positive pole and negative pole of D11 are respectively connected to the two input terminals of U2A and the positive pole of the power supply, the positive pole and negative pole of D12 are connected to the two input terminals of U2A, and the positive pole and negative pole of D13 are connected to the two input terminals of U2A respectively. On the power ground and the two input terminals of U2B;
所述与门U2A的输出端经电阻R11接于三极管Q2的基极上,Q2为NPN型三极管,三极管Q2的发射极接于电源地上,集电极与继电器JDQ2的线圈串联后接于电源正极上,与门U2B的输出端依次经电阻R12和发光二极管LED2接于电源地上。The output terminal of the AND gate U2A is connected to the base of the transistor Q2 through the resistor R11, Q2 is an NPN type transistor, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the power ground, and the collector is connected to the power supply. The positive electrode is connected in series with the coil of the relay JDQ2 , and the output end of the AND gate U2B is connected to the power ground through the resistor R12 and the light-emitting diode LED2 in turn.
本发明的用与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,所述直流电源电路由变压器TB2、三端稳压管PV2、电解电容E5、电解电容E6以及二极管D15、D16、D17和D18形成的全桥整流电路组成,变压器TB2的一次侧接于交流市电上,二次侧接于全桥整流电路的输入端,全桥整流电路输出端的正极接于三端稳压管PV2的输入端,三端稳压管PV2的输出端形成电源正极Vcc;电解电容E6设置于全桥整流电路的输出端,电解电容E5设置于三端稳压管PV2的输出端。The protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors is realized by the AND gate of the present invention. The full-bridge rectifier circuit formed by D18 is composed. The primary side of the transformer TB2 is connected to the AC mains, the secondary side is connected to the input end of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the positive pole of the output end of the full-bridge rectifier circuit is connected to the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV2. The input end, the output end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV2 forms the positive electrode Vcc of the power supply; the electrolytic capacitor E6 is set at the output end of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the electrolytic capacitor E5 is set at the output end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV2.
本发明的用与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,所述继电器JDQ2线圈的两端并联有防止其产生的自感电压过高的续流二极管D14,二极管D14的正极接于三极管Q2的集电极上、负极电源正极上。In the present invention, an AND gate is used to realize the protection circuit for reverse connection of polarized electrolytic capacitors. The two ends of the relay JDQ2 coil are connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode D14 to prevent the self-inductance voltage generated by it from being too high. The positive electrode of the diode D14 is connected to On the collector of the transistor Q2 and on the positive pole of the negative power supply.
本发明的用与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,所述电阻R7和电阻R8的阻值均为20kΩ,电阻R9和电阻R10的阻值均为100kΩ,电阻R11和电阻R12的阻值均为4.7kΩ。In the present invention, the protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors is realized by using an AND gate. The resistance value is 4.7kΩ.
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的用非门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,由有极性电解电容E1、电容接线端JP1、非门U1A、非门U1B、非门U1C、三极管Q1、继电器JDQ1、发光二极管LED1和直流电源电路构成,当JP1没有将E1接入到实验电路中或者虽然接到实验电路中但实验电路没有通电时,U1A和U1C的输入端分别被电阻R3和R4拉为低电位,U1C输出高电平使得LED1不被点亮,U1A输出的高电平经U1B后输出低电平,Q1截止使得JDQ1的电磁线圈不通电,E1不接入实验回路;当JP1错误地接到实验电路中时,U1A的输入端为低电平,U1C的输入端为高电平,U1C输出低电平将LED1点亮,以提醒实验人员E1的接线错误,U1B输出低电平,Q1截止使得JDQ1的电磁线圈不通电,E1不接入实验回路,实现了对E1的保护;当JP1接线正确时,U1A输入端为高电平、U1C输入端为低电平,U1C输出高电平使得Q1导通,Q1导通使得JDQ1的线圈通电,进而将E1接入实验电路中,U1C输出高电平,发光二极管LED1不亮。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the protection circuit for the reverse connection of the polar electrolytic capacitor is realized by the NOT gate of the present invention. , transistor Q1, relay JDQ1, light-emitting diode LED1 and DC power supply circuit. When JP1 does not connect E1 to the experimental circuit or although it is connected to the experimental circuit but the experimental circuit is not powered on, the input terminals of U1A and U1C are respectively connected by resistance R3 and R4 are pulled to low level, U1C outputs high level so that LED1 is not lit, U1A outputs high level after U1B outputs low level, Q1 is turned off so that the electromagnetic coil of JDQ1 is not energized, E1 is not connected to the experimental circuit ; When JP1 is wrongly connected to the experimental circuit, the input terminal of U1A is low level, the input terminal of U1C is high level, and U1C outputs low level to light up LED1 to remind the experimenter that the wiring of E1 is wrong, U1B Output low level, Q1 is off, so that the electromagnetic coil of JDQ1 is not energized, E1 is not connected to the experimental circuit, and the protection of E1 is realized; when JP1 is wired correctly, the U1A input terminal is high level, and the U1C input terminal is low level. , U1C outputs a high level to make Q1 turn on, Q1 turns on to make the coil of JDQ1 energized, and then E1 is connected to the experimental circuit, U1C outputs a high level, and the light-emitting diode LED1 does not light up.
本发明的用与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,有极性电解电容E1、电容接线端JP2、与门U2A、与门U2B、三极管Q2、继电器JDQ2、发光二极管LED2和直流电源电路构成,当JP2没有将E4接入到实验电路中或者虽然接到实验电路中但实验电路没有通电时,U2A和U2C的输入端分别被电阻R9和R10拉为低电位,U2B输出低电平使得LED2不被点亮,U2A输出低电平,Q2截止使得JDQ2的电磁线圈不通电,E4不接入实验回路;当JP2错误地接到实验电路中时,U2A的输入端为低电平,U2B的输入端为高电平,U2B输出高电平将LED2点亮,以提醒实验人员E4的接线错误,U2B输出低电平,Q2截止使得JDQ2的电磁线圈不通电,E4不接入实验回路,实现了对E4的保护;当JP2接线正确时,U2A输入端为高电平、U2B输入端为低电平,U2A输出高电平使得Q2导通,Q2导通使得JDQ2的线圈通电,进而将E4接入实验电路中,U2B输出低电平,发光二极管LED1不亮。The protection circuit for reverse connection of polar electrolytic capacitors is realized by an AND gate of the present invention, which includes a polar electrolytic capacitor E1, a capacitor terminal JP2, an AND gate U2A, an AND gate U2B, a transistor Q2, a relay JDQ2, a light-emitting diode LED2 and a DC The power supply circuit is composed. When JP2 does not connect E4 to the experimental circuit or although it is connected to the experimental circuit but the experimental circuit is not powered, the input terminals of U2A and U2C are pulled to low potential by resistors R9 and R10 respectively, and U2B outputs low power. If it is flat, LED2 will not be lit, U2A will output low level, Q2 will be cut off so that the electromagnetic coil of JDQ2 will not be energized, and E4 will not be connected to the experimental circuit; when JP2 is incorrectly connected to the experimental circuit, the input of U2A will be low level. , the input of U2B is high level, U2B outputs high level to light LED2 to remind the experimenter that the wiring of E4 is wrong, U2B outputs low level, Q2 is cut off, so that the electromagnetic coil of JDQ2 is not energized, and E4 is not connected to the experiment The circuit realizes the protection of E4; when the JP2 wiring is correct, the U2A input terminal is high level, the U2B input terminal is low level, the U2A output high level makes Q2 conduct, and Q2 conducts to make the coil of JDQ2 energized, Then connect E4 to the experimental circuit, U2B outputs a low level, and the light-emitting diode LED1 does not light up.
可见,无论是用非门器件还是与门器件构成的对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路,均可在所要保护的电解电容错误地接入其他实验电路中时,保持电解电容正极端始终处于断开状态,不会使其投入到电路中,并通过点亮发光二极管给出提示,避免了由于电解电容反接所导致的电容损坏、爆炸甚至危害生命和财产安全事故的发生。It can be seen that whether it is a protection circuit with a polarity electrolytic capacitor reversely connected by a NOT gate device or an AND gate device, when the electrolytic capacitor to be protected is mistakenly connected to other experimental circuits, the positive end of the electrolytic capacitor can always be maintained. In the disconnected state, it will not be put into the circuit, and the light-emitting diode is lit to give a prompt, which avoids the capacitor damage, explosion and even life and property safety accidents caused by the reverse connection of the electrolytic capacitor.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的用非门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路的电路图;Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram that realizes the protection circuit with polarity electrolytic capacitor reverse connection with NOT gate of the present invention;
图2为本发明的用与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路的电路图。FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a protection circuit for reversely connecting a polarized electrolytic capacitor with an AND gate according to the present invention.
图1中:1电容接线端JP1,2有极性电解电容E1,3非门U1A,4非门U1B,5非门U1C,6三极管Q1,7继电器JDQ1,8变压器TB1,9三端稳压管PV1,10发光二极管LED1。In Figure 1: 1 capacitor terminal JP1, 2 polar electrolytic capacitor E1, 3 NOT gate U1A, 4 NOT gate U1B, 5 NOT gate U1C, 6 transistor Q1, 7 relay JDQ1, 8 transformer TB1, 9 three-terminal regulator Tube PV1, 10 light-emitting diodes LED1.
图2中:11电容接线端JP2,12有极性电解电容E4,13与门U2A,14与门U2B,15发光二极管LED2,16三极管Q2,17继电器JDQ2,18变压器TB2,19三端稳压管PV2。In Figure 2: 11 capacitor terminal JP2, 12 polar electrolytic capacitor E4, 13 AND gate U2A, 14 AND gate U2B, 15 light-emitting diode LED2, 16 triode Q2, 17 relay JDQ2, 18 transformer TB2, 19 three-terminal voltage regulator Tube PV2.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1,如图1所示,给出了发明的用非门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路的电路图,其由电容接线端JP1(1)、有极性电解电容E1(2)和电容反接保护电路组成,电容接线端JP1由两个接线端(其标号分别为1和2),有极性电解电容E1的正极经继电器JDQ1的常开点与JP1上标号为1的接线端相连接,E1的负极直接与JP1上标号为2的接线端相连接。E1为被保护的用于接入其他实验电路中的有极性电解电容,JP1用于将E1接入其他电路。
电容反接保护电路由非门U1A(3)、非门U1B(4)、非门U1C(5)、三极管Q1(6)、继电器JDQ1(7)、发光二极管LED1(10)、直流电源电路以及二极管D1、D2、D3和D4组成,非门U1A的输入端经电阻R1与JP1的1号接线端相连接,U1C的输入端经电阻R2与JP2的2号接线端相连接,电阻R1和电阻R2的阻值较大(如均采用20kΩ),以起到限流隔离作用,保证E1通过JP1接到实验电路中后不会对电容反接保护电路产生破坏性影响。直流电源电路用于提供稳定的直流电,直流电的正极为Vcc。Capacitor reverse connection protection circuit consists of NOT gate U1A (3), NOT gate U1B (4), NOT gate U1C (5), transistor Q1 (6), relay JDQ1 (7), light-emitting diode LED1 (10), DC power supply circuit and Diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 are composed of diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4. The input terminal of the NOT gate U1A is connected to the No. 1 terminal of JP1 through the resistor R1, and the input terminal of U1C is connected to the No. 2 terminal of JP2 through the resistor R2. The resistor R1 and the resistor The resistance value of R2 is relatively large (for example, 20kΩ is used), so as to play the role of current limiting isolation and ensure that E1 will not have a destructive effect on the reverse capacitor protection circuit after it is connected to the experimental circuit through JP1. The DC power circuit is used to provide stable DC power, and the positive pole of the DC power is Vcc.
二极管D1的正极、负极分别与U1C的输入端和电源正极相连接,D2的正、负极分别与U1A的正极和电源正极相连接,D3的正极、负极分别与电源地和U1A的输入端相连接,D4的正、负极分别与电源地和U1C的输入端相连接。D1、D2起到高电平箝位作用,D3、D4起到低电平箝位作用,当E1经JP1被反接且施加在D1正极的电压大于Vcc(至少比Vcc大0.7V)时,D1导通使U1C输入端的电位不高于Vcc+0.7V,D3导通使U1A输入端的电压不会低于-0.7V;当E1被正确连接时,施加在D2正极的电压大于Vcc(至少比Vcc大0.7V)时,D2导通使U1A输入端的电压不会超过Vcc+0.7V,D4导通使U1C输入端的电压不会低于-0.7V,以保非门U1A和U1C的正常工作。The anode and cathode of diode D1 are connected to the input terminal of U1C and the anode of the power supply respectively, the anode and cathode of D2 are respectively connected to the anode of U1A and the anode of the power supply, and the anode and cathode of D3 are respectively connected to the power supply ground and the input terminal of U1A , the positive and negative poles of D4 are respectively connected to the power ground and the input terminal of U1C. D1 and D2 play the role of high-level clamps, and D3 and D4 play the role of low-level clamps. When E1 is reversely connected via JP1 and the voltage applied to the positive pole of D1 is greater than Vcc (at least 0.7V greater than Vcc), D1 is turned on so that the potential at the input of U1C is not higher than Vcc+0.7V, and D3 is turned on so that the voltage at the input of U1A will not be lower than -0.7V; when E1 is correctly connected, the voltage applied to the positive electrode of D2 is greater than Vcc (at least higher than When Vcc is greater than 0.7V), D2 is turned on so that the voltage at the input end of U1A will not exceed Vcc+0.7V, and D4 is turned on so that the voltage at the input end of U1C will not be lower than -0.7V, so as to ensure the normal operation of the NOT gates U1A and U1C.
非门U1A和U1C的输入端分别经电阻R3和电阻R4接于电源地上,当JP1没有接到其他实验电路或者虽然接到其他实验电路中但实验电路没有通电时, R3和R4分别将非门U1A和U1C输入端的电位拉为低电平。The input terminals of the NOT gates U1A and U1C are connected to the power supply ground through the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 respectively. When JP1 is not connected to other experimental circuits or is connected to other experimental circuits but the experimental circuit is not powered, R3 and R4 respectively connect the NOT gates. The potentials at the U1A and U1C inputs are pulled low.
非门U1A的输出端与非门U1B的输入端相连接,U1B的输出端经电阻R6与三极管Q1的基极相连接,Q1为NPN型三极管,三极管Q1的发射极接于电源地上,Q1的集电极与继电器JDQ1的线圈串联后接于电源正极上,以利用Q1的导通和截止来控制继电器JDQ1线圈的通电和断电。为了避免继电器JDQ1在断电的瞬间产生自感应高压,所示继电器JDQ1的两端并联有二极管D5,起到续流作用。所示非门U1C的输出端依次经电阻R5和发光二极管LED1接于电源正极上,当发光二极管LED1点亮时表明E1接线错误,提醒实验人员变换E1正负极的接入方式。The output end of the NOT gate U1A is connected to the input end of the NOT gate U1B, the output end of U1B is connected to the base of the transistor Q1 through the resistor R6, Q1 is an NPN transistor, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the power ground, and the The collector is connected in series with the coil of the relay JDQ1 and then connected to the positive pole of the power supply to control the energization and de-energization of the coil of the relay JDQ1 by using the on and off of Q1. In order to avoid the self-induced high voltage generated by the relay JDQ1 at the moment of power failure, the diode D5 is connected in parallel with the two ends of the relay JDQ1 to play a freewheeling function. The output terminal of the shown NOT gate U1C is connected to the positive pole of the power supply through the resistor R5 and the light-emitting diode LED1 in turn. When the light-emitting diode LED1 lights up, it indicates that the wiring of E1 is wrong, and reminds the experimenter to change the connection mode of the positive and negative poles of E1.
直流电源电路由由变压器TB1(8)、三端稳压管PV1(9)、电解电容E2、电解电容E3以及二极管D6、D7、D8和D9形成的全桥整流电路组成,变压器TB1的一次侧接于交流市电上,二次侧接于全桥整流电路的输入端,全桥整流电路输出端的正极接于三端稳压管PV1的输入端,三端稳压管PV1的输出端形成电源正极Vcc;电解电容E3设置于全桥整流电路的输出端,电解电容E2设置于三端稳压管PV1的输出端,E3、E2实现滤波和稳压作用。The DC power supply circuit consists of a full-bridge rectifier circuit formed by a transformer TB1 (8), a three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV1 (9), an electrolytic capacitor E2, an electrolytic capacitor E3 and diodes D6, D7, D8 and D9. The primary side of the transformer TB1 Connected to the AC mains, the secondary side is connected to the input end of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, the positive pole of the output end of the full-bridge rectifier circuit is connected to the input end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV1, and the output end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV1 forms the power supply The positive electrode is Vcc; the electrolytic capacitor E3 is set at the output end of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the electrolytic capacitor E2 is set at the output end of the three-terminal voltage regulator tube PV1, and E3 and E2 realize filtering and voltage regulation.
当变压器TB接上电源时,本发明的电容反接保护电路开始工作。When the transformer TB is connected to the power supply, the capacitor reverse connection protection circuit of the present invention starts to work.
当JP1没有接到其它实验电路中或虽然接到其它实验电路中但实验电路没有通电时:电阻R3、R4分别将非门U1A与U1C输入端拉到地电位,由于U1A输入端是低电位,其输出端侧是高电位,经过U1B反相,U1B输出低电位,三极管Q1截止, 继电器JDQ1的电磁线圈不通电,JD1常开触点不动作,被保护电容E1没有接入实验电路中;同时,由于U1C输入端是低电位,其输出端侧是高电位,指示灯两端等电位,因此发光二极管LED1不会发光。因此,此时有极性电解电容E1不会投入到外部的电路中,错误指示灯也不会发光:When JP1 is not connected to other experimental circuits or although it is connected to other experimental circuits but the experimental circuit is not energized: resistors R3 and R4 pull the input terminals of the NOT gates U1A and U1C to the ground potential respectively. Since the input terminal of U1A is low potential, Its output side is high potential, after U1B inversion, U1B outputs low potential, transistor Q1 is turned off, the electromagnetic coil of relay JDQ1 is not energized, the normally open contact of JD1 does not act, and the protected capacitor E1 is not connected to the experimental circuit; , Since the U1C input terminal is low potential, its output terminal side is high potential, the two ends of the indicator light are equipotential, so the light-emitting diode LED1 will not emit light. Therefore, at this time, the polar electrolytic capacitor E1 will not be put into the external circuit, and the error indicator will not light up:
当JP1以错误方式接到实验电路中并且实验电路通电时:外部实验电路形成的电流经过R2、R4、D3、R1形成回路,在R4两端形成下正上负的电压,如果电压高出Vcc很多,则会被D1箝位到Vcc+0.7V的电压,使U1C输出端电位=0,标志E1接线错误的指示灯LED1点亮。此时U1A输入端承受-0.7V的电压,U1A输出端是高电平,经过U1B反相后,U1B输出低电平,使Q1截止,继电器JDQ不动作,因此电容器E1不能投入,因此保护了E1。When JP1 is connected to the experimental circuit in a wrong way and the experimental circuit is powered on: the current formed by the external experimental circuit forms a loop through R2, R4, D3, and R1, and a positive and negative voltage is formed at both ends of R4. If the voltage is higher than Vcc If there are many, it will be clamped to the voltage of Vcc+0.7V by D1, so that the potential of the U1C output terminal = 0, and the indicator LED1, which marks the wrong wiring of E1, will light up. At this time, the input terminal of U1A is subjected to a voltage of -0.7V, and the output terminal of U1A is high level. After U1B inverts the phase, U1B outputs a low level, which makes Q1 cut off, and the relay JDQ does not operate, so the capacitor E1 cannot be put into use, so it protects the E1.
当JP1以正确方式接到实验电路中并且实验电路通电时:外部实验电路形成的电流经过R1、R3、D4、R2形成回路,在R3两端形成上正下负的电压,如果电压高出Vcc很多,则会被D2箝位到Vcc+0.7V的电压,使U1A输出端电位=0,经过U1B反相后,使Q1导通,继电器JDQ动作,因此电容器E1投入电路中。此时U1B输入端承受-0.7V的电压,使U1B输出端是高电位,错误标志指示灯LED两端等电位,因此不会发光。When JP1 is connected to the experimental circuit in the correct way and the experimental circuit is energized: the current formed by the external experimental circuit forms a loop through R1, R3, D4, and R2, and a positive and negative voltage is formed at both ends of R3. If the voltage is higher than Vcc For many, it will be clamped to the voltage of Vcc+0.7V by D2, so that the potential of the U1A output terminal = 0, after U1B inversion, the Q1 is turned on, the relay JDQ is activated, so the capacitor E1 is put into the circuit. At this time, the input terminal of U1B is subjected to a voltage of -0.7V, so that the output terminal of U1B is at a high potential, and the two ends of the error indicator LED are equipotential, so it will not emit light.
实施例2,如图2所示,给出了本发明的用与门实现对有极性电解电容反接的保护电路的电路图,其由电容接线端JP2(11)、有极性电解电容E4(12)和电容反接保护电路组成,E1为被保护的用于接到其他实验电路中的有极性电解电容,电容接线端JP2用于将E1接入其他电路中,JP2具有标号分别为1和2的两个接线端子,E4的正极经继电器JDQ2的常开点接于JP2的1号端子上,E4的负极直接与JP2的2号端子相连接。电容反接保护电路由与门U2A(13)、与门U2B(14)、发光二极管LED2(15)、三极管Q2(16)、继电器JDQ2(17)、直流电源电路以及二极管D10、D11、D12和D13组成,与门U2A的两个输入端短接在一起,U2B的两个输入端也短接在一起。
与门U2A的两个输入端经电阻R7与JP2的1号接线端相连接,U2B的两个输入端经电阻R8与JP2的2号接线端相连接,R7和R8采用较大阻值(如均采用20kΩ)的电阻,以起到限流隔离作用,保证E2通过JP2接到实验电路中后不会对电容反接保护电路产生破坏性影响。直流电源电路用于提供稳定的直流电,直流电的正极为Vcc。与门U2A的输入端、与门U2B的输入端分别经电阻R9和电阻R10接于电源地上,当JP2没有接到其他实验电路或者虽然接到其他实验电路中但实验电路没有通电时, R9和R10分别将与门U2A和与门U2B输入端的电位拉为低电平。The two input terminals of the AND gate U2A are connected to the No. 1 terminal of JP2 through the resistor R7, and the two input terminals of U2B are connected to the No. 2 terminal of JP2 through the resistor R8. R7 and R8 use larger resistance values (such as All use 20kΩ) resistors to play the role of current limiting isolation to ensure that E2 will not have a destructive effect on the reverse capacitor protection circuit after it is connected to the experimental circuit through JP2. The DC power circuit is used to provide stable DC power, and the positive pole of the DC power is Vcc. The input terminal of AND gate U2A and the input terminal of AND gate U2B are respectively connected to the power supply ground through resistor R9 and resistor R10. When JP2 is not connected to other experimental circuits or is connected to other experimental circuits but the experimental circuit is not powered, R9 and R10 pulls the potentials at the input terminals of the AND gate U2A and the AND gate U2B to a low level, respectively.
同样地,二极管D10的正极、负极分别与U2B的输入端和电源正极相连接,D11的正、负极分别与U2A的正极和电源正极相连接,D12的正极、负极分别与电源地和U2A的输入端相连接,D13的正、负极分别与电源地和U2B的输入端相连接。D10、D11起到高电平箝位作用,D12、D13起到低电平箝位作用,当E2经JP2被反接且施加在D10正极的电压大于Vcc(至少比Vcc大0.7V)时,D10导通使U2B输入端的电位不高于Vcc+0.7V,D12导通使U2A输入端的电压不会低于-0.7V;当E1被正确连接时,施加在D11正极的电压大于Vcc(至少比Vcc大0.7V)时,D11导通使U2A输入端的电压不会超过Vcc+0.7V,D13导通使U2B输入端的电压不会低于-0.7V,以保证与门U2A和U2B的正常工作。Similarly, the anode and cathode of diode D10 are connected to the input terminal of U2B and the anode of the power supply respectively, the anode and cathode of D11 are respectively connected to the anode of U2A and the anode of the power supply, the anode and cathode of D12 are respectively connected to the power supply ground and the input of U2A The positive and negative terminals of D13 are connected to the power ground and the input terminal of U2B respectively. D10, D11 play a high-level clamp, D12, D13 play a low-level clamp, when E2 is reversely connected via JP2 and the voltage applied to the positive pole of D10 is greater than Vcc (at least 0.7V greater than Vcc), D10 is turned on so that the potential of the U2B input terminal is not higher than Vcc+0.7V, and D12 is turned on so that the voltage of the U2A input terminal will not be lower than -0.7V; when E1 is correctly connected, the voltage applied to the positive electrode of D11 is greater than Vcc (at least higher than Vcc). When Vcc is greater than 0.7V), D11 is turned on so that the voltage at the input end of U2A will not exceed Vcc+0.7V, and D13 is turned on so that the voltage at the input end of U2B will not be lower than -0.7V to ensure the normal operation of the AND gates U2A and U2B.
与门U2A的输出端经电阻R11与三极管Q2的基极相连接,Q2为NPN型三极管,三极管Q2的发射极接于电源地上,集电极与继电器JDQ2的线圈串联后接于电源正上,以通过三极管Q2的导通和截止来控制继电器JDQ2线圈的通电和断电。为了避免继电器JDQ2的线圈在断电的瞬间出现自感高电压,其两端并联有续流二极管D14,二极管D14的正极接于Q2的集电极上,负极接于电源正上。所示与门U2B的输出端依次经电阻R12和发光二极管LED2接于电源地上,发光二极管LED2点亮表示有极性电解电容E4的接线错误,以提醒实验人员进行纠正。The output terminal of the AND gate U2A is connected to the base of the transistor Q2 through the resistor R11. Q2 is an NPN type transistor. The emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the power supply ground, and the collector is connected in series with the coil of the relay JDQ2 and then connected to the positive pole of the power supply. The on and off of the coil of the relay JDQ2 is controlled by the on and off of the transistor Q2. In order to avoid the self-inductive high voltage of the coil of the relay JDQ2 at the moment of power failure, a freewheeling diode D14 is connected in parallel at both ends. The anode of the diode D14 is connected to the collector of Q2, and the cathode is connected to the power supply. The output end of the AND gate U2B is connected to the power ground through the resistor R12 and the light-emitting diode LED2 in turn. The light-emitting diode LED2 lights up to indicate that there is a wiring error of the polar electrolytic capacitor E4 to remind the experimenter to correct it.
本实施例中直流电源由变压器TB2(18)、三端稳压管PV2(19)、电解电容E5、电解电容E6以及二极管D15、D16、D17和D18形成的全桥整流电路组成,本实施例中的直流电源电路与实施例1中的相同,只是元器件的标号不一样。In this embodiment, the DC power supply is composed of a transformer TB2 (18), a three-terminal voltage regulator PV2 (19), an electrolytic capacitor E5, an electrolytic capacitor E6 and a full-bridge rectifier circuit formed by diodes D15, D16, D17 and D18. The DC power supply circuit is the same as that in
当变压器TB2接上电源时,本实施例中的电容保护电路开始工作。When the transformer TB2 is connected to the power supply, the capacitor protection circuit in this embodiment starts to work.
当JP2没有接到其它实验电路中或虽然接到其它实验电路中但实验电路没有通电时:电阻R9、R10分别将与门U2A和与门U2B的输入端拉到地电位(低电平),U2A输出低电位,Q2截止, JDQ2的电磁线圈不通电,JDQ2常开触点不动作,被保护电容E4没有接入实验电路中;同时,由于U1B的输入端是低电位,其输出端也是低电位,指示灯LED2两端等电位,因此不会发光。因此,此时电容器E4不会投入到外部的电路中,错误指示灯LED2也不会发光:When JP2 is not connected to other experimental circuits or although it is connected to other experimental circuits but the experimental circuit is not powered on: resistors R9 and R10 respectively pull the input terminals of AND gate U2A and AND gate U2B to ground potential (low level), U2A outputs low potential, Q2 is off, the electromagnetic coil of JDQ2 is not energized, the normally open contact of JDQ2 does not operate, and the protected capacitor E4 is not connected to the experimental circuit; at the same time, since the input terminal of U1B is low potential, its output terminal is also low Potential, the two ends of the indicator LED2 are equipotential, so they will not emit light. Therefore, the capacitor E4 will not be put into the external circuit at this time, and the error indicator LED2 will not light up:
当JP2以错误方式接到实验电路中并且实验电路通电时:外部实验电路形成的电流经过R8、R10、D12、R7形成回路,在R10两都形成下正上负的电压,如果电压高出Vcc很多,U2B输出端则会被D10箝位到Vcc+0.7V的电压,使U2B输出端呈现高电位,标志E4接线错误的指示灯LED2点亮。此时U2A输入端承受-0.7V的电压,U2A输出端是低电平,使Q2截止,继电器JDQ2不动作,因此电容器E4不能投入,因此保护了E4。When JP2 is connected to the experimental circuit in a wrong way and the experimental circuit is energized: the current formed by the external experimental circuit forms a loop through R8, R10, D12, and R7, and both R10 form a positive and negative voltage. If the voltage is higher than Vcc For many, the U2B output terminal will be clamped to the voltage of Vcc+0.7V by D10, so that the U2B output terminal presents a high potential, and the indicator LED2, which indicates the wiring error of E4, will light up. At this time, the input terminal of U2A is subjected to a voltage of -0.7V, and the output terminal of U2A is low level, which makes Q2 cut off, and the relay JDQ2 does not operate, so the capacitor E4 cannot be put in, so E4 is protected.
当JP1以正确方式接到实验电路中并且实验电路通电时:外部实验电路形成的电流经过R1、R9、D13、R8形成回路,在R9两端形成上正下负的电压,如果电压高出Vcc很多,U1A输入端则会被D11箝位到Vcc+0.7V的电压,使U2A输出端呈现高电位,使Q2导通,继电器JDQ2动作,因此电容器E4投入电路中。此时U2B输入端承受-0.7V的电压,使U2B输出端是低电位,错误标志指示灯LED2两端等电位,因此不会发光。When JP1 is connected to the experimental circuit in the correct way and the experimental circuit is powered on: the current formed by the external experimental circuit forms a loop through R1, R9, D13, and R8, forming a positive and negative voltage at both ends of R9. If the voltage is higher than Vcc Many, the U1A input terminal will be clamped to the voltage of Vcc+0.7V by D11, so that the U2A output terminal presents a high potential, so that Q2 is turned on, and the relay JDQ2 operates, so the capacitor E4 is put into the circuit. At this time, the input terminal of U2B bears a voltage of -0.7V, so that the output terminal of U2B is low potential, and the two ends of the error indicator LED2 are equipotential, so it will not emit light.
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