CN111402194B - Method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fracture structure of granite uranium mining area - Google Patents

Method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fracture structure of granite uranium mining area Download PDF

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CN111402194B
CN111402194B CN201911299408.2A CN201911299408A CN111402194B CN 111402194 B CN111402194 B CN 111402194B CN 201911299408 A CN201911299408 A CN 201911299408A CN 111402194 B CN111402194 B CN 111402194B
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王俊虎
范洪海
庞雅庆
武鼎
郭帮杰
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Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of extraction of geologic information, and particularly relates to a method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fracture structures of a granite uranium mining area. The invention comprises the following steps: 1. optical and radar remote sensing data acquisition; 2. preprocessing optical remote sensing data; 3. preprocessing radar remote sensing data; 4. optical remote sensing data processing and information extraction; 5. extracting radar remote sensing data information and fusing the radar remote sensing data information and optical remote sensing data; 6. constructing a remote sensing identification mark of the exposed fracture structure; 7. constructing a hidden fracture construction remote sensing identification mark; 7. and (5) identifying exposed and hidden fracture structures. The method can quickly identify the exposed and hidden fracture structure of the uranium mining area of the granite, and has important significance for analyzing the uranium mining environment of the area and guiding the uranium mining work deployment.

Description

适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法A method suitable for identification of exposed and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas

技术领域Technical field

本发明属地学信息提取技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of geological information extraction, and specifically relates to a method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas.

背景技术Background technique

花岗岩铀矿是指与花岗岩体有紧密空间关系和成因关系的热液型矿床,它产在岩体内部或其外围一定的范围内。花岗岩铀矿床在我国分布相当广泛,据相关文献统计,我国是世界上花岗岩型铀矿床最发育、类型最多样、分布最广泛的国家,花岗岩铀矿可以说是我国铀矿首要的主力类型。Granite uranium deposits refer to hydrothermal deposits that have a close spatial and genetic relationship with granite bodies. They occur within a certain range within the rock mass or its periphery. Granite uranium deposits are widely distributed in my country. According to relevant literature statistics, my country is the country with the most developed, most diverse and most widely distributed granite-type uranium deposits in the world. Granite uranium deposits can be said to be the main type of uranium deposits in my country.

断裂构造是控制花岗岩铀矿的形成与分布的主要因素之一,它不仅为含矿溶液提供运移通道和聚集场所,而且为成矿物质的重新分配和富集创造了必要的物理化学条件。但花岗岩铀成矿地区植被和第四系覆盖率较高,部分断裂构造出露,部分断裂构造隐伏。因此,准确识别出露和隐伏断裂构造对于花岗岩铀矿成矿环境分析和远景预测具有重要的指导意义。Fault structure is one of the main factors controlling the formation and distribution of uranium deposits in granite. It not only provides migration channels and gathering places for ore-containing solutions, but also creates necessary physical and chemical conditions for the redistribution and enrichment of mineral-forming minerals. However, vegetation and Quaternary coverage in granite uranium mineralization areas are relatively high, with some fault structures exposed and some hidden. Therefore, accurate identification of exposed and hidden fault structures has important guiding significance for the analysis and prospect prediction of granite uranium mineralization environments.

现今,识别出露和隐伏断裂构造的技术方法主要为常规地质学方法(如岩石学、矿物学方法、野外实测法等)、勘探地球物理(如重力、电磁等)、勘探地球化学(如地气_X荧光_氡气测量、射气测量、成矿元素地球化学法等)和生物学方法等,这些技术方法在出露和隐伏断裂构造识别中发挥了积极有效的作用,但该类方法人工和经济成本高、周期长,且探测范围有限,不利于大范围推广使用。传统的断裂构造遥感识别技术作为实现我国地质工作现代化的一种先进技术方法,虽然也在出露和隐伏断裂构造中发挥了积极的作用,但因遥感影像的空间分辨率低,解译不确定高,且隐伏断裂构造的识别难度大等劣势,在实际应用中受到了较多地学工作者的质疑。Nowadays, the technical methods for identifying exposed and hidden fault structures mainly include conventional geological methods (such as petrology, mineralogy methods, field measurement methods, etc.), exploration geophysics (such as gravity, electromagnetic, etc.), and exploration geochemistry (such as geophysical methods). Gas, The labor and economic costs are high, the cycle is long, and the detection range is limited, which is not conducive to large-scale promotion and use. As an advanced technical method to modernize geological work in my country, traditional fault structure remote sensing identification technology has also played an active role in exposed and hidden fault structures. However, due to the low spatial resolution of remote sensing images, the interpretation is uncertain. Disadvantages such as high density and difficulty in identifying hidden fault structures have been questioned by many geoscientists in practical applications.

随着遥感数据空间分辨率的不断提高、技术手段的日益完善,以及雷达遥感应用的不断深入,应用多源遥感技术准确识别出露和隐伏断裂构造已成为可能。因此,针对花岗岩铀成矿区既有出露断裂构造又有隐伏断裂构造的现状,开发一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法十分必要。With the continuous improvement of the spatial resolution of remote sensing data, the improvement of technical means, and the deepening of the application of radar remote sensing, it has become possible to accurately identify exposed and hidden fault structures using multi-source remote sensing technology. Therefore, in view of the current situation that granite uranium mineralization areas have both exposed and hidden fault structures, it is very necessary to develop a method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,可快速、准确识别断裂构造,降低工作成本。The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fracture structures in granite uranium mineralization areas, which can quickly and accurately identify fracture structures and reduce work costs.

为解决上述技术问题,本发明一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,依次包括如下步骤:In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is a method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas, which in turn includes the following steps:

步骤一、光学和雷达遥感数据获取:选取覆盖我国某一花岗岩铀成矿区,且数据采集质量高的ETM+光学遥感数据和RadarSat2雷达遥感数据;Step 1. Acquisition of optical and radar remote sensing data: Select ETM+ optical remote sensing data and RadarSat2 radar remote sensing data that cover a certain granite uranium mineralization area in my country and have high data collection quality;

步骤二、光学遥感数据预处理:对步骤一中获取的ETM+光学遥感数据进行预处理,包括辐射校正、几何校正和噪声去除,获取预处理后的ETM+光学遥感数据;Step 2. Optical remote sensing data preprocessing: Preprocess the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 1, including radiation correction, geometric correction and noise removal, and obtain the preprocessed ETM+ optical remote sensing data;

步骤三、雷达遥感数据预处理:对步骤一中获取的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据进行预处理,包括聚焦、多视、辐射校正、几何校正、滤波,获取预处理后的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据;Step 3. Preprocessing of radar remote sensing data: Preprocess the RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data obtained in step 1, including focusing, multi-view, radiation correction, geometric correction, and filtering, and obtain the preprocessed RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data. ;

步骤四、光学遥感数据处理和信息提取:对步骤二中获取的ETM+光学遥感数据进行三波段彩色合成、彩色和全色数据融合,获取彩色融合影像,对ETM+光学遥感数据单个波段进行纹理信息提取,获取纹理信息影像;Step 4. Optical remote sensing data processing and information extraction: perform three-band color synthesis, color and full-color data fusion on the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 2, obtain color fusion images, and extract texture information from a single band of the ETM+ optical remote sensing data. , obtain the texture information image;

步骤五、雷达遥感数据信息提取及与光学遥感数据融合:对步骤三中获取的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据进行纹理信息提取,并与步骤四中获取ETM+光学遥感数据三波段彩色合成影像进行数据融合,获取既包含不同岩石电磁反射波谱特征,又包含地形地貌等纹理信息的光学和雷达数据融合影像;Step 5. Radar remote sensing data information extraction and fusion with optical remote sensing data: Extract texture information from the RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data obtained in step 3, and perform data fusion with the three-band color composite image of the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 4. , obtain optical and radar data fusion images that contain not only the electromagnetic reflection spectrum characteristics of different rocks, but also texture information such as topography and landforms;

步骤六、出露断裂构造遥感识别标志构建:在步骤四获取的ETM+光学遥感数据三波段彩色影像上同时满足下述标志时,即可判定为出露的断裂构造。标志1:呈现特定的线状影纹特征,影像中岩体、地层被切割或错开,地层影纹不连续,杂乱无章;标志2:在步骤五获取的光学与雷达数据彩色融合影像上显示为阴影与亮色调紧密衔接,地貌为破碎的山体垭口形态,岩石破碎散落成垄岗,局部形成单面山,断裂通过的山体顶部发育硅化带,耐侵蚀能力强,形成特定地形;标志3:沿山体断裂面有较薄的土壤覆盖层,植被稀少,水系不发育。Step 6. Construction of remote sensing identification marks for exposed fracture structures: When the following marks are met simultaneously on the three-band color image of ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 4, it can be determined as an exposed fracture structure. Sign 1: Specific linear shadow pattern characteristics are present. The rock mass and strata in the image are cut or staggered, and the stratigraphic shadow patterns are discontinuous and chaotic. Sign 2: Shown as a shadow on the color fusion image of optical and radar data obtained in step 5. Closely connected with the bright colors, the landform is in the shape of a broken mountain pass. The rocks are broken and scattered into ridges, partially forming one-sided mountains. Silicified zones develop on the top of the mountain where the fault passes, which has strong erosion resistance and forms a specific terrain. Mark 3: Along the mountain The fault surface has a thin soil covering layer, sparse vegetation, and undeveloped water systems.

步骤七、隐伏断裂构造遥感识别标志构建:在步骤四中获取的ETM+光学遥感数据单波段纹理信息提取影像中呈现如下标志:标志1:明显的“倒钩状”河道水系,其水系特点是多条支流与主流以钝角相交,该异常水系河道的存在是断裂控制的典型标志。标志2:主河道两侧有明显的汇流集中现象;在步骤五获取的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据纹理信息提取影像中呈现如下标志:标志1:明显的蜿蜒状曲线深色调异常;标志2:土壤覆盖层一般小于某个特定厚度,植被发育。同时满足上述4个标志时,即可判定为隐伏的断裂构造。Step 7. Construction of hidden fault structure remote sensing identification marks: The following marks appear in the single-band texture information extraction image of the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 4: Mark 1: An obvious "barb-shaped" river system, with multiple water system characteristics. A tributary intersects the main stream at an obtuse angle. The existence of this abnormal river channel is a typical sign of fault control. Sign 2: There are obvious confluence concentrations on both sides of the main river; the following signs appear in the texture information extraction image of RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data obtained in step five: Sign 1: Obvious meandering curves with dark tones are abnormal; Sign 2: The soil cover is generally less than a certain thickness and vegetation develops. When the above four signs are met at the same time, it can be determined to be a hidden fracture structure.

步骤八、出露和隐伏断裂构造识别:在地理信息系统软件平台下,基于步骤六中构建的出露断裂构造识别标志,识别出遥感影像范围内所有的出露断裂构造,并用特定颜色的实线标示;基于步骤七中构建的隐伏断裂构造识别标志,识别出上述遥感影像范围内所有的隐伏断裂构造,并用特定颜色的虚线标示;所有特定颜色标示的实线和虚线即为识别的出露和隐伏断裂构造。Step 8. Identification of exposed and hidden fault structures: Under the geographic information system software platform, based on the exposed fault structure identification mark constructed in step 6, identify all exposed fault structures within the range of remote sensing images, and use specific colors to identify them. Line marking; Based on the hidden fault structure identification mark constructed in step 7, all hidden fault structures within the range of the above remote sensing images are identified and marked with dotted lines of specific colors; all solid lines and dotted lines marked with specific colors are identified exposures and hidden fault structures.

采集光学和雷达遥感数据的采集时间为正午时分,且天空无云、信噪比高;光学遥感数据是指美国航空航天局发射,最大空间分辨率为15米,具有可见-短波-热红外8个波段的Landsat7 ETM+数据;雷达遥感数据是指加拿大太空署发射的搭载C波段,频率为5.4GHZ传感器的高分辨率RadarSat-2合成孔径成像雷达数据,数据采用全极化精细模式,标称分辨率为8米。The collection time of optical and radar remote sensing data is noon, when the sky is cloudless and the signal-to-noise ratio is high; the optical remote sensing data is transmitted by NASA, with a maximum spatial resolution of 15 meters and visible-shortwave-thermal infrared 8 Landsat7 ETM+ data of several bands; radar remote sensing data refers to the high-resolution RadarSat-2 synthetic aperture imaging radar data launched by the Canadian Space Agency equipped with C-band and frequency 5.4GHZ sensors. The data adopts full polarization fine mode and nominal resolution The rate is 8 meters.

所述步骤二中,辐射校正采用辐射回归分析法完成,几何校正采用多项式纠正法完成,噪声去除采用中值滤波法完成。In the second step, the radiation correction is completed using the radiation regression analysis method, the geometric correction is completed using the polynomial correction method, and the noise removal is completed using the median filtering method.

所述步骤三中,聚焦是指是对获取的雷达数据的原始数据进行处理,直接输出单视复数产品数据;多视是指为了抑制雷达数据中的相干斑噪声,改善图像的信噪比,在横向频域上进行的处理;辐射校正采用雷达数据提供的查找表数据来完成;几何校正采用雷达数据提供的有理多项式模型和控制点实际坐标完成;滤波采用归一化Freeman分解法完成。In the third step, focusing refers to processing the original data of the acquired radar data and directly outputting single-view complex product data; multi-view refers to suppressing the coherent speckle noise in the radar data and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the image. The processing is carried out in the transverse frequency domain; the radiation correction is completed using the lookup table data provided by the radar data; the geometric correction is completed using the rational polynomial model and the actual coordinates of the control points provided by the radar data; the filtering is completed using the normalized Freeman decomposition method.

所述步骤四中,三波段彩色合成是指对ETM+遥感数据第七、第五、第二3个波段进行彩色变换,并通过对比度拉伸形成彩色影像;数据融合是指基于主成分分析法对上述合成的三波段彩色影像和ETM+遥感数据第八波段进行融合,获取空间分辨率为15米的ETM+彩色融合影像;单波段纹理信息提取是指基于概率统计的滤波法对ETM+遥感数据第二波段的纹理信息进行提取。In the fourth step, three-band color synthesis refers to performing color transformation on the seventh, fifth, and second bands of ETM+ remote sensing data, and forming a color image through contrast stretching; data fusion refers to performing color transformation based on principal component analysis. The above synthesized three-band color image is fused with the eighth band of ETM+ remote sensing data to obtain an ETM+ color fusion image with a spatial resolution of 15 meters; single-band texture information extraction refers to the filtering method based on probability and statistics for the second band of ETM+ remote sensing data. Texture information is extracted.

所述步骤五中,纹理信息提取是指基于二阶概率统计的滤波法对RadarSat-2雷达数据的纹理信息进行提取;数据融合是指对步骤四中获取的ETM+彩色合成影像进行HSB变换,然后将上述获取的RadarSat-2雷达纹理信息数据代替HSB变换后的B分量,将替换后的HSB影像变换为RGB彩色影像。In step five, texture information extraction refers to extracting texture information from RadarSat-2 radar data using a filtering method based on second-order probability statistics; data fusion refers to HSB transformation of the ETM+ color composite image obtained in step four, and then The RadarSat-2 radar texture information data obtained above is used to replace the B component after HSB transformation, and the replaced HSB image is converted into an RGB color image.

所述步骤六中,ETM+三波段彩色影像是指ETM+第七、第五、第二3个波段的彩色合成影像;特定的线状影纹特征是指忽宽忽窄、时隐时现、断续延伸的影纹特征;光学与雷达数据彩色融合影像指ETM+第七、第五、第二3个波段的彩色合成影像与RadarSat-2雷达纹理信息数据进行融合后的影像;特定地形指“薯垄”状地形。In step six, the ETM+ three-band color image refers to the color composite image of the seventh, fifth, and second bands of ETM+; the specific linear shadow pattern characteristics refer to the widening and narrowing, appearing and disappearing, and discontinuity. The continuously extending shadow pattern characteristics; the color fusion image of optical and radar data refers to the image that is the fusion of the color composite image of the seventh, fifth, and second bands of ETM+ and the RadarSat-2 radar texture information data; the specific terrain refers to the "potato" "Ridge" shaped terrain.

所述步骤七中,ETM+单波段纹理信息提取影像指ETM+第二波段的纹理信息提取影像;多条支流与主流以钝角相交指主流与支流相交的锐角指向与流向相反;某个特定厚度指厚度小于30cm。In the seventh step, the ETM+single-band texture information extraction image refers to the ETM+second-band texture information extraction image; multiple tributaries intersecting the main stream at an obtuse angle means that the acute angle between the main stream and the tributaries points in the opposite direction to the flow direction; a specific thickness refers to the thickness Less than 30cm.

所述步骤八中,地理信息系统软件是指ARCGIS、MapGIS等通用地理制图软件;遥感影像范围指步骤四中获取的空间分辨率为15米的ETM+第七、第五、第二3个波段的彩色融合影像范围;特定颜色指红色,实线代表出露断裂构造,虚线代表隐伏断裂构造。In step eight, the geographic information system software refers to general geographic mapping software such as ARCGIS and MapGIS; the remote sensing image range refers to the ETM with a spatial resolution of 15 meters obtained in step four + the seventh, fifth, and second bands. Color fusion image range; the specific color refers to red, the solid line represents exposed fault structures, and the dotted line represents hidden fault structures.

本发明的有益技术效果在于:The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

(1)本发明提供的一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,能够快速识别花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造,大大降低了断裂构造地质调查和物化探方法探测成本;(1) The present invention provides a method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fracture structures in granite uranium mineralization areas, which can quickly identify exposed and hidden fracture structures in granite uranium mineralization areas, greatly reducing the time required for geological surveys of fracture structures and geophysical and geochemical exploration methods. cost of detection;

(2)本发明提供的一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,对分析花岗岩铀成矿区铀成矿环境具有重要的意义,也为该区铀矿勘查工作部署提供了重要的依据。(2) The present invention provides a method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas. It is of great significance for analyzing the uranium mineralization environment of granite uranium mineralization areas, and also provides information for the deployment of uranium exploration work in the area. important basis.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to examples.

本发明一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,包括如下步骤:The present invention is a method suitable for identifying outcrops and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas, including the following steps:

步骤一、光学和雷达遥感数据获取。选取覆盖我国某一个已经发现花岗岩铀矿床(点),植被和第四系覆盖率较高且断裂构造发育的花岗岩铀成矿区,光学遥感数据为由美国航空航天局(NASA)发射,最大空间分辨率为15米,具有可见-短波-热红外8个波段的Landsat7 ETM+光学遥感数据;雷达遥感数据为加拿大太空署发射的搭载C波段(频率为5.4GHZ)传感器拍摄,并采用全极化精细模式,标称分辨率为8米的RadarSat-2合成孔径成像雷达遥感数据;数据的采集时间均为正午时分,天空无云、信噪比高;Step 1. Obtain optical and radar remote sensing data. Select a granite uranium mineralization area covering a certain granite uranium deposit (spot) in my country, with high vegetation and Quaternary coverage and developed fault structures. The optical remote sensing data was launched by NASA with the maximum spatial resolution. Landsat7 ETM+ optical remote sensing data with a frequency of 15 meters and 8 bands of visible, shortwave and thermal infrared; the radar remote sensing data is captured by a C-band (frequency 5.4GHZ) sensor launched by the Canadian Space Agency, and adopts full polarization fine mode , RadarSat-2 synthetic aperture imaging radar remote sensing data with a nominal resolution of 8 meters; the data collection time is noon, the sky is cloudless and the signal-to-noise ratio is high;

步骤二、光学遥感数据预处理。对步骤一中获取的ETM+光学遥感数据采用辐射回归分析法完成辐射校正,采用多项式纠正法完成几何校正,采用中值滤波法完成噪声去除等预处理,获取预处理后的ETM+光学遥感数据;Step 2: Optical remote sensing data preprocessing. For the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 1, the radiation regression analysis method is used to complete the radiation correction, the polynomial correction method is used to complete the geometric correction, and the median filtering method is used to complete preprocessing such as noise removal, and the preprocessed ETM+ optical remote sensing data is obtained;

步骤三、雷达遥感数据预处理。对步骤一中获取的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据进行处理,直接输出单视复数产品数据,为抑制雷达数据中的相干斑噪声,改善图像的信噪比,在横向频域上进行进一步处理;采用雷达数据提供的查找表数据完成辐射校正,采用雷达数据提供的有理多项式模型和控制点实际坐标完成几何校正,采用归一化Freeman分解法完成滤波处理,获取预处理后的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据;Step 3: Preprocessing of radar remote sensing data. Process the RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data obtained in step 1 and directly output the single-view complex product data. In order to suppress the coherent speckle noise in the radar data and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image, further processing is performed in the transverse frequency domain; using The lookup table data provided by the radar data is used to complete the radiation correction, the rational polynomial model and the actual coordinates of the control points provided by the radar data are used to complete the geometric correction, the normalized Freeman decomposition method is used to complete the filtering process, and the preprocessed RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data is obtained. ;

步骤四、光学遥感数据处理和信息提取。对步骤二中获取的ETM+光学遥感数据第七、第五、第二3个波段进行彩色变换,并通过对比度拉伸形成彩色影像,基于主成分分析法对上述合成的三波段彩色影像和ETM+光学遥感数据第八波段进行融合,获取空间分辨率为15米的ETM+752彩色融合影像,基于概率统计的滤波法对ETM+遥感数据第二波段的纹理信息进行提取,获取纹理信息影像;Step 4: Optical remote sensing data processing and information extraction. Color transform the seventh, fifth, and second bands of the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 2, and form a color image through contrast stretching. Based on the principal component analysis method, the above synthesized three-band color image and ETM+ optical The eighth band of remote sensing data is fused to obtain an ETM+752 color fusion image with a spatial resolution of 15 meters. The filtering method based on probability statistics is used to extract the texture information of the second band of the ETM+ remote sensing data to obtain the texture information image;

步骤五、雷达遥感数据信息提取及与光学遥感数据融合。基于二阶概率统计的滤波法对步骤三中获取的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据进行纹理信息提取,获取雷达数据纹理信息影像,对步骤四中获取的ETM+752彩色融合影像进行HSB变换,然后将雷达纹理信息影像代替HSB变换后的B分量,将替换后的HSB影像变换为RGB彩色影像,获取既包含不同岩石电磁反射波谱特征,又包含地形地貌等纹理信息的光学和雷达数据融合影像;Step 5: Extract radar remote sensing data information and fuse it with optical remote sensing data. The filtering method based on second-order probability statistics is used to extract texture information from the RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data obtained in step three, and obtain the radar data texture information image. HSB transformation is performed on the ETM+752 color fusion image obtained in step four, and then The radar texture information image replaces the B component after HSB transformation, and the replaced HSB image is converted into an RGB color image to obtain an optical and radar data fusion image that contains not only the electromagnetic reflection spectrum characteristics of different rocks, but also texture information such as topography and landforms;

步骤六、出露断裂构造遥感识别标志构建。在步骤四获取的ETM+752彩色融合影像上呈现忽宽忽窄、时隐时现、断续延伸的影纹特征,岩体、地层影像被切割或错开,地层影纹不连续,杂乱无章;在步骤五获取的ETM+752彩色影像与RadarSat-2纹理信息影像融合后的影像上显示为阴影与亮色调紧密衔接,地貌为破碎的山体垭口形态,岩石破碎散落成垄岗,局部形成单面山,断裂通过的山体顶部发育硅化带,耐侵蚀能力强,形成“薯垄”状地形;沿山体断裂面有较薄的土壤覆盖层,植被稀少,水系不发育;同时满足上述标志时,即可识别为出露的断裂构造;Step 6: Construction of remote sensing identification marks for exposed fault structures. The ETM+752 color fusion image obtained in step 4 shows the characteristics of shadow patterns that are wide and narrow, disappear and appear, and extend intermittently. The rock mass and formation images are cut or staggered, and the formation shadow patterns are discontinuous and chaotic; in The fused ETM+752 color image obtained in step five and the RadarSat-2 texture information image show that shadows and bright tones are closely connected. The landform is in the shape of a broken mountain pass. The rocks are broken and scattered into ridges, and some parts form single-sided mountains. , the top of the mountain where the fault passes develops a silicified zone, which has strong erosion resistance, forming a "potato ridge"-like terrain; there is a thin soil covering layer along the mountain fault surface, with sparse vegetation and undeveloped water systems; when the above signs are met at the same time, it can Identified as exposed fracture structures;

步骤七、隐伏断裂构造遥感识别标志构建。在步骤四获取的ETM+第二波段纹理信息提取影像上,呈现明显的“倒钩状”河道水系,其水系特点是多条支流与主流以钝角相交,即主流与支流相交的锐角指向与流向相反,该异常水系河道的存在是断裂控制的典型标志。此外,主河道两侧有明显的汇流集中现象,说明在该断裂带通过处引起了地层的尖锐褶皱;在步骤五获取的RadarSat-2纹理信息提取影像中,呈现明显的蜿蜒状曲线深色调异常;该类型地区土壤覆盖层厚度一般小于30cm,植被发育。同时满足上述标志时,即可识别为隐伏的断裂构造;Step 7: Construction of remote sensing identification marks for hidden fault structures. On the ETM+ second band texture information extraction image obtained in step 4, there is an obvious "barb-shaped" river system. The water system is characterized by multiple tributaries intersecting the main stream at obtuse angles, that is, the acute angle where the main stream intersects the tributaries points in the opposite direction to the flow direction. , the existence of this abnormal river channel is a typical sign of fault control. In addition, there are obvious confluence phenomena on both sides of the main river channel, indicating that the fault zone has caused sharp folds in the strata; in the RadarSat-2 texture information extraction image obtained in step 5, there are obvious sinuous curves with dark tones. Abnormal; the thickness of the soil cover in this type of area is generally less than 30cm, and vegetation is developed. When the above signs are met at the same time, it can be identified as a hidden fracture structure;

步骤八、出露和隐伏断裂构造识别。在ARCGIS、MapGIS等通用地理信息系统软件平台下,基于步骤六中构建的出露断裂构造识别标志,识别出空间分辨率为15米的ETM+752彩色融合影像范围所有出露的断裂构造,并用红色实线标示;基于步骤七中构建的隐伏断裂构造识别标志,识别出上述遥感影像范围内所有的隐伏断裂构造,并用红色虚线标示;所有标示的红色实线和红色虚线即为识别的出露和隐伏断裂构造。Step 8: Identify exposed and hidden fault structures. Under general geographical information system software platforms such as ARCGIS and MapGIS, based on the exposed fault structure identification marks constructed in step six, all exposed fault structures in the ETM+752 color fusion image range with a spatial resolution of 15 meters are identified and used Marked by a red solid line; based on the hidden fault structure identification mark constructed in step 7, all hidden fault structures within the range of the above remote sensing images are identified and marked with a red dotted line; all marked red solid lines and red dotted lines are identified exposures and hidden fault structures.

上面对本发明的实施例作了详细说明,上述实施方式仅为本发明的最优实施例,但是本发明并不限于上述实施例,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. The above-mentioned embodiments are only the best embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art, other embodiments may also be used. Various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (5)

1.一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:1. A method suitable for identifying exposed and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas, which is characterized by including the following steps: 步骤一、光学和雷达遥感数据获取:选取覆盖我国某一花岗岩铀成矿区,且数据采集质量高的ETM+光学遥感数据和RadarSat2雷达遥感数据;Step 1. Acquisition of optical and radar remote sensing data: Select ETM+ optical remote sensing data and RadarSat2 radar remote sensing data that cover a certain granite uranium mineralization area in my country and have high data collection quality; 步骤二、光学遥感数据预处理:对步骤一中获取的ETM+光学遥感数据进行预处理,包括辐射校正、几何校正和噪声去除,获取预处理后的ETM+光学遥感数据;Step 2. Optical remote sensing data preprocessing: Preprocess the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 1, including radiation correction, geometric correction and noise removal, and obtain the preprocessed ETM+ optical remote sensing data; 步骤三、雷达遥感数据预处理:对步骤一中获取的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据进行预处理,包括聚焦、多视、辐射校正、几何校正、滤波,获取预处理后的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据;Step 3. Preprocessing of radar remote sensing data: Preprocess the RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data obtained in step 1, including focusing, multi-view, radiation correction, geometric correction, and filtering, and obtain the preprocessed RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data. ; 步骤四、光学遥感数据处理和信息提取:对步骤二中获取的ETM+光学遥感数据进行三波段彩色合成、彩色和全色数据融合,获取彩色融合影像,对ETM+光学遥感数据单个波段进行纹理信息提取,获取纹理信息影像;Step 4. Optical remote sensing data processing and information extraction: perform three-band color synthesis, color and full-color data fusion on the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 2, obtain color fusion images, and extract texture information from a single band of the ETM+ optical remote sensing data. , obtain the texture information image; 所述步骤四中,三波段彩色合成是指对ETM+遥感数据第七、第五、第二3个波段进行彩色变换,并通过对比度拉伸形成彩色影像;数据融合是指基于主成分分析法对上述合成的三波段彩色影像和ETM+遥感数据第八波段进行融合,获取空间分辨率为15米的ETM+彩色融合影像;单波段纹理信息提取是指基于概率统计的滤波法对ETM+遥感数据第二波段的纹理信息进行提取;In the fourth step, three-band color synthesis refers to performing color transformation on the seventh, fifth, and second bands of ETM+ remote sensing data, and forming a color image through contrast stretching; data fusion refers to performing color transformation based on principal component analysis. The above synthesized three-band color image is fused with the eighth band of ETM+ remote sensing data to obtain an ETM+ color fusion image with a spatial resolution of 15 meters; single-band texture information extraction refers to the filtering method based on probability and statistics for the second band of ETM+ remote sensing data. Texture information is extracted; 步骤五、雷达遥感数据信息提取及与光学遥感数据融合:对步骤三中获取的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据进行纹理信息提取,并与步骤四中获取ETM+光学遥感数据三波段彩色合成影像进行数据融合,获取既包含不同岩石电磁反射波谱特征,又包含地形地貌纹理信息的光学和雷达数据融合影像;Step 5. Radar remote sensing data information extraction and fusion with optical remote sensing data: Extract texture information from the RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data obtained in step 3, and perform data fusion with the three-band color composite image of the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 4. , obtain optical and radar data fusion images that contain not only the electromagnetic reflection spectrum characteristics of different rocks, but also terrain and landform texture information; 步骤六、出露断裂构造遥感识别标志构建:在步骤四获取的ETM+光学遥感数据三波段彩色影像上同时满足下述标志时,即判定为出露的断裂构造;标志1:呈现特定的线状影纹特征,影像中岩体、地层被切割或错开,地层影纹不连续,杂乱无章;标志2:在步骤五获取的光学与雷达数据彩色融合影像上显示为阴影与亮色调紧密衔接,地貌为破碎的山体垭口形态,岩石破碎散落成垄岗,局部形成单面山,断裂通过的山体顶部发育硅化带,耐侵蚀能力强,形成特定地形;标志3:沿山体断裂面有较薄的土壤覆盖层,植被稀少,水系不发育;Step 6. Construction of remote sensing identification marks for exposed fracture structures: When the following marks are met simultaneously on the three-band color image of the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 4, it is determined to be an exposed fracture structure; Mark 1: Shows a specific line shape Shadow pattern characteristics: the rock mass and strata in the image are cut or staggered, and the formation shadow patterns are discontinuous and chaotic; Mark 2: The color fusion image of optical and radar data obtained in step five shows that shadows and bright tones are closely connected, and the landform is In the form of a broken mountain pass, the rocks are broken and scattered into ridges and hills, partially forming a single-sided mountain. A silicified zone develops on the top of the mountain where the fault passes, which has strong erosion resistance and forms a specific terrain; sign 3: There is thin soil coverage along the mountain fault surface. layer, with sparse vegetation and undeveloped water systems; 所述步骤六中,ETM+三波段彩色影像是指ETM+第七、第五、第二3个波段的彩色合成影像;特定的线状影纹特征是指忽宽忽窄、时隐时现、断续延伸的影纹特征;光学与雷达数据彩色融合影像指ETM+第七、第五、第二3个波段的彩色合成影像与RadarSat-2雷达纹理信息数据进行融合后的影像;特定地形指“薯垄”状地形;In step six, the ETM+ three-band color image refers to the color composite image of the seventh, fifth, and second bands of ETM+; the specific linear shadow pattern characteristics refer to the widening and narrowing, appearing and disappearing, and discontinuity. The continuously extending shadow pattern characteristics; the color fusion image of optical and radar data refers to the image that is the fusion of the color composite image of the seventh, fifth, and second bands of ETM+ and the RadarSat-2 radar texture information data; the specific terrain refers to the "potato" "Ridge" shaped terrain; 步骤七、隐伏断裂构造遥感识别标志构建:在步骤四中获取的ETM+光学遥感数据单波段纹理信息提取影像中呈现如下标志:标志1:明显的“倒钩状”河道水系,其水系特点是多条支流与主流以钝角相交,该水系河道的存在是断裂控制的典型标志;标志2:主河道两侧有明显的汇流集中现象;在步骤五获取的RadarSat-2雷达遥感数据纹理信息提取影像中呈现如下标志:标志1:明显的蜿蜒状曲线深色调异常;标志2:土壤覆盖层小于某个特定厚度,植被发育;同时满足上述4个标志时,即判定为隐伏的断裂构造;Step 7. Construction of hidden fault structure remote sensing identification marks: The following marks appear in the single-band texture information extraction image of the ETM+ optical remote sensing data obtained in step 4: Mark 1: An obvious "barb-shaped" river system, with multiple water system characteristics. A tributary intersects with the main stream at an obtuse angle. The existence of this river system is a typical sign of fault control; Sign 2: There are obvious confluence concentrations on both sides of the main river channel; in the texture information extraction image of RadarSat-2 radar remote sensing data obtained in step 5 The following signs are present: Sign 1: Obvious meandering curves with abnormal dark tones; Sign 2: The soil covering layer is less than a certain thickness and vegetation is developed; when the above four signs are met at the same time, it is determined to be a hidden fracture structure; 所述步骤七中,ETM+单波段纹理信息提取影像指ETM+第二波段的纹理信息提取影像;多条支流与主流以钝角相交指主流与支流相交的锐角指向与流向相反;某个特定厚度指30cm;In the seventh step, the ETM+single-band texture information extraction image refers to the ETM+second-band texture information extraction image; multiple tributaries intersecting the main stream at an obtuse angle means that the acute angle between the main stream and the tributaries points in the opposite direction to the flow direction; a specific thickness refers to 30cm ; 步骤八、出露和隐伏断裂构造识别:在地理信息系统软件平台下,基于步骤六中构建的出露断裂构造识别标志,识别出遥感影像范围内所有的出露断裂构造,并用特定颜色的实线标示;基于步骤七中构建的隐伏断裂构造识别标志,识别出上述遥感影像范围内所有的隐伏断裂构造,并用特定颜色的虚线标示;所有特定颜色标示的实线和虚线即为识别的出露和隐伏断裂构造;Step 8. Identification of exposed and hidden fault structures: Under the geographic information system software platform, based on the exposed fault structure identification mark constructed in step 6, identify all exposed fault structures within the range of remote sensing images, and use specific colors to identify them. Line marking; Based on the hidden fault structure identification mark constructed in step 7, all hidden fault structures within the range of the above remote sensing images are identified and marked with dotted lines of specific colors; all solid lines and dotted lines marked with specific colors are identified exposures and hidden fault structures; 所述步骤八中,地理信息系统软件是指ARCGIS、MapGIS通用地理制图软件;遥感影像范围指步骤四中获取的空间分辨率为15米的ETM+第七、第五、第二3个波段的彩色融合影像范围;特定颜色指红色,实线代表出露断裂构造,虚线代表隐伏断裂构造。In step eight, the geographical information system software refers to ARCGIS and MapGIS general geographical mapping software; the remote sensing image range refers to the ETM with a spatial resolution of 15 meters obtained in step four + the color of the seventh, fifth and second bands. Fusion image range; the specific color refers to red, the solid line represents the exposed fault structure, and the dotted line represents the hidden fault structure. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,其特征在于:采集光学和雷达遥感数据的采集时间为正午时分,且天空无云、信噪比高;光学遥感数据是指美国航空航天局发射,最大空间分辨率为15米,具有可见-短波-热红外8个波段的Landsat7 ETM+数据;雷达遥感数据是指加拿大太空署发射的搭载C波段,频率为5.4GHZ传感器的高分辨率RadarSat-2合成孔径成像雷达数据,数据采用全极化精细模式,标称分辨率为8米。2. A method suitable for identifying outcrops and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the collection time of optical and radar remote sensing data is noon, and the sky is cloudless and signal-free. The noise ratio is high; the optical remote sensing data refers to the Landsat7 ETM+ data launched by NASA with a maximum spatial resolution of 15 meters and 8 bands of visible, shortwave and thermal infrared; the radar remote sensing data refers to the C Band, frequency 5.4GHZ sensor high-resolution RadarSat-2 synthetic aperture imaging radar data, the data uses full polarization fine mode, nominal resolution is 8 meters. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中,辐射校正采用辐射回归分析法完成,几何校正采用多项式纠正法完成,噪声去除采用中值滤波法完成。3. A method suitable for identifying outcrops and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, radiation correction is completed using radiation regression analysis, and geometric correction uses polynomials. The correction method is completed, and the noise removal is completed using the median filtering method. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三中,聚焦是指是对获取的雷达数据的原始数据进行处理,直接输出单视复数产品数据;多视是指为了抑制雷达数据中的相干斑噪声,改善图像的信噪比,在横向频域上进行的处理;辐射校正采用雷达数据提供的查找表数据来完成;几何校正采用雷达数据提供的有理多项式模型和控制点实际坐标完成;滤波采用归一化Freeman分解法完成。4. A method suitable for identifying outcrops and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step three, focusing refers to the original data of the acquired radar data. Processing, directly outputting single-view complex product data; multi-view refers to processing in the transverse frequency domain in order to suppress coherent patch noise in radar data and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of images; radiation correction uses lookup table data provided by radar data To complete; the geometric correction is completed using the rational polynomial model provided by the radar data and the actual coordinates of the control points; the filtering is completed using the normalized Freeman decomposition method. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于花岗岩铀成矿区出露和隐伏断裂构造识别的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤五中,纹理信息提取是指基于二阶概率统计的滤波法对RadarSat-2雷达数据的纹理信息进行提取;数据融合是指对步骤四中获取的ETM+彩色合成影像进行HSB变换,然后将上述获取的RadarSat-2雷达纹理信息数据代替HSB变换后的B分量,将替换后的HSB影像变换为RGB彩色影像。5. A method suitable for identifying outcrops and hidden fault structures in granite uranium mineralization areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step five, texture information extraction refers to a filtering method based on second-order probability statistics. Extract the texture information of RadarSat-2 radar data; data fusion refers to HSB transformation of the ETM+ color composite image obtained in step 4, and then replace the B component after HSB transformation with the RadarSat-2 radar texture information data obtained above. Convert the replaced HSB image into an RGB color image.
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