CN111398122A - Comprehensive characterization method for heterogeneity characteristics of full-scale pore structure of shale - Google Patents
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012821 model calculation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015076 Shorea robusta Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000166071 Shorea robusta Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- KPAMAAOTLJSEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].O=C=O Chemical compound [N].O=C=O KPAMAAOTLJSEAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of a full-scale pore structure of shale. The method belongs to the technical field of unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, and comprises the steps of calculating the fractal dimension of a shale macroporous pore by using a Menger fractal theory, calculating the fractal dimension of a shale mesoporous pore by using an FHH fractal model, and calculating the fractal dimension of a shale microporous pore by using a microporous medium fractal theory; micropores are main factors influencing the heterogeneity of the shale pore structure, and the specific surface area of the pores is increased along with the increase of the micropores, so that the comprehensive fractal dimension of the shale pore structure is calculated by taking the ratio of the specific surface area of the pores of different pore sections to the total specific surface area of the whole pore section as a weighted value, a classification standard for the heterogeneity of sea-facies, sea-land transition facies and continental facies shales is provided, the complexity and the heterogeneity of the shale pore structure are comprehensively represented from the aspects of quantification and qualification, and a basis is provided for the fine representation of the shale reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, in particular to a comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of a shale full-scale pore structure.
Background
The shale reservoir develops a large number of pores with different sizes from nano-scale to micron-scale, particularly the nano-scale pores are mainly used, the structure is complex, and the heterogeneity is strong. As an important place for shale gas storage, the pore structure plays an important role in occurrence, seepage, diffusion and enrichment of shale gas. The complex shale pore structure has good fractal characteristics, so that the complexity and the heterogeneity of the shale pore structure are quantitatively described by applying a fractal theory. The fractal dimension D can be used to characterize the roughness and structural irregularities of solid surfaces. The fractal dimension varies from 2 to 3, the fractal dimension value of an absolutely smooth surface is generally set as 2, the fractal dimension value of an extremely rough surface is set as 3, and within the range of 2 to 3, the larger the fractal dimension value is, the more complex the pore surface and the pore structure is, and the stronger the heterogeneity is.
The mercury intrusion method and the gas adsorption method are important means for measuring the shale pore structure, but the shale sample can form artificial cracks due to high pressure in the mercury intrusion method in the mercury entering process, so that the accuracy of the measuring result is influenced, and the pore ranges applicable to different gas adsorption methods are different, so that the complexity and the heterogeneity of the shale pore structure are difficult to comprehensively and quantitatively characterize based on fractal theory of different experimental methods.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of the shale full-scale pore structure, which comprehensively utilizes the applicability of different fractal models, considers the different contribution of each pore diameter section to the heterogeneity of the shale pores, provides a comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of the shale full-scale pore structure, and provides a classification standard for the heterogeneity strength of marine facies, transition facies of sea and land and continental facies shale. The method can comprehensively represent the complexity and the heterogeneity of the shale pore structure, and provides a basis for fine characterization of the shale reservoir.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a comprehensive characterization method for heterogeneity characteristics of a shale full-scale pore structure comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively carrying out a high-pressure mercury-pressing experiment, a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment and a low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption experiment on the shale sample;
s2: selecting experimental data of which the pore diameter is larger than 50nm in a high-pressure mercury pressing experiment, and calculating the fractal dimension of pores in a large pore diameter section by using a Menger sponge model;
s3: selecting experimental data with the pore diameter between 2nm and 50nm in a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment, and calculating the fractal dimension of the pore of the mesoporous pore diameter section by using an FHfractal model;
s4: selecting experimental data with the pore diameter smaller than 2nm in a low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption experiment, and calculating the fractal dimension of the pore of the microporous pore diameter section by utilizing a microporous medium fractal theory;
s5: taking the ratio of the specific surface area of the pores of the sections with different pore diameters to the total specific surface area of the sections with the whole pore diameters as a weighted value, and carrying out weighted calculation on the fractal dimensions of the sections with different pore diameters to obtain the comprehensive fractal dimension of the pore structure of the shale sample;
s6: judging the heterogeneity of the pore structure of the shale sample according to the comprehensive fractal dimension;
s7: and carrying out strong and weak division on the heterogeneity of the sea facies, the sea-land transition facies and the land facies shale.
Preferably, in step S2, the Menger sponge model calculation formula is:
D＝4+Ln(dVp(dp)/L np formula 1
D is shale pore fractal dimension;
v is the shale pore volume measured by mercury intrusion experiment, and the unit is cm3/g；
And p is the pressure applied in the mercury injection experiment and has the unit of MPa.
Preferably, in step S3, the calculation formula of the FHH fractal model is as follows:
K-D-3 formula 3
K ═ D-3)/3 formula 4
P is equilibrium pressure, unit-MPa;
P0is saturated vapor pressure in MPa;
v is the adsorption volume corresponding to the equilibrium pressure P in cm3；
K is a constant and refers to a linear relationship coefficient, the value of which is related to the adsorption mechanism;
c is a constant.
Preferably, in step S4, the calculation formula of the micropore fractal model is as follows:
l nJ (x) (2-D) L nx + C formula 5
x＝15z+2852.5z3+0.014z-1-0.75 formula 10
x is the pore radius in nm;
is a gamma function;
rho is a scale parameter of gamma distribution, and the unit is kJ/mol;
v is a shape parameter, and has no primary or secondary;
theta is relative adsorption capacity;
V0is the maximum adsorption capacity in cm3/g；
V is equilibrium adsorption capacity in cm3/g；
β is the affinity coefficient, CO2Usually 0.38;
a is adsorption potential, unit-kJ/mol;
r is a molar gas constant;
t is absolute temperature K;
p is equilibrium pressure, unit-MPa;
p0is the saturated vapor pressure in MPa;
E0is the characteristic adsorption energy of a standard adsorbate, and the unit is kJ/mol;
z characteristic energy E0The reciprocal of (b), unit-mol/kJ.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the comprehensive fractal dimension in step S5 is as follows:
D＝∑DiTiformula 11
D is a comprehensive fractal dimension;
Dia fractal dimension corresponding to the ith aperture segment;
Tithe ratio of the specific surface area of the pores corresponding to the ith pore diameter section to the total specific surface area of the full pore diameter section;
i is the ith aperture segment.
Preferably, in step S6, the method for determining the heterogeneity of the pore structure of the shale sample according to the comprehensive fractal dimension includes: by adopting a quantitative representation method, the fractal dimension changes between 2 and 3, the fractal dimension value of an absolutely smooth surface is determined to be 2, the fractal dimension value of an extremely rough surface is determined to be 3, and the larger the fractal dimension value is, the more complex the pore surface is represented, and the stronger the heterogeneity is.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-pressure mercury-pressing experiment, the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment and the low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption experiment can comprehensively analyze the pore structure characteristics of the shale, can obtain complete data of macropores, mesopores and micropores, and can obtain comprehensive fractal dimension of the full-pore-diameter section of the shale pore structure by analyzing experimental data of each section by using a Menger fractal model, a FHH fractal model and a micropore fractal model, because the micropores mainly contribute to the heterogeneity of the shale pore structure, and the specific surface area of the pores is increased along with the increase of the micropores, taking the ratio of the specific surface area of the pores of different pore diameter sections to the total specific surface area of the full pore diameter section as a weight to calculate a comprehensive fractal dimension, comprehensively and quantitatively representing the complexity and the heterogeneity of the pore structure of the shale, and providing a classification standard of the heterogeneity of marine, sea-land transition and continental shale, compared with other related technologies, the influence of different pore diameter sections, particularly micropores, on the heterogeneity of the shale pore structure can be considered more comprehensively.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the details of the technical solution of the present invention and its advantages, reference is now made to the following examples.
Example 1
A comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of a full-scale pore structure of shale. The method is characterized in that: the fractal dimension of a shale pore large pore is calculated by utilizing a Menger fractal theory, the fractal dimension of a shale pore mesoporous is calculated by utilizing an FHfractal model, the fractal dimension of a shale pore microporous is calculated by utilizing a micropore medium fractal theory, because the micropore is a main factor influencing the heterogeneity of a shale pore structure, the specific surface area of the pore is increased along with the increase of the micropore, the comprehensive fractal dimension of the shale pore structure is calculated by taking the ratio of the specific surface area of the pore of different pore sections to the total specific surface area of a full pore section as a weighted value, and a strong and weak partition standard of the heterogeneity of the shale in sea phase, sea-land transition phase and continental phase is provided, so that the complexity and the heterogeneity of the shale pore structure are comprehensively represented in both quantitative and qualitative aspects.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively carrying out a high-pressure mercury pressing experiment, a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment and a low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption experiment on the shale sample, wherein the mercury pressing-liquid nitrogen-carbon dioxide jointly represents the pore specific surface area ratio of macropores, mesopores and micropores of the shale pore structure;
s2: selecting experimental data of the pore diameter larger than 50nm in a high-pressure mercury intrusion experiment, and calculating the fractal dimension of the pore of the large pore diameter section by using the construction idea of a Menger sponge model:
D＝4+Ln(dVp(dp)/L np formula 1
D is shale pore fractal dimension;
v is the shale pore volume measured by a high-pressure mercury intrusion experiment, and the unit is cm3/g；
And p is the pressure applied in the high-pressure mercury injection experiment and has the unit of MPa.
The pore diameter of the shale sample is larger than 50nm in a high-pressure mercury-pressing experimentThe experimental data is statistically processed, and the slope L n (dV) of the straight line part is calculatedpAnd/dp) and L np, obtaining a slope k through drawing, and obtaining the fractal dimension D of the shale macroporous aperture segment.
S3: selecting experimental data with the pore diameter between 2nm and 50nm in a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment, and calculating the fractal dimension of the pore of the mesoporous pore diameter section by using an FHfractal model:
K-D-3 formula 3
K ═ D-3)/3 formula 4
P is equilibrium pressure, unit-MPa;
P0is saturated vapor pressure in MPa;
v is the adsorption volume corresponding to the equilibrium pressure P in cm3；
K is a constant and refers to a linear relationship coefficient, the value of which is related to the adsorption mechanism;
c is a constant.
Statistical treatment is carried out on experimental data with the pore diameter between 2nm and 50nm in a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment of a shale sample by using L n (V) -L n (L n (P) in the formula0/P)) linear relation to obtain a slope K, and obtaining the fractal dimension D of the shale mesoporous segment. The fractal dimension D can be calculated in two ways: at the lower end of the isotherm, which is the early stage of multilayer adsorption establishment, the adsorption mechanism is capillary condensation, and formula 3 is selected; at higher coverage, where the adsorption mechanism is van der Waals and capillary action is ignored, equation 4 is chosen.
S4: selecting experimental data with the pore diameter smaller than 2nm in a low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption experiment, and calculating the fractal dimension of the pore of the microporous pore diameter section by using a microporous medium fractal theory:
l nJ (x) (2-D) L nx + C formula 5
x＝15z+2852.5z3+0.014z-1-0.75 formula 10
x is the pore radius in nm;
is a gamma function;
rho is a scale parameter of gamma distribution, and the unit is kJ/mol;
v is a shape parameter, and has no primary or secondary;
theta is relative adsorption capacity;
V0is the maximum adsorption capacity in cm3/g；
V is equilibrium adsorption capacity in cm3/g；
β is the affinity coefficient, CO2The value of (d) is 0.38;
a is adsorption potential, unit-kJ/mol;
r is a molar gas constant;
t is absolute temperature K;
p is equilibrium pressure, unit-MPa;
p0is the saturated vapor pressure in MPa;
E0is the characteristic adsorption energy of a standard adsorbate, and the unit is kJ/mol;
z characteristic energy E0The reciprocal of (b), unit-mol/kJ.
The method comprises the steps of fitting the maximum adsorption capacity and the relative adsorption capacity by using a micropore fractal model and combining low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption data according to a formula 9, fitting by using a micropore total adsorption equation 7 to obtain rho and v, calculating z by using a formula 10 pore size distribution, further calculating J (x) by using a formula 6, and finally solving a slope K by using a linear relation of L nJ (x) -L nx to obtain the fractal dimension of the shale micropore aperture section.
S5: taking the ratio of the specific surface area of the pores in different pore diameter sections to the total specific surface area of the full pore diameter section as a weight, and performing weighted calculation on the fractal dimensions of the different pore diameter sections to obtain a comprehensive fractal dimension of the pore structure of the shale sample, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
D＝∑DiTiformula 11
D is a comprehensive fractal dimension;
Dia fractal dimension corresponding to the ith aperture segment;
Tithe ratio of the specific surface area of the pores corresponding to the ith pore diameter section to the total specific surface area of the full pore diameter section;
i is the ith aperture segment.
Classification of shale pores micropores, mesopores and macropores with reference to IUPCA protocol, micropores
Mesoporous structure
And macropores
Is the pore diameter.
S6: judging the heterogeneity of the pore structure according to the comprehensive fractal dimension;
the fractal dimension varies from 2 to 3, the fractal dimension value of an absolutely smooth surface is generally set as 2, the fractal dimension value of an extremely rough surface is set as 3, and within the range of 2 to 3, the larger the fractal dimension value is, the more complex the pore surface is represented, the more complex the pore structure is, and the stronger the heterogeneity is.
S7: dividing the heterogeneity of marine facies, sea-land transition facies and land facies shale according to the following division standard:
Claims (6)
1. a comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of a shale full-scale pore structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: respectively carrying out a high-pressure mercury-pressing experiment, a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment and a low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption experiment on the shale sample;
s2: selecting experimental data of which the pore diameter is larger than 50nm in a high-pressure mercury pressing experiment, and calculating the fractal dimension of pores in a large pore diameter section by using a Menger sponge model;
s3: selecting experimental data with the pore diameter between 2nm and 50nm in a low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment, and calculating the fractal dimension of the pore of the mesoporous pore diameter section by using an FHfractal model;
s4: selecting experimental data with the pore diameter smaller than 2nm in a low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption experiment, and calculating the fractal dimension of the pore of the microporous pore diameter section by utilizing a microporous medium fractal theory;
s5: taking the ratio of the specific surface area of the pores of the sections with different pore diameters to the total specific surface area of the sections with the whole pore diameters as a weighted value, and carrying out weighted calculation on the fractal dimensions of the sections with different pore diameters to obtain the comprehensive fractal dimension of the pore structure of the shale sample;
s6: judging the heterogeneity of the pore structure of the shale sample according to the comprehensive fractal dimension;
s7: and carrying out strong and weak division on the heterogeneity of the sea facies, the sea-land transition facies and the land facies shale.
2. The comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of shale full-scale pore structures according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the Menger sponge model calculation formula is:
D＝4+Ln(dVp(dp)/L np formula 1
D is shale pore fractal dimension;
v is the shale pore volume measured by mercury intrusion experiment, and the unit is cm3/g；
And p is the pressure applied in the mercury injection experiment and has the unit of MPa.
3. The comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of shale full-scale pore structures according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the calculation formula of the FHH fractal model is:
K-D-3 formula 3
K ═ D-3)/3 formula 4
P is equilibrium pressure, unit-MPa;
P0is saturated vapor pressure in MPa;
v is the adsorption volume corresponding to the equilibrium pressure P in cm3；
K is a constant and refers to a linear relationship coefficient, the value of which is related to the adsorption mechanism;
c is a constant.
4. The comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of shale full-scale pore structures according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the calculation formula of the micropore fractal model is as follows:
l nJ (x) (2-D) L nx + C formula 5
x＝15z+2852.5z3+0.014z-1-0.75 formula 10
x is the pore radius in nm;
is a gamma function;
rho is a scale parameter of gamma distribution, and the unit is kJ/mol;
v is a shape parameter, and has no primary or secondary;
theta is relative adsorption capacity;
V0is the maximum adsorption capacity in cm3/g；
V is equilibrium adsorption capacity in cm3/g；
β is the affinity coefficient, CO2Usually 0.38;
a is adsorption potential, unit-kJ/mol;
r is a molar gas constant;
t is absolute temperature K;
p is equilibrium pressure, unit-MPa;
p0is the saturated vapor pressure in MPa;
E0is the characteristic adsorption energy of a standard adsorbate, and the unit is kJ/mol;
z characteristic energy E0The reciprocal of (b), unit-mol/kJ.
5. The comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of shale full-scale pore structures according to claim 1,
the method is characterized in that: the calculation formula of the comprehensive fractal dimension in step S5 is as follows:
D＝∑DiTiformula 11
D is a comprehensive fractal dimension;
Dia fractal dimension corresponding to the ith aperture segment;
Tithe ratio of the specific surface area of the pores corresponding to the ith pore diameter section to the total specific surface area of the full pore diameter section;
i is the ith aperture segment.
6. The comprehensive characterization method for the heterogeneity characteristics of shale full-scale pore structures according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S6, the method for determining the heterogeneity of the pore structure of the shale sample according to the comprehensive fractal dimension includes: by adopting a quantitative representation method, the fractal dimension changes between 2 and 3, the fractal dimension value of an absolutely smooth surface is determined to be 2, the fractal dimension value of an extremely rough surface is determined to be 3, and the larger the fractal dimension value is, the more complex the pore surface is represented, and the stronger the heterogeneity is.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN113075105A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-06 | 河南理工大学 | Comprehensive fractal dimension DpMethod for quantitatively evaluating sandstone reservoir |
| CN113850689A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-28 | 西南石油大学 | Pore structure joint characterization method based on least square method and data processing method |
| CN114076724A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining pore structure of coal rock |
| CN114371187A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-19 | 成都理工大学 | Shale pore quantitative structure complexity measuring method, system, medium and equipment |
| CN116773396A (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-09-19 | 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心 | Method and system for acquiring total shale gas content under formation temperature and pressure condition |
| CN118090554A (en) * | 2024-03-04 | 2024-05-28 | 西南石油大学 | Calculation method of shale pore fractal dimension |
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