CN111399527A - Unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on extended observer - Google Patents
Unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on extended observer Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
- G05D1/08—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
- G05D1/0808—Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for aircraft
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention discloses an unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on an extended observer, and belongs to the technical field of automatic flight control of unmanned helicopters. The invention fully considers model uncertainty and disturbance and fully utilizes loop formingH ∞ The robust capability, the accurate control capability and the like of modern robust control, and the disturbance estimation capability of the extended observer. The invention solves the problem of loop formingH ∞ The robust control is difficult to handle the problem of large-range change of the model, so that the full-envelope flight attitude control of the unmanned helicopter is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic flight control of unmanned helicopters, and particularly relates to an unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on an extended observer.
Background
Automatic flight control is always a key technology in the field of unmanned planes, particularly automatic flight control of unmanned helicopters, and more importantly, attitude control of unmanned helicopters. Due to the fact that a flight dynamics model of the unmanned helicopter is complex, on one hand, the accurate dynamics model is difficult to obtain through mechanism modeling and even wind tunnel tests, and on the other hand, automatic flight control is more difficult. In order to achieve a high quality of control, engineers are constantly exploring control techniques based on modern control theory to achieve high quality flight control of unmanned helicopters. However, modern control theory often requires that the controlled object have a relatively accurate model. At present, the common practice in the field of unmanned helicopter flight control is to perform modal excitation through remote control flight, and perform kinetic model parameter identification after acquiring flight data. The method has the problems that the model parameters in the full envelope range cannot be obtained, and the accuracy of the model parameters is limited due to the influence of factors such as a modal excitation method, data acquisition equipment, meteorological environment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background technology, the invention provides a method for combining an extended observer and robust control, and solves the problems of insufficient model precision and attitude control of full envelope flight.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on an extended observer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first step, a linear model is established as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,、the front lateral speed of the machine body under the axis coordinate system,、the pitch angle and the roll angle are provided,、the roll angle rate and the pitch angle rate under the machine body axis coordinate system are shown as follows,、is the longitudinal side flapping angle of the rotor.、For the derivative of the aerodynamic force generated by the rotor,、、、for the derivative of the aerodynamic moment generated by the rotor,、、、、、in order to be the derivative of the aerodynamic velocity,is the acceleration of gravity.、Is a periodic variable pitch in the longitudinal and lateral directions,is the time constant of the rotor, and is,、、、in order to achieve the equivalent control effect,,is a pneumatic coupling derivative;
neglecting the influence of longitudinal and lateral coupling factors, the attitude model is simplified into two decoupled single-channel models as follows:
(1) pitch channel model:
whereinDescribing the difference between the derivative of the pitch angle and the pitch angle rate,、ignoring parts for a modeling process、Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,,。
(2) rolling channel model:
whereinDescribing the differential in roll and the roll rate,、ignoring parts for a modeling process、Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,,;
the two channel models are further transformed:
Second step dilation observation (ESO) design:
according to the formula (1) and the formula (2), the、Etc. are extended to a fourth state variable in the model. And designing a linear observer according to the design method of the extended observer, wherein the observer is shaped as
the third stepH ∞ Designing a robust controller:
robust control using loop shapingH ∞ The robust control structure is a robust control structure,、、respectively, a weighting function and a controller. The state quantity Z1 of the ESO output is fed back, and Z4 compensates the control quantity.
The invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. the invention combines the extended observer and the loop formingH ∞ Robust control is realized, so that the attitude control of the unmanned helicopter can be realized. 2. The method simplifies the model by transforming the unmanned helicopter model, expands a modeling neglecting part, a modeling uncertain part (including a full-envelope flight time-varying part, a modeling error and the like) and an environmental interference part into a state quantity, and estimates by using an observer. 3. The invention utilizes loop formingH ∞ The robust control structure realizes the attitude control of the unmanned helicopter, and the disturbance estimator of the extended observer is used for forming a loopH ∞ And the robust control outputs the control quantity to carry out dynamic compensation. Therefore, the invention fully considers model uncertainty and disturbance, and fully utilizes loop formingH ∞ The robust capability, the accurate control capability and the like of modern robust control and the disturbance estimation capability of the extended observer solve the problem of loop formingH ∞ The robust control is difficult to handle the problem of large-range change of the model, so that the full-envelope flight attitude control of the unmanned helicopter is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the model design of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises the steps of:
in the first step, a linear model is established as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,、the front lateral speed of the machine body under the axis coordinate system,、the pitch angle and the roll angle are provided,、the roll angle rate and the pitch angle rate under the machine body axis coordinate system are shown as follows,、is the longitudinal side flapping angle of the rotor.、For the derivative of the aerodynamic force generated by the rotor,、、、for the derivative of the aerodynamic moment generated by the rotor,、、、、、in order to be the derivative of the aerodynamic velocity,is the acceleration of gravity.、Is a periodic variable pitch in the longitudinal and lateral directions,is the time constant of the rotor, and is,、、、in order to achieve the equivalent control effect,,is a pneumatic coupling derivative;
neglecting the influence of longitudinal and lateral coupling factors, the attitude model is simplified into two decoupled single-channel models as follows:
(1) pitch channel model:
whereinDescribing the difference between the derivative of the pitch angle and the pitch angle rate,、ignoring parts for a modeling process、Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,,。
(2) rolling channel model:
whereinDescribing the differential in roll and the roll rate,、ignoring parts for a modeling process、Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,,;
the two channel models are further transformed:
Second step dilation observation (ESO) design:
according to the formula (1) and the formula (2), the、Etc. are extended to a fourth state variable in the model. And designing a linear observer according to the design method of the extended observer, wherein the observer is shaped as
The third stepH ∞ Designing a robust controller:
robust control using loop shapingH ∞ The robust control structure is a robust control structure,、、respectively, a weighting function and a controller. The state quantity Z1 of the ESO output is fed back, and Z4 compensates the control quantity.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. An unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on an extended observer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first step, a linear model is established as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,、is a body axis seatThe front lateral speed under the mark system,、the pitch angle and the roll angle are provided,、the roll angle rate and the pitch angle rate under the machine body axis coordinate system are shown as follows,、is the longitudinal side flapping angle of the rotor.
3.、Is a periodic variable pitch in the longitudinal and lateral directions,is the time constant of the rotor, and is,、、、in order to achieve the equivalent control effect,,is a pneumatic coupling derivative;
neglecting the influence of longitudinal and lateral coupling factors, the attitude model is simplified into two decoupled single-channel models as follows:
(1) pitch channel model:
(2) roll channel model:
whereinDescribing the differential in roll and the roll rate,、ignoring parts for a modeling process、Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,,;
the two channel models are further transformed:
Second step dilation observation (ESO) design:
5. And designing a linear observer according to the design method of the extended observer, wherein the observer is shaped as
the third stepH ∞ Designing a robust controller:
6. The state quantity Z1 of the ESO output is fed back, and Z4 compensates the control quantity.
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