CN111398180A - Atmospheric compensation method suitable for thermal infrared remote sensing image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an atmospheric compensation method suitable for thermal infrared remote sensing images, which comprises the following steps: acquiring observation image data and matched atmospheric profile and earth surface emissivity spectrum information, then performing quality control and information extraction, and then performing information fusion; selecting proper sliding window length and sliding step length, and extracting corresponding atmospheric profile information window by window; calculating atmospheric parameter information of each window position by using an atmospheric radiation transmission model, and calculating a fine atmospheric parameter matrix in the window by using a linear or nonlinear interpolation method; and calculating a cost function of the window function value, calculating the function value of the window function value by window/pixel by using the cost function, returning each corresponding atmospheric parameter, and finishing the atmospheric correction process. The method does not depend on any empirical relationship and special pixels, is suitable for various common earth surfaces and atmospheric environments, can realize synchronous compensation of the atmospheric temperature profile and the humidity profile, and has higher universality and practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thermal infrared remote sensing, in particular to an atmospheric compensation method suitable for thermal infrared remote sensing images.
Background
In the field of thermal infrared remote sensing, radiation information observed by any satellite sensor is a result of combined action of atmosphere and earth surface, in brief, in a thermal infrared band, radiation energy observed by a satellite mainly comprises emission radiation of the atmosphere and reaches the earth surface radiation part of the sensor through atmospheric scattering and absorption, and obviously, if the inversion of key earth surface parameters such as earth surface temperature (L ST) and emissivity is to be realized from a satellite observation image, the influence of the atmospheric action is necessarily considered, and the process is also referred to as atmospheric correction or atmospheric compensation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an atmospheric compensation method suitable for thermal infrared remote sensing images.
Specifically, the invention provides an atmospheric compensation method suitable for thermal infrared remote sensing images, which comprises the following steps:
200, selecting proper sliding window length and sliding step length according to the spatial resolution characteristics of adopted remote sensing image data, extracting corresponding atmospheric profile information window by window, initializing atmospheric parameter target vectors, and adjusting specific values according to the precision characteristics of the adopted atmospheric profile data;
In one embodiment of the present invention, the atmospheric profile information in step 100 is obtained using existing profile products or atmospheric re-analysis data, and the surface emissivity spectrum is estimated by existing algorithms or directly using available related products.
In an embodiment of the invention, the quality control and information extraction includes screening a high-quality cloud-free pixel from a satellite image and extracting observation radiation information, extracting information such as an atmospheric temperature profile, a humidity profile, a pressure intensity and a ground elevation within an image range from an atmospheric product, and extracting channel emissivity within the image range from an emissivity product.
In one embodiment of the invention, the information fusion is based on the geographic position information of the satellite images, and realizes the space-time registration among the observation radiation, the atmosphere profile and the surface parameters.
In one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric parameter target vector comprises a temperature drift vector of an atmospheric temperature profile, and a scaling vector of an atmospheric water profile.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the atmospheric radiation transmission model in step 300 includes, but is not limited to, MODTRAN, 4A/OP or RTTOV; the calculating the atmospheric parameter information of each window position comprises: the basic atmospheric transmittance under the combined action of the temperature drift vector and the scaling vector, and an atmospheric uplink radiation matrix and an atmospheric downlink radiation matrix.
In one embodiment of the invention, the target matrix of atmospheric transmittance, atmospheric ascending radiation and atmospheric descending radiation { T }0,Lup0,Ldw0}i_winThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein tp is a temperature drift vector of the atmospheric temperature profile, sp is a scaling vector of the atmospheric water profile, i _ win represents the ith atmospheric sliding window, and t represents the target vector combination [ sp, tp]The atmospheric permeability under the action of the same principle is obtained, and the corresponding atmospheric upward L up is obtained0And downstream radiation L dw0The matrix is as follows:
in one embodiment of the invention, the atmosphere compensation matrix { T, L }up,Ldown}i_winIs represented as follows:
wherein, i is the current row, and the value i is 1,2, …, m; j is the current column and takes the value j 1,2, …, n.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cost function in step 400 is represented as follows:
wherein ip is the ith pixel element in the current sliding window; ichn is the ith observation channel;
calculating the surface temperature of the corresponding pixel and channel position; p is the number of pixels contained in the sliding window; q is the number of observation channels;
and the average value of the surface temperature of the channel under the current pixel is obtained.
In one embodiment of the invention, the average value of the surface temperature of the channel under the current pixel
Is represented as follows:
wherein, the channel surface temperature Ts,ichnThe method is obtained by calculation of a radiation transmission equation and a Planck inverse function, and comprises the following steps:
Ts,ichn＝B-1(B(Ts,ichn))
wherein B represents the planck function as follows:
wherein λ isichnRepresents the wavelength (mum) corresponding to the ith channel; c. C1＝1.19104×108(W·μm4·m-2·sr-1) And c2＝1.43877×104And (. mu.K) is the Planck constant.
The invention provides a simpler and faster atmospheric correction method, which does not depend on any empirical relationship and special pixels, is suitable for various common earth surfaces and atmospheric environments, can realize synchronous compensation of atmospheric temperature profiles and humidity profiles, and has higher universality and practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the atmospheric compensation process steps of one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an atmosphere compensation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment of the present invention, an atmospheric compensation method suitable for thermal infrared remote sensing images is disclosed, which includes the following steps:
the atmospheric profile can adopt existing profile products or atmospheric reanalysis data, and the surface emissivity spectrum can be estimated through an existing algorithm on one hand, and on the other hand, the available related products can be directly used.
The quality control and information extraction specifically comprises the steps of screening high-quality cloud-free pixels from satellite images, extracting observation radiation information, extracting information such as atmospheric temperature profiles, humidity profiles, pressure intensity and ground elevation and the like in an image range from atmospheric products, and extracting channel emissivity in the image range from emissivity products.
The information fusion is based on the geographical position information of the satellite image, realizes the space-time registration among the observation radiation, the atmospheric profile and the surface parameters, and ensures the reliability of the follow-up atmospheric compensation.
200, selecting proper sliding window length and sliding step length according to the spatial resolution characteristics of the adopted remote sensing image data, extracting corresponding atmospheric profile information window by window, initializing atmospheric parameter target vectors, and adjusting specific values according to the precision characteristics of the adopted atmospheric profile data;
the atmospheric parameter target vector comprises a temperature drift vector tp of the atmospheric temperature profile and a scaling vector sp of the atmospheric water vapor profile.
The specific operation of selecting the appropriate sliding window length and sliding step size is as follows: taking an ASTER remote sensing image with a resolution of 90 meters as an example, the length of a sliding window is set to be 10 pixels, namely the default atmosphere has a stable characteristic within a range of about 1 kilometer, and no obvious difference is generated; and setting the sliding step length to be 5 pixels, namely setting the overlapping area of every two adjacent windows to be 1/2 of the sliding window to ensure that the smooth characteristic of the atmosphere in the image range is not damaged.
In this embodiment, the maximum drift of the temperature profile of the existing atmospheric product is considered to be lower than 1K in the default case, and the error of the water vapor profile is lower than 20%, so that the default values of tp and sp are as follows: tp [ -1,0,1], unit: k; sp ═ 0.8,1.0,1.2, units: and no dimension is required.
the atmospheric radiation transmission model includes but is not limited to MODTRAN, 4A/OP or RTTOV, etc.; the atmospheric parameter matrix is also called an atmospheric target matrix; the atmospheric parameter matrix is an atmospheric compensation matrix.
Calculating the atmospheric parameter information of each window position, including the basic atmospheric transmittance under different tp and sp combination effects, and the target matrixes of the atmospheric uplink radiation and the atmospheric downlink radiation, which are marked as { T0,Lup0,Ldw0}i_winThe formula is as follows:
wherein i _ win represents the ith atmosphere sliding window; t represents the combination [ sp, tp ] in the target vector]The atmospheric permeability under the action, and the corresponding atmospheric upward L up can be obtained by the same method0And downstream radiation L dw0The matrix is as follows:
in the initialized atmosphere compensation vectors Tp and Sp, Tp is also a temperature drift vector of the atmosphere temperature profile, but has a finer step size (dTp), and the default value is that dTp is 0.1K, that is, Tp is [ Tp (1), …, Tp (1) + (n-1) × dTp, …, Tp (n) ], wherein n is the vector length of Tp; similarly, Sp is the scaling vector of the atmospheric water profile, and the default step dSp is 0.1%, that is, Sp [ Sp (1), …, Sp (1) + (m-1) × dSp, …, Sp (m) ], where m is the vector length of Sp.
Directly calculating an atmosphere compensation matrix in a window by using a two-dimensional spatial interpolation method, namely an atmosphere parameter matrix under the combination of Tp and Sp vectors, and marking as { T, Lup,Ldown}i_winSpecifically, the following are shown:
wherein, i is the current row, and the value i is 1,2, …, m; j is the current column and takes the value j 1,2, …, n.
The basis of the interpolation mode is that the atmospheric parameters approximately show linear change in a two-dimensional space under the action of Tp and Sp, and the interpolation calculation mode can greatly reduce the calculation cost brought by operating the radiation transmission model on the basis of ensuring no loss of remarkable precision, and has higher practical value.
The cost function is expressed as follows:
wherein ip is the ith pixel element in the current sliding window; ichn is the ith observation channel;
calculating the surface temperature of the corresponding pixel and channel position; p is the number of pixels contained in the sliding window; q is the number of observation channels;
and the average value of the surface temperature of the channel under the current pixel is obtained.
Average value of channel surface temperature under current pixel
Is represented as follows:
wherein, the channel surface temperature Ts,ichnThe method is obtained by calculation of a radiation transmission equation and a Planck inverse function, and comprises the following steps:
Ts,ichn＝B-1(B(Ts,ichn))
wherein B represents the planck function as follows:
wherein λ isichnRepresents the wavelength (mum) corresponding to the ith channel; c. C1＝1.19104×108(W·μm4·m-2·sr-1) And c2＝1.43877×104And (. mu.K) is the Planck constant.
The method is suitable for most earth surfaces and is insensitive to emissivity errors; the device can be used for various observation conditions, and can provide stable atmospheric compensation precision under the humid atmosphere environment; meanwhile, the synchronous compensation and correction of the atmospheric water vapor profile and the temperature profile can be realized without depending on any empirical assumption.
The method is based on the continuous change characteristics of the atmospheric parameters under the continuous water vapor scaling and temperature profile drifting effects, and realizes the rapid estimation of more precise atmospheric parameters through a small amount of parameter target vectors, thereby greatly saving the calculation cost; a cost function can be established based on the inherent characteristics of the surface temperature, and the optimal atmospheric combination under the current observation condition is found out by updating the atmospheric water vapor and the temperature profile, namely the optimal parameter combination of the atmospheric temperature profile drift value and the water vapor scaling value is realized under the action of a specific cost function.
The method adopts an atmosphere sliding window mode, solves the optimal parameter combination by calculating the comprehensive action of multiple pixels in the window, and better solves the problems of obvious error transmission, application limitation and the like in pixel-by-pixel solution; and the moving superposition processing of the atmosphere sliding window can weaken the atmosphere jitter caused by the abnormal pixel problem, ensure the smooth and continuous change of the atmosphere parameters in the image range and have higher application value.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (10)
1. An atmospheric compensation method suitable for thermal infrared remote sensing images is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 100, acquiring observation image data and matching atmospheric profile and earth surface emissivity spectrum information, then performing quality control and information extraction, and then performing information fusion;
200, selecting proper sliding window length and sliding step length according to the spatial resolution characteristics of adopted remote sensing image data, extracting corresponding atmospheric profile information window by window, initializing atmospheric parameter target vectors, and adjusting specific values according to the precision characteristics of the adopted atmospheric profile data;
step 300, calculating atmospheric parameter information of each window position by using an atmospheric radiation transmission model, initializing an atmospheric compensation vector, and calculating a fine atmospheric parameter matrix in each window by using a linear or nonlinear interpolation method based on a basic atmospheric parameter matrix corresponding to each sliding window;
step 400, calculating the channel earth surface temperature through Planck's law and a radiation transmission equation, calculating the average value of the current pixel channel earth surface temperature to obtain a cost function for calculating a window function value, calculating the function value window by window/pixel by using the cost function, defaulting to enable the atmospheric temperature drift and the water vapor scaling value corresponding to the cost function to be the optimal solution when the cost function takes the minimum value, returning each atmospheric parameter corresponding to the cost function, and finishing the atmospheric correction process.
2. Atmospheric compensation method according to claim 1,
the atmospheric profile information in step 100 uses existing profile products or atmospheric re-analysis data and the surface emissivity spectra are estimated by existing algorithms or directly using available related products.
3. Atmospheric compensation method according to claim 2,
the quality control and information extraction comprises the steps of screening high-quality cloud-free pixels from satellite images and extracting observation radiation information, extracting information such as atmospheric temperature profiles, humidity profiles, pressure intensity and ground elevation and the like in an image range from atmospheric products, and extracting channel emissivity in the image range from emissivity products.
4. Atmospheric compensation method of claim 3,
the information fusion is based on the geographic position information of the satellite images, and realizes the space-time registration among the observation radiation, the atmospheric profile and the surface parameters.
5. Atmospheric compensation method according to claim 1,
the atmospheric parameter target vector comprises a temperature drift vector of an atmospheric temperature profile and a scaling vector of an atmospheric water vapor profile.
6. Atmospheric compensation method of claim 5,
the atmospheric radiation transmission model in step 300 includes but is not limited to MODTRAN, 4A/OP or RTTOV; the calculating the atmospheric parameter information of each window position comprises: the basic atmospheric transmittance under the combined action of the temperature drift vector and the scaling vector, and an atmospheric uplink radiation matrix and an atmospheric downlink radiation matrix.
7. Atmospheric compensation method of claim 6,
the target matrix { T) of atmospheric transmittance, atmospheric uplink radiation and atmospheric downlink radiation0,Lup0,Ldw0}i_winThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
wherein tp is a temperature drift vector of the atmospheric temperature profile, sp is a scaling vector of the atmospheric water profile, i _ win represents the ith atmospheric sliding window, and t represents the target vector groupAnd then [ sp, tp]The atmospheric permeability under the action of the same principle is obtained, and the corresponding atmospheric upward L up is obtained0And downstream radiation L dw0The matrix is as follows:
8. atmospheric compensation method of claim 7,
the atmosphere compensation matrix { T, Lup,Ldown}i_winIs represented as follows:
wherein, i is the current row, and the value i is 1,2, …, m; j is the current column and takes the value j 1,2, …, n.
9. Atmospheric compensation method of claim 8,
the cost function in step 400 is represented as follows:
wherein ip is the ith pixel element in the current sliding window; ichn is the ith observation channel;
calculating the surface temperature of the corresponding pixel and channel position; p is the number of pixels contained in the sliding window; q is the number of observation channels;
and the average value of the surface temperature of the channel under the current pixel is obtained.
10. Atmospheric compensation method of claim 9,
average value of the earth surface temperature of the channel under the current pixel
Is represented as follows:
wherein, the channel surface temperature Ts,ichnThe method is obtained by calculation of a radiation transmission equation and a Planck inverse function, and comprises the following steps:
Ts,ichn＝B-1(B(Ts,ichn))
wherein B represents the planck function as follows:
wherein λ isichnRepresents the wavelength (mum) corresponding to the ith channel; c. C1＝1.19104×108(W·μm4·m-2·sr-1) And c2＝1.43877×104And (. mu.K) is the Planck constant.
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