CN111399527A - Unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on extended observer - Google Patents

Unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on extended observer Download PDF

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CN111399527A
CN111399527A CN202010228572.0A CN202010228572A CN111399527A CN 111399527 A CN111399527 A CN 111399527A CN 202010228572 A CN202010228572 A CN 202010228572A CN 111399527 A CN111399527 A CN 111399527A
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model
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CN111399527B (en
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邵义
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Zhejiang Huayi Aviation Technology Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/08Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
    • G05D1/0808Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for aircraft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

Abstract

The invention discloses an unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on an extended observer, and belongs to the technical field of automatic flight control of unmanned helicopters. The invention fully considers model uncertainty and disturbance and fully utilizes loop formingH The robust capability, the accurate control capability and the like of modern robust control, and the disturbance estimation capability of the extended observer. The invention solves the problem of loop formingH The robust control is difficult to handle the problem of large-range change of the model, so that the full-envelope flight attitude control of the unmanned helicopter is realized.

Description

Unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on extended observer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic flight control of unmanned helicopters, and particularly relates to an unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on an extended observer.
Background
Automatic flight control is always a key technology in the field of unmanned planes, particularly automatic flight control of unmanned helicopters, and more importantly, attitude control of unmanned helicopters. Due to the fact that a flight dynamics model of the unmanned helicopter is complex, on one hand, the accurate dynamics model is difficult to obtain through mechanism modeling and even wind tunnel tests, and on the other hand, automatic flight control is more difficult. In order to achieve a high quality of control, engineers are constantly exploring control techniques based on modern control theory to achieve high quality flight control of unmanned helicopters. However, modern control theory often requires that the controlled object have a relatively accurate model. At present, the common practice in the field of unmanned helicopter flight control is to perform modal excitation through remote control flight, and perform kinetic model parameter identification after acquiring flight data. The method has the problems that the model parameters in the full envelope range cannot be obtained, and the accuracy of the model parameters is limited due to the influence of factors such as a modal excitation method, data acquisition equipment, meteorological environment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background technology, the invention provides a method for combining an extended observer and robust control, and solves the problems of insufficient model precision and attitude control of full envelope flight.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on an extended observer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first step, a linear model is established as follows:
Figure 139700DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 855983DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 457866DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
the front lateral speed of the machine body under the axis coordinate system,
Figure 776851DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Figure 508309DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
the pitch angle and the roll angle are provided,
Figure 254548DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Figure 78148DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
the roll angle rate and the pitch angle rate under the machine body axis coordinate system are shown as follows,
Figure 76191DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Figure 301636DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
is the longitudinal side flapping angle of the rotor.
Figure 608989DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Figure 919885DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
For the derivative of the aerodynamic force generated by the rotor,
Figure 846253DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Figure 535991DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Figure 889612DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Figure 687804DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
for the derivative of the aerodynamic moment generated by the rotor,
Figure 775452DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Figure 444331DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Figure 234432DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Figure 129707DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Figure 132298DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Figure 186842DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
in order to be the derivative of the aerodynamic velocity,
Figure 6899DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
is the acceleration of gravity.
Figure 248525DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Figure 54807DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Is a periodic variable pitch in the longitudinal and lateral directions,
Figure 963857DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
is the time constant of the rotor, and is,
Figure 439969DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Figure 434470DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Figure 778863DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Figure 542420DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
in order to achieve the equivalent control effect,
Figure 940165DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
Figure 421962DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
is a pneumatic coupling derivative;
neglecting the influence of longitudinal and lateral coupling factors, the attitude model is simplified into two decoupled single-channel models as follows:
(1) pitch channel model:
Figure 570047DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
wherein
Figure 188110DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
Describing the difference between the derivative of the pitch angle and the pitch angle rate,
Figure 271604DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
Figure 240697DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
ignoring parts for a modeling process
Figure 926893DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
Figure 789676DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 903125DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
Figure 93935DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
(2) rolling channel model:
Figure 583822DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
wherein
Figure 51844DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
Describing the differential in roll and the roll rate,
Figure 601774DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
Figure 279880DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
ignoring parts for a modeling process
Figure 307879DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Figure 378210DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 99041DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
Figure 264443DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
the two channel models are further transformed:
Figure 96133DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
formula (1)
Figure 273167DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
Formula (2)
Second step dilation observation (ESO) design:
according to the formula (1) and the formula (2), the
Figure 164900DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
Figure 817598DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
Etc. are extended to a fourth state variable in the model. And designing a linear observer according to the design method of the extended observer, wherein the observer is shaped as
Figure 187400DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 733787DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
pitch angle or roll angle, respectively;
the third stepH Designing a robust controller:
robust control using loop shapingH The robust control structure is a robust control structure,
Figure 734105DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
Figure 608520DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
Figure 47591DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
respectively, a weighting function and a controller. The state quantity Z1 of the ESO output is fed back, and Z4 compensates the control quantity.
The invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. the invention combines the extended observer and the loop formingH Robust control is realized, so that the attitude control of the unmanned helicopter can be realized. 2. The method simplifies the model by transforming the unmanned helicopter model, expands a modeling neglecting part, a modeling uncertain part (including a full-envelope flight time-varying part, a modeling error and the like) and an environmental interference part into a state quantity, and estimates by using an observer. 3. The invention utilizes loop formingH The robust control structure realizes the attitude control of the unmanned helicopter, and the disturbance estimator of the extended observer is used for forming a loopH And the robust control outputs the control quantity to carry out dynamic compensation. Therefore, the invention fully considers model uncertainty and disturbance, and fully utilizes loop formingH The robust capability, the accurate control capability and the like of modern robust control and the disturbance estimation capability of the extended observer solve the problem of loop formingH The robust control is difficult to handle the problem of large-range change of the model, so that the full-envelope flight attitude control of the unmanned helicopter is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the model design of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises the steps of:
in the first step, a linear model is established as follows:
Figure 949950DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 183486DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 545197DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
the front lateral speed of the machine body under the axis coordinate system,
Figure 256801DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Figure 528513DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
the pitch angle and the roll angle are provided,
Figure 932950DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Figure 781957DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
the roll angle rate and the pitch angle rate under the machine body axis coordinate system are shown as follows,
Figure 297252DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Figure 672739DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
is the longitudinal side flapping angle of the rotor.
Figure 248077DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Figure 584380DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
For the derivative of the aerodynamic force generated by the rotor,
Figure 903366DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Figure 884091DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Figure 630330DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Figure 188351DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
for the derivative of the aerodynamic moment generated by the rotor,
Figure 311028DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Figure 894062DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Figure 811203DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Figure 122098DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Figure 782887DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Figure 472625DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
in order to be the derivative of the aerodynamic velocity,
Figure 826246DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
is the acceleration of gravity.
Figure 358859DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Figure 557759DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Is a periodic variable pitch in the longitudinal and lateral directions,
Figure 616851DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
is the time constant of the rotor, and is,
Figure 141373DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Figure 895702DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Figure 163872DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Figure 828203DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
in order to achieve the equivalent control effect,
Figure 258047DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
Figure 765252DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
is a pneumatic coupling derivative;
neglecting the influence of longitudinal and lateral coupling factors, the attitude model is simplified into two decoupled single-channel models as follows:
(1) pitch channel model:
Figure 571534DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
wherein
Figure 106683DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
Describing the difference between the derivative of the pitch angle and the pitch angle rate,
Figure 910691DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
Figure 639612DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
ignoring parts for a modeling process
Figure 374219DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
Figure 137776DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 909423DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
Figure 391220DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
(2) rolling channel model:
Figure 945829DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
wherein
Figure 452640DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
Describing the differential in roll and the roll rate,
Figure 395188DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
Figure 98702DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
ignoring parts for a modeling process
Figure 50478DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Figure 398414DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 777442DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
Figure 968252DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
the two channel models are further transformed:
Figure 458139DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
formula (1)
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
Formula (2)
Second step dilation observation (ESO) design:
according to the formula (1) and the formula (2), the
Figure 441008DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
Figure 990938DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
Etc. are extended to a fourth state variable in the model. And designing a linear observer according to the design method of the extended observer, wherein the observer is shaped as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 544410DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
pitch or roll angles, respectively;
The third stepH Designing a robust controller:
robust control using loop shapingH The robust control structure is a robust control structure,
Figure 837988DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
Figure 285150DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
Figure 5981DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
respectively, a weighting function and a controller. The state quantity Z1 of the ESO output is fed back, and Z4 compensates the control quantity.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (6)

1. An unmanned helicopter attitude robust control method based on an extended observer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the first step, a linear model is established as follows:
Figure 460583DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 112144DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 626302DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
is a body axis seatThe front lateral speed under the mark system,
Figure 614987DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Figure 163780DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
the pitch angle and the roll angle are provided,
Figure 720663DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Figure 846751DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
the roll angle rate and the pitch angle rate under the machine body axis coordinate system are shown as follows,
Figure 780072DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Figure 183371DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
is the longitudinal side flapping angle of the rotor.
2.
Figure 911156DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Figure 258961DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
For the derivative of the aerodynamic force generated by the rotor,
Figure 730393DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Figure 988199DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Figure 778563DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Figure 754609DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is a rotary wingThe derivative of the resulting aerodynamic moment is,
Figure 764153DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Figure 142045DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Figure 336266DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Figure 799609DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Figure 347265DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Figure 704297DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
in order to be the derivative of the aerodynamic velocity,
Figure 210364DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
is the acceleration of gravity.
3.
Figure 895423DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Figure 512350DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Is a periodic variable pitch in the longitudinal and lateral directions,
Figure 723888DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
is the time constant of the rotor, and is,
Figure 400857DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Figure 573212DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Figure 728250DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Figure 558410DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
in order to achieve the equivalent control effect,
Figure 406280DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
Figure 65931DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
is a pneumatic coupling derivative;
neglecting the influence of longitudinal and lateral coupling factors, the attitude model is simplified into two decoupled single-channel models as follows:
(1) pitch channel model:
Figure 24660DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
wherein
Figure 945212DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
Describing the difference between the derivative of the pitch angle and the pitch angle rate,
Figure 963983DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
Figure 110931DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
ignoring parts for a modeling process
Figure 873350DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
Figure 913988DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 838081DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
Figure 472325DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
(2) roll channel model:
Figure 631911DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
wherein
Figure 668000DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
Describing the differential in roll and the roll rate,
Figure 762995DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
Figure 884535DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
ignoring parts for a modeling process
Figure 614856DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
Figure 239872DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
Unmodeled parts and disturbances during flight; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 771347DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
Figure 114604DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
the two channel models are further transformed:
Figure 147151DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
formula (1)
Figure 892253DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
Formula (2)
Second step dilation observation (ESO) design:
according to the formula (1) and the formula (2), the
Figure 594630DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
Figure 425183DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
Etc. are extended to a fourth state variable in the model.
5. And designing a linear observer according to the design method of the extended observer, wherein the observer is shaped as
Figure 995841DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 595450DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
pitch angle or roll angle, respectively;
the third stepH Designing a robust controller:
robust control using loop shapingH The robust control structure is a robust control structure,
Figure 468728DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
Figure 786577DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
Figure 895347DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
respectively, a weighting function and a controller.
6. The state quantity Z1 of the ESO output is fed back, and Z4 compensates the control quantity.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006121997A (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-18 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Unmanned helicopter and method for controlling the same
US20110307126A1 (en) * 2008-12-15 2011-12-15 Saab Ab Measuring of a landing platform of a ship
CN103425135A (en) * 2013-07-30 2013-12-04 南京航空航天大学 Near space vehicle robust control method with input saturation
CN103760905A (en) * 2014-01-29 2014-04-30 天津大学 Nonlinear robust control method of posture of single-rotor unmanned helicopter based on fuzzy feedforward
CN103853157A (en) * 2014-03-19 2014-06-11 湖北蔚蓝国际航空学校有限公司 Aircraft attitude control method based on self-adaptive sliding mode
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