CN111397469A - System and method for detecting errors and dynamics of profile of cylindrical intermittent cam - Google Patents
System and method for detecting errors and dynamics of profile of cylindrical intermittent cam Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cam detection, and discloses a system and a method for detecting profile errors of a cylindrical intermittent cam and dynamics of the cam, wherein a device on a laboratory bench is connected with a measurement and control device through a cable; the first base is fixedly provided with an upright post through a bolt, the upper end of the upright post is provided with a height adjusting hand wheel, and the middle of the upright post is provided with a screw rod; the cross arm is fixed on the screw rod on the nut seat; the upper end of the cross arm is fixed with a fixed cover through a bolt, and the upper end of the fixed cover is fixed with a torque sensor and an index plate encoder through a bolt; the lower end of the cross arm is provided with a second three-jaw chuck, the upper end of the second three-jaw chuck is fixed with an acceleration sensor through a bolt, and the second three-jaw chuck is clamped with the index plate; the first base is provided with a lead screw, the supporting frame is fixed on a lead screw nut seat of the base, the supporting frame is fixed with a rotating shaft through a bearing, and the rotating shaft is fixed with a cylindrical intermittent cam, a first three-jaw chuck and a gear through a connecting key. The invention eliminates the principle error of detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cam detection, and particularly relates to a system and a method for detecting profile errors and dynamics of a cylindrical intermittent cam.
Background
At present, a cylindrical intermittent cam mechanism can change continuous rotating input into intermittent motion output, and the cylindrical intermittent cam mechanism is used in a large amount in automatic production lines, such as food processing, beverage filling and packaging industries and other occasions involving multi-station work due to the fact that the indexing number is large, the dead time and the motion time of a motion curve can be changed as required, and the positioning section is high in precision and low in vibration.
The processing precision of the cam determines the running speed and the noise of the cylindrical intermittent cam mechanism, the processing and the detection have great difficulty due to the fact that the profile surface of the cylindrical intermittent cam is a non-developable surface, and partial enterprises adopt long-time running and replace further fine processing and detection after the processing is finished; the coordinate of the curved surface point is detected by a three-coordinate measuring machine, the real curved surface coordinate point is calculated according to the curvature of the curved surface and the diameter of the measured ball due to the diameter of the measured ball, the curvature is estimated to cause larger curved surface fitting error due to different curvatures of all points of the curved surface of the cylindrical intermittent cam, and then the fitted curved surface point coordinate data is compared with the theoretical coordinate point, so that the positioning and calculation are complex, the method is not suitable for measuring a large number of samples on site, and the curve flexibility of the cam cannot be measured; the machining precision of the cam is measured and detected by measuring the motion precision of the cam, the machining error of the cam is indirectly measured by measuring the corner error of the index plate by utilizing the meshing relation of the index plate and the cam, at the moment, if the diameter of the roller of the index plate used for detection is inconsistent with the diameter of the roller of the real index plate meshed with the cam, the contact line is a space curve when the cam is meshed with the roller due to the inextensibility of the cam profile surface, and when the diameter of the roller is changed, the contact angle is changed, so that the contact point is inconsistent, and the measurement error is generated.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the detection of the cylindrical intermittent cam is difficult, the method is particularly suitable for the precision detection of mass cams in the cam production field, the universal three-coordinate detection is adopted, the equipment adjustment time is long, the detection speed is low, the dynamic performance of the curved surface of the cam cannot be measured, and special equipment which can detect the precision of the curved surface and can measure the dynamic performance of the curved surface is lacked, so that the processing precision of the domestic cam is low, and the cam only suitable for medium and low speed occasions can be produced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for detecting errors and dynamics of a profile of a cylindrical intermittent cam.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for detecting errors and dynamics of a cylindrical intermittent cam profile comprises the following steps: setting the rotation speed of a motor and the motion rule of a cam through a measurement and control device, opening a second three-jaw chuck, clamping an index plate, and aligning and clamping the index plate; opening the first three-jaw chuck to clamp the cam, rotating a tip to lock a hand wheel, enabling the tip to perform auxiliary support, aligning and clamping the cam; rotating the first hand wheel, moving the support frame, adjusting the center distance between the cam and the index plate to the designed center distance, and rotating the height adjusting hand wheel to move the upper position and the lower position of the index plate so as to mesh the cam and the index plate; and then, measuring the gap between the dividing plate roller and the cam groove by using a feeler gauge, and detecting whether the width of the cam groove is qualified.
Further, the method for detecting errors and dynamics of the profile of the cylinder intermittent cam further comprises the following steps: when the cam profile error is measured manually, the electromagnetic clutch is disconnected from the cam shaft and the motor, the cam is rotated to rotate the hand wheel, the cam is driven to move through gear transmission, the cam shaft drives the cam encoder to rotate through gear connection, the cam is meshed with the index plate to drive the index plate to move, the moment adjusting bolt is adjusted to load the index plate, the hand wheel is rotated to measure, the rotation angle relation between the cam and the index plate is obtained by reading the data of the cam encoder and the index plate encoder, and the error is compared with a design curve to obtain and display the error; and (3) automatic measurement, wherein the rotating speed of the motor is reduced through a measurement and control device, and the motor is used for driving the cam to rotate so as to complete the measurement of the error of the profile surface of the cam.
Further, the method for detecting errors and dynamics of the profile of the cylinder intermittent cam further comprises the following steps: when the cam dynamics measurement is carried out, the rotating speed of a motor is set through a measurement and control device, an electromagnetic clutch is connected with a cam shaft and the motor, the motor is started, an index plate is meshed with the cam, data of a cam encoder and an index plate encoder are read to obtain the rotating angle relation between the cam and the index plate, the numerical value is differentiated to obtain the rotating speed relation, the rotating speed is differentiated to obtain an acceleration signal, vibration information of the index plate is obtained through reading an acceleration sensor, and the signal is displayed in a split screen mode;
the acceleration sensor is used for measuring acceleration and vibration of dynamic detection of the cam, low-pass filtering is firstly carried out, clutter is filtered, then the acceleration sensor is used, a signal adopts Kalman filtering, an acceleration value signal AXIAN is collected and then converted into angular acceleration AJIAO (axial acceleration/R), and R is the distance from the sensor to a rotation center;
after obtaining angular speed and acceleration signals of the cam and the index plate, displaying data, wherein the abscissa is a cam rotation angle, and the ordinate is an angle, an angular speed and an angular acceleration signal of the index plate respectively;
the pulse encoder outputs two paths of square wave signals of an A phase and a B phase, the total number NUM of the pulses is calculated by a counter, the A phase leads the B phase by 90 degrees, positive rotation is carried out, one pulse NUM is added with 1, on the contrary, the B phase leads the A phase by 90 degrees, reverse rotation is carried out, one pulse NUM is subtracted with 1, the number of encoder lines is N, 4 times of subdivision is carried out, the total angle of rotation is 360 NUM/N/4, and the unit: degree; calculating speed, namely accumulating one pulse number VNUM in unit time of t milliseconds, and calculating a speed V which is 1000X 360 VNUM/4/t, wherein the unit is: degree/second; calculation of angular acceleration a 1000 (V)t-Vt-1)/t，VtSpeed at time t, unit: degree of rotation2A/second;
and (3) calculating coordinate errors of each point on the cam profile surface of the cylindrical intermittent cam: establishing a coordinate system O of a cylindrical intermittent cam mechanism1-X1Y1Z1Using the meshing principle and the space tensor transformation method to obtain O1-X1Y1Z1The working profile surface equation of the cam in the coordinate system is as follows:
in the formula, l is the distance from the central line of the roller to the rotating shaft, c is the center distance, R is the radius of the roller, R is the distance from any section of the roller to the camshaft, β is the contact angle between the cam and the roller, and tau and theta are the rotation angles of the swing rod and the cam respectively and satisfy the motion rule of the cam, wherein tau is tau0+τ(θ)；
By measuring the rotation angle error delta tau of the known dividing disc and according to the working profile surface equation, the actual profile surface equation is obtained as follows:
according to the motion law tau of cam0+ τ (θ) and different values, into the error values for each point on the available working profile:
another object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder intermittent cam profile error and dynamics detection system implementing the method for detecting cylinder intermittent cam profile error and dynamics, the system being provided with:
a test bench and a measurement and control device;
the torque sensor, the index plate encoder, the motor, the acceleration sensor and the electromagnetic clutch on the experiment table are connected with the measurement and control device through cables;
the first base is fixedly provided with an upright post through a bolt, the upper end of the upright post is provided with a cross arm height adjusting hand wheel, and the middle of the upright post is provided with a screw rod; the cross arm is fixed on the screw rod on the nut seat;
the upper end of the cross arm is fixed with a fixed cover through a bolt, and the upper end of the fixed cover is fixed with a torque sensor 1 and an index plate encoder through a bolt;
the lower end of the cross arm is provided with a second three-jaw chuck, the upper end of the second three-jaw chuck is fixed with an acceleration sensor through a bolt, and the second three-jaw chuck is clamped with the index plate;
the upper end of the first base fixes a support frame on a screw nut seat through a bolt, the support frame is fixed with a rotating shaft through a bearing, the rotating shaft is fixed with a cylindrical intermittent cam, a first three-jaw chuck and a gear through a connecting key, the gear is connected with a motor through a coupler, and the motor is fixed on the support frame through a bolt;
the upper end of the motor is provided with a cam rotating hand wheel which is connected with the gears through a connecting shaft, and the gears are mutually meshed;
and a centre tightening hand wheel is arranged at the left end of the supporting frame and is connected with the rotating shaft through a coupler.
Further, the upright post screw rod is provided with a shell, a shaft sleeve is embedded at the upper end of the shell, a third bearing is sleeved on the shaft sleeve, and a first bearing end cover is fixed at the upper end of the shaft sleeve through a bolt;
a second bearing end cover is embedded at the lower end of the shell, a fourth bearing is embedded in the second bearing end cover, and the second bearing end cover is connected with the first end cover through a bolt;
the third bearing and the fourth bearing are sleeved with a first lead screw, and the first lead screw is excessively matched with the second wheel shaft hole and fixed together through a locking bolt.
Furthermore, a fixed end cover is fixed at the left end of the cross arm through a bolt, a first bearing seat is embedded in the cross arm, a first bearing is sleeved on the first bearing seat, and a rotating shaft is sleeved on the first bearing; the fixed end cover is provided with a transverse chute, a friction plate is clamped in the transverse chute, a spring is placed in a blind hole on the friction plate, the other end of the spring is sleeved on a spring washer, an inner hole of the spring washer is sleeved with a torque adjusting screw rod, a torque adjusting bolt is used for tightly pressing or loosening the spring through the spring washer, the spring pushes the friction plate to move in the groove, and the other side of the friction plate is in contact with the shaft surface;
the rotating shaft is connected with the second belt wheel through a connecting key, the upper end of the rotating shaft is connected with a third coupling device, and a torque sensor is arranged at the upper end of the third coupling device; wherein, the friction plate is in hard contact with the rotating shaft;
a shaft is fixed at the upper right end of the cross arm through a bearing, the upper end of the shaft is connected with a first belt wheel through a connecting key, the shaft is connected with a second coupler, and an index plate encoder is arranged at the upper end of the second coupler; wherein, the first belt wheel is connected with the second belt wheel through a transmission belt.
Furthermore, a third bearing seat is arranged at the left end of the base, a fifth bearing is embedded on the third bearing seat, a second lead screw is sleeved on the fifth bearing, and a second end cover is arranged on the left side of the fifth bearing;
the second lead screw is provided with a second lead screw nut seat, the right end of the second base is connected with a fourth bearing seat in a clamping mode, the second lead screw is sleeved on the fourth bearing seat, a third end cover is fixed on the outer side of the fourth bearing seat through bolts, and the second lead screw is excessively matched with a third hand wheel shaft hole and is fixed through a locking nut.
Further, the test bench is provided with first base, and first base upper end is provided with 1mm scale, and first base right-hand member is provided with 0.05mm scale, and first base right-hand member utilizes lock nut to fix first hand wheel and lead screw.
Furthermore, a display screen is embedded on the measurement and control device, and a key is embedded at the right end of the display screen; the bottom side of the measurement and control device is provided with a switch, and the right side of the measurement and control device is provided with a heat dissipation window.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cam mechanics detection system for implementing the method for detecting profile errors and dynamics of a cylindrical intermittent cam.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the invention adopts the engagement of the cylindrical intermittent cam and the real graduated disk, detects the curve surface error of the measuring cam by measuring the corner error of the graduated disk, calculates the coordinate of the real cam profile surface and the coordinate error of the coordinate point by using the profile surface equation of the cylindrical intermittent cam, measures the groove width error by adopting the feeler gauge, can also measure the dynamic condition of the cam, has quick equipment adjustment and is suitable for the detection of the cylindrical intermittent cam on site. The supporting frame is used for installing and fixing a cam rotating system, a motor is fixed on the supporting frame and is connected with a cam shaft through an electromagnetic clutch, a transmission gear of the cam shaft is connected with a cam encoder, the cam shaft is connected with a hand wheel through a gear and is connected with a first three-jaw chuck through a coupler, a cam is fixed on the first three-jaw chuck, the other side of the cam is supported in an auxiliary mode through a tip, threads in the middle of the tip are connected with threads of a fixing sleeve, the tip is used for locking the hand wheel to tighten and loosen a cylindrical indexing cam, and a tip shaft is matched with a hand wheel hole and locked through a locking screw.
According to the invention, the cross arm can move up and down by fixing the cross arm on the upright post screw rod. The load can be loaded to the graduated disk when detecting, the torque sensor is fixed on the fixed end cover and fixedly connected with the shaft through the coupler, the shaft is fixedly connected with the belt wheel, and the load is transmitted to the graduated disk through the conveying belt. The fixed end cover is provided with a transverse sliding chute and a threaded hole, the two friction plates can move along the chute, the torque adjusting bolt is sleeved with the spring washer, the other end of the spring is arranged in the blind hole of the friction plate, the torque adjusting bolt is rotated, the spring is tightly pressed or loosened through the spring washer, the spring pushes the friction plates to move in the chute, and when the spring is tightened, the friction plates and the counter shaft are subjected to friction loading; the shaft is supported by bearings and bearing blocks.
According to the invention, the lead screw and the hand wheel are arranged on the base, so that the movement of the support frame can be realized; the hand wheel is shaken to rotate the base screw rod to drive the support frame to move on the base track; the graduated scale is arranged on the first base and used for displaying the distance from the central axis of the cam to the central axis of the dividing plate and adjusting the center distance during detection. The motion rule and the geometric parameters of the measured cam are designed through keys, the rotating speed of a motor is set, the separation and combination of an electromagnetic clutch are controlled, encoder signals of a camshaft encoder and an indexing disc shaft are read, the motion curve rule of the cam is the motion relation between the rotating angle of the camshaft and the rotating angle of an indexing disc, the rotating angle signal of the camshaft encoder is used as a horizontal coordinate, the rotating angle signal of the indexing disc is used as a vertical coordinate, the motion rule of the rotating angle is displayed, and an error is calculated and displayed according to the designed motion rule; meanwhile, the relation between the speeds can be calculated by utilizing the derivation of the angle signal of the graduated disk to the time and the derivation of the signal of the graduated disk of the camshaft to the time, the signal of the acceleration sensor is read, and the acceleration and the vibration signal of the graduated disk are obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cylindrical intermittent cam profile error and dynamics detection system provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laboratory bench provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a right schematic view of the experiment table provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an index plate fixing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a column screw nut provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first loading structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second loading structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a base lead screw nut provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement and control device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the cam rotation angle and the index plate rotation angle measured by the graph, in which the horizontal axis represents the cam rotation angle and the vertical axis represents the index plate rotation angle.
Fig. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the cam angle and the angular velocity of the index plate, where the horizontal axis represents the cam angle and the vertical axis represents the angular velocity.
Fig. 12 is a graph showing a relationship between the cam angle and the index plate angular acceleration measured, where the horizontal axis represents the cam angle and the vertical axis represents the index plate angular acceleration.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a curve relationship between the error of the cam angle and the index angle measured, in which the horizontal axis represents the cam angle and the vertical axis represents the error of the index plate angle.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of detecting the width of a cam groove by using a feeler gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a coordinate system of a column intermittent cam mechanism provided by an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a torque sensor; 2. an index plate encoder; 3. the cam rotates the hand wheel; 4. a gear; 5. a motor; 6. a first three-jaw chuck; 7. a support frame; 8. a cylindrical intermittent cam; 9. a first base; 10. 0.05mm graduated scale; 11. a first hand wheel; 12. a measurement and control device; 13. 1mm graduated scale; 14. the tip tightens the hand wheel; 15. an index plate; 16. a second three-jaw chuck; 17. an acceleration sensor; 18. a column; 19. a cross arm; 20. a torque adjusting screw; 21. a fixed cover; 22. a height adjustment hand wheel; 23. a cam encoder; 24. an electromagnetic clutch; 25. a transmission gear; 26. a first coupling; 27. a tip; 28. a hand wheel rotating shaft; 29. a friction plate; 30. a second coupling; 31. a first pulley; 32. a shaft; 33. a transmission belt; 34. fixing an end cover; 35. a second pulley; 36. a third coupling; 37. a torque sensor; 38. a first bearing; 39. a first bearing housing; 40. a bearing end cap; 41. a second bearing; 42. a second bearing housing; 43. a fourth coupling; 44. a drive shaft; 45. a second hand wheel; 46. a first bearing end cap; 47. a third bearing; 48. a shaft sleeve; 49. a first lead screw; 50. a first lead screw nut seat; 51. a second bearing end cap; 52. a fourth bearing; 53. a first end cap; 54. a second end cap; 55. a fifth bearing; 56. a third bearing seat; 57. a second lead screw; 58. a second lead screw nut seat; 59. a fourth bearing seat; 60. a third end cap; 61. a third hand wheel; 62. a sixth bearing; 63. a second base; 64. a display screen; 65. pressing a key; 66. a heat dissipation window; 67. a switch; 68. locking the screw; 69. a spring; 70. a spring washer; 71. a feeler gauge; 72. a roller; 73. a cam profile.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a system and a method for detecting profile errors and dynamics of a cylinder intermittent cam, which are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for detecting errors and dynamics of a cylindrical intermittent cam profile according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a laboratory bench and a measurement and control device 12.
The torque sensor, the index plate encoder, the motor, the acceleration sensor and the electromagnetic clutch on the experiment table are connected with the measurement and control device 12 through data lines.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the test bed provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a first base 9, a scale 13 of 1mm is arranged at the upper end of the first base 9, a scale 10 of 0.05mm is arranged at the right end of the first base 9, and a first hand wheel 11 is fixed at the right end of the first base 9 through a bearing.
The first base 9 is fixed with a vertical column 18 through a bolt, the upper end of the vertical column 18 is provided with a height adjusting hand wheel 22, and the vertical column 18 passes through a screw rod and a cross arm 19.
The upper end of the cross arm 19 is fixed with a fixed cover 21 through bolts, and the upper end of the fixed cover 21 is fixed with a torque sensor 1 and an index plate encoder 2 through bolts.
The lower end of the cross arm 19 is provided with a second three-jaw chuck 16, the upper end of the second three-jaw chuck 16 is fixed with an acceleration sensor 17 through a bolt, and the second three-jaw chuck 16 is clamped with the index plate 15.
A supporting frame 7 is fixed at the upper end of the first base 9 through bolts, a rotating shaft is fixed on the supporting frame 7 through a bearing, a cylindrical intermittent cam 8, a first three-jaw chuck 6 and a gear 4 are fixed on the rotating shaft through a connecting key, the gear 4 is connected with a motor 5 through a coupler, and the motor 5 is fixed on the supporting frame 7 through bolts.
The upper end of the motor 5 is provided with a cam rotating hand wheel 3, the cam rotating hand wheel 3 is connected with the gears 4 through a connecting shaft, and the gears 4 are mutually meshed.
The left end of the supporting frame 7 is provided with a tip tightening hand wheel 14, and the tip tightening hand wheel 14 is connected with the rotating shaft through a coupler.
As shown in fig. 4, an index plate fixing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: the indexing disc encoder 2, the indexing disc 15, the second three-jaw chuck 16, the torque adjusting screw 69, the spring 70, the spring washer 20, the fixed cover 21, the friction plate 29, the second coupler 30, the first belt pulley 31, the shaft 32, the bearing end cover 40, the second bearing 41, the second bearing seat 42 and the fourth coupler 43.
The cross arm 19 is embedded with a second bearing seat 42, the second bearing seat 42 is sleeved with a second bearing 41, the upper end of the second bearing seat 42 is fixed with a bearing end cover 40 through a bolt, the second bearing 41 is sleeved with a shaft 32, and the shaft 32 is connected with the first belt pulley 31 through a connecting key.
The upper end of the cross arm 19 is fixed with a fixed cover 21 through bolts, the upper end of a shaft 32 is connected with the index plate encoder 2 through a second coupling 30, and the index plate encoder 2 is fixed on the fixed cover 21 through bolts.
The fixed cover 21 is provided with a sliding groove, a friction plate 29 is placed in the sliding groove, and the friction plate 29 is in line contact with the shaft 32; a torque adjusting screw rod 20 is screwed on the fixed cover 21, the end part of the torque adjusting screw rod 20 is sleeved with a spring washer 70, a spring 69 is sleeved with the spring washer, and the other end of the spring is placed in a blind hole of the friction plate 29; the shaft 32 is connected to the second three-jaw chuck 16 via a fourth coupling 43, and the second three-jaw chuck 16 is clamped to the index plate 15.
As shown in fig. 5, the upright post screw nut pair provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: a second hand wheel 45, a first bearing end cap 46, a third bearing 47, a shaft sleeve 48, a first lead screw 49, a first lead screw nut mount 50, a second bearing end cap 51, a fourth bearing 52, and a first end cap 53.
The upright screw is provided with a shell, the upper end of the shell is embedded with a shaft sleeve 48, the shaft sleeve 48 is sleeved with a third bearing 47, and the upper end of the shaft sleeve 48 is fixed with a first bearing end cover 46 through a bolt.
The lower end of the housing is fitted with a second bearing end cap 51, the second bearing end cap 51 is fitted with a fourth bearing 52, and the second bearing end cap 51 is connected to a first end cap 53 by bolts.
The third bearing 47 and the fourth bearing 52 are sleeved with a first lead screw 49, and the first lead screw 49 is screwed with the second hand wheel 45.
Wherein, first lead screw 49 lead screw pitch is 5mm, and scale 10 is 100 check, and every check precision is 0.05 mm.
As shown in fig. 7, the loading structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: the indexing disc encoder 2, the torque adjusting screw rod 20, the friction plate 29, the second coupling 30, the first belt pulley 31, the shaft 32, the transmission belt 33, the fixed end cover 34, the second belt pulley 35, the third coupling 36, the torque sensor 37, the first bearing 38 and the first bearing seat 39.
The left end of the cross arm 19 is fixed with a fixed end cover 34 through a bolt, the cross arm 19 is embedded with a first bearing seat 39, the first bearing seat 39 is sleeved with a first bearing 38, and the first bearing 38 is sleeved with a rotating shaft; the fixed end cover 34 is provided with a transverse sliding chute, a friction plate 29 is clamped in the transverse sliding chute, the end part of the torque adjusting screw rod 20 is sleeved with a spring washer 70, a spring 69 is sleeved with the spring washer, and the other end of the spring is placed in a blind hole of the friction plate 29; .
The rotating shaft is connected with the second belt wheel 35 through a connecting key, the upper end of the rotating shaft is connected with a third coupling device 36, and a torque sensor 37 is arranged at the upper end of the third coupling device 36; wherein the friction plate 29 is in contact with the rotating shaft surface.
A shaft 32 is fixed at the upper right end of the cross arm 19 through a bearing, the upper end of the shaft 32 is connected with a first belt pulley 31 through a connecting key, the shaft 32 is connected with a second coupling 30, and an index plate encoder 2 is arranged at the upper end of the second coupling 30. The first pulley 31 and the second pulley 35 are connected by a belt 33.
As shown in fig. 8, the base screw nut pair according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a second end cap 54, a fifth bearing 55, a third bearing seat 56, a second screw 57, a second screw nut seat 58, a fourth bearing seat 59, a third end cap 60, a third hand wheel 61, a sixth bearing 62, and a second base 63.
A third bearing seat 56 is arranged at the left end of the second base 63, a fifth bearing 55 is embedded on the third bearing seat 56, a second screw 57 is sleeved on the fifth bearing 55, and a second end cover 54 is arranged at the left side of the fifth bearing 55;
the second lead screw 57 is provided with a second lead screw nut seat 58, the right end of the second base 63 is connected with a fourth bearing seat 59 in a clamped mode, the fourth bearing seat 59 is sleeved with the second lead screw 57, the outer side of the fourth bearing seat 59 is fixed with a third end cover 60 through bolts, and the second lead screw 57 is connected with a third hand wheel 61 in a clamped mode.
As shown in fig. 9, the measurement and control device provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: display 64, button 65, heat dissipation window 66, switch 67.
A display screen 64 is embedded on the measurement and control device 12, and a key 65 is embedded at the right end of the display screen 64; the bottom side of the measurement and control device 12 is provided with a switch 67, and the right side of the measurement and control device 12 is provided with a heat radiation window 66.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the motor speed and the motion rule of the cam are set through the measuring and controlling device, the second three-jaw chuck 16 is opened, the index plate 15 is clamped, and then the index plate 15 is aligned and tightened. The first three-jaw chuck 6 is opened to clamp the cam 8, and the centre locking hand wheel 14 is rotated to enable the centre 27 to be supported in an auxiliary mode, and the cam 18 is adjusted and clamped. The first rotating hand wheel 11 moves the support frame 7, the center distance between the cam and the dividing plate is adjusted to the designed center distance, and the height adjusting hand wheel 22 is rotated to move the upper position and the lower position of the dividing plate so that the cam is meshed with the dividing plate.
As shown in fig. 14, the clearance between the index plate roller 72 and the cam groove is then measured by the feeler gauge 71, and it is checked whether the width of the cam groove is acceptable.
When the error of the cam profile 73 is measured manually, the electromagnetic clutch 24 is disconnected from the camshaft and the motor, the cam is rotated to rotate the hand wheel 3, the cam is driven to move through the transmission of the gear 4, the cam is meshed with the index plate to drive the index plate to move, the torque adjusting bolt 20 is adjusted to compress the spring 69, the friction plate 29 is extruded to compress the shaft to load the index plate, the hand wheel is rotated to measure, the rotation angle relation between the cam and the index plate is obtained by reading the data of the cam encoder and the index plate encoder, and the error is obtained and displayed by comparing with a design curve; and (3) automatic measurement, wherein the rotating speed of the motor is reduced through a measurement and control device, and the motor is used for driving the cam to rotate, so that the error measurement of the cam profile 73 is completed.
When the cam dynamics measurement is carried out, the rotating speed of a motor is set through a measurement and control device, an electromagnetic clutch is connected with a cam shaft and the motor, the motor is started, an index plate is meshed with the cam, data of a cam encoder and an index plate encoder are read to obtain the rotating angle relation between the cam and the index plate, the numerical value is differentiated to obtain the rotating speed relation, acceleration and vibration information of the index plate is obtained through reading an acceleration sensor, and the signals are displayed in a split screen mode.
The measuring and controlling device consists of a control device, a display, keys and the like, and the keys are used for designing the motion rule and the geometric parameters of the measured cam; setting the rotating speed of a motor; controlling the separation and combination of the electromagnetic clutch; reading encoder signals of a camshaft encoder and an indexing disc shaft, wherein the motion curve law of a cam is the motion relation between the rotation angle of the shaft of the cam and the rotation angle of an indexing disc, the rotation angle signal of the camshaft encoder is used as a horizontal coordinate, the rotation angle signal of the indexing disc is used as a vertical coordinate, the motion law of the rotation angle is displayed, and errors are calculated and displayed according to the designed motion law. Meanwhile, the relation between the speeds can be calculated by utilizing the derivation of the angle signal of the graduated disk to the time and the derivation of the signal of the graduated disk of the camshaft to the time, the signal of the acceleration sensor is read, and the acceleration and the vibration signal of the graduated disk are obtained.
The pulse encoder outputs two paths of square wave signals of an A phase and a B phase, the total number NUM of the pulses is calculated by a counter, the A phase leads the B phase by 90 degrees, positive rotation is carried out, one pulse NUM is added with 1, on the contrary, the B phase leads the A phase by 90 degrees, reverse rotation is carried out, one pulse NUM is subtracted with 1, the number of encoder lines is N, 4 times of subdivision is carried out, the total angle of rotation is 360 NUM/N/4, and the unit: degree; calculating speed, namely accumulating one pulse number VNUM in unit time of t milliseconds, and calculating a speed V which is 1000X 360 VNUM/4/t, wherein the unit is: degree/second; calculation of angular acceleration a 1000 (V)t-Vt-1)/t，VtSpeed at time t, unit: degree of rotation2In seconds.
The method comprises the steps of processing signals of an acceleration sensor, wherein the acceleration sensor is mainly used for measuring acceleration and vibration of dynamic detection of a cam, firstly carrying out low-pass filtering, filtering out noise waves, then adopting the signals, adopting Kalman filtering, converting acceleration value signals AXIAN into angular acceleration AJIAO (axial acceleration/R), and using R as the distance from the sensor to a rotation center.
And after obtaining angular speed and acceleration signals of the cam and the index plate, displaying data, wherein the abscissa is the cam rotation angle, and the ordinate is the angle, the angular speed and the angular acceleration signals of the index plate respectively.
And (3) calculating coordinate errors of each point on the cam profile surface of the cylindrical intermittent cam: establishing a coordinate system O of a cylindrical intermittent cam mechanism1-X1Y1Z1The method can be obtained by using the meshing principle and the space tensor transformation method1-X1Y1Z1The working profile surface equation of the cam in the coordinate system is as follows:
in the formula, l: distance from the roller center line to the rotation axis, c: center distance, R: radius of the roller:the distance between any section of the roller and the camshaft is β, the contact angle between the cam and the roller, the rotation angles of the swing rod and the cam are tau and theta, and the motion rule of the cam is satisfied, wherein tau is tau0+τ(θ)。
In the coordinate system of the cylindrical intermittent cam mechanism in fig. 14, by measuring the rotation angle error of the known dividing disc, namely Δ τ, according to the working profile equation, the actual profile equation can be obtained as follows:
according to the motion law tau of cam0+ τ (θ) and different values, into the error values for each point on the available working profile:
the above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting errors and dynamics of a cylindrical intermittent cam profile, characterized by comprising: setting the rotation speed of a motor and the motion rule of a cam through a measurement and control device, opening a second three-jaw chuck, clamping an index plate, and aligning and clamping the index plate; opening the first three-jaw chuck to clamp the cam, rotating a tip to lock a hand wheel, enabling the tip to perform auxiliary support, aligning and clamping the cam; rotating the first hand wheel, moving the support frame, adjusting the center distance between the cam and the index plate to the designed center distance, and rotating the height adjusting hand wheel to move the upper position and the lower position of the index plate so as to mesh the cam and the index plate; and then, measuring the gap between the dividing plate roller and the cam groove by using a feeler gauge, and detecting whether the width of the cam groove is qualified.
2. The cylindrical intermittent cam profile error and dynamics detection method of claim 1, further comprising: when the cam profile error is measured manually, the electromagnetic clutch is disconnected from the cam shaft and the motor, the cam is rotated to rotate the hand wheel, the cam is driven to move through gear transmission, the cam shaft drives the cam encoder to rotate through gear connection, the cam is meshed with the index plate to drive the index plate to move, the moment adjusting bolt is adjusted to load the index plate, the hand wheel is rotated to measure, the relationship between the rotation angle, the rotation speed and the acceleration of the cam and the index plate is obtained by reading the data of the cam encoder and the index plate encoder, and the relationship is compared with a design curve to obtain and display the error; and (3) automatic measurement, wherein the rotating speed of the motor is reduced through a measurement and control device, and the motor is used for driving the cam to rotate so as to complete the measurement of the error of the profile surface of the cam.
3. The cylindrical intermittent cam profile error and dynamics detection method of claim 1, further comprising: when the cam dynamics measurement is carried out, the rotating speed of a motor is set through a measurement and control device, an electromagnetic clutch is connected with a cam shaft and the motor, the motor is started, an index plate is meshed with the cam, data of a cam encoder and an index plate encoder are read to obtain the rotating angle relation between the cam and the index plate, the numerical value is differentiated to obtain the rotating speed relation, the rotating speed is differentiated to obtain an acceleration signal, vibration information of the index plate is obtained through reading an acceleration sensor, and the signal is displayed in a split screen mode;
the acceleration sensor is used for measuring acceleration and vibration of dynamic detection of the cam, low-pass filtering is firstly carried out, clutter is filtered out, then sampling is carried out, the signal adopts Kalman filtering, an acceleration value signal AXIAN is collected and then converted into angular acceleration AJIAO (axial acceleration/R), and R is the distance from the sensor to a rotation center;
after obtaining angular speed and acceleration signals of the cam and the index plate, displaying data, wherein the abscissa is a cam rotation angle, and the ordinate is an angle, an angular speed and an angular acceleration signal of the index plate respectively;
the pulse encoder outputs two-way square wave signals of an A phase and a B phase, the total number NUM of pulses is calculated by a counter, the A phase leads the B phase, positive rotation is carried out, a pulse NUM is added with 1, on the contrary, the B phase leads the A phase, reverse rotation is carried out, a pulse NUM is subtracted with 1, the number of encoder lines is N, 4 times of subdivision is carried out, and the total angle of rotation is 360 NUM/N/4, the unit: degree; calculating speed, namely accumulating one pulse number VNUM in unit time of t milliseconds, and calculating a speed V which is 1000X 360 VNUM/4/t, wherein the unit is: degree/second; calculation of angular acceleration a 1000 (V)t-Vt-1)/t，VtSpeed at time t, unit: degree of rotation2A/second;
and (3) calculating coordinate errors of each point on the cam profile surface of the cylindrical intermittent cam: establishing a coordinate system O of a cylindrical intermittent cam mechanism1-X1Y1Z1Using the meshing principle and the space tensor transformation method to obtain O1-X1Y1Z1The working profile surface equation of the cam in the coordinate system is as follows:
in the formula, l is the distance from the central line of the roller to the rotating shaft, c is the center distance, R is the radius of the roller, R is the distance from any section of the roller to the camshaft, β is the contact angle between the cam and the roller, and tau and theta are the rotation angles of the swing rod and the cam respectively and satisfy the motion rule of the cam, wherein tau is tau0+τ(θ)；
By measuring the rotation angle error delta tau of the known dividing disc and according to the working profile surface equation, the actual profile surface equation is obtained as follows:
according to the motion law tau of cam0+ τ (θ) and different values, into the error values for each point on the available working profile:
4. a cylindrical intermittent cam profile error and dynamics detection system for implementing the cylindrical intermittent cam profile error and dynamics detection method of claim 1, wherein the cylindrical intermittent cam profile error and dynamics detection system is provided with:
a test bench and a measurement and control device;
the torque sensor, the index plate encoder, the motor, the acceleration sensor, the electromagnetic clutch and the like on the experiment table are connected with the measurement and control device through cables;
the first base is fixedly provided with an upright post through a bolt, the upper end of the upright post is provided with a cross arm height adjusting hand wheel, and the middle of the upright post is provided with a screw rod; the cross arm is fixed on the screw nut seat;
the upper end of the cross arm is fixed with a fixed cover through a bolt, and the upper end of the fixed cover is fixed with a torque sensor 1 and an index plate encoder through a bolt;
the lower end of the cross arm is provided with a second three-jaw chuck, the upper end of the second three-jaw chuck is fixed with an acceleration sensor through a bolt, and the second three-jaw chuck is clamped with the index plate;
the upper end of the first base fixes a supporting frame on a screw nut seat through a bolt, the supporting frame is fixed with a rotating shaft through a bearing, the rotating shaft is fixed with a first three-jaw chuck and a gear through a connecting key, the gear is connected with a motor through a coupler, the motor is fixed on the supporting frame through the bolt, and a cylindrical intermittent cam is installed on the first three-jaw chuck;
the upper end of the motor is provided with a cam rotating hand wheel which is connected with the gears through a connecting shaft, and the gears are mutually meshed;
and a centre tightening hand wheel is arranged at the left end of the supporting frame and is connected with the rotating shaft through a coupler.
5. The system for detecting errors and dynamics of cylindrical intermittent cam profile errors according to claim 4, characterized in that the upright lead screw is provided with a shell, a shaft sleeve is embedded at the upper end of the shell, a third bearing is sleeved on the shaft sleeve, and a first bearing end cover is fixed at the upper end of the shaft sleeve through a bolt;
a second bearing end cover is embedded at the lower end of the shell, a fourth bearing is embedded in the second bearing end cover, and the second bearing end cover is connected with the first end cover through a bolt;
the third bearing and the fourth bearing are sleeved with a first lead screw, and the first lead screw is excessively matched with the second wheel shaft hole and fixed together through a locking bolt.
6. The system for detecting errors and dynamics of the cylindrical intermittent cam profile according to claim 4, wherein a fixed end cover is fixed at the left end of the cross arm through a bolt, a first bearing seat is embedded in the cross arm, a first bearing is sleeved on the first bearing seat, and a rotating shaft is sleeved on the first bearing seat; the fixed end cover is provided with a transverse chute, a friction plate is clamped in the transverse chute, a spring is placed in a blind hole on the friction plate, the other end of the spring is sleeved on a spring washer, an inner hole of the spring washer is sleeved with a torque adjusting screw rod, a torque adjusting bolt is used for tightly pressing or loosening the spring through the spring washer, the spring pushes the friction plate to move in the groove, and the other side of the friction plate is in contact with the shaft surface;
the rotating shaft is connected with the second belt wheel through a connecting key, the upper end of the rotating shaft is connected with a third coupling device, and a torque sensor is arranged at the upper end of the third coupling device; wherein, the friction plate is in hard contact with the rotating shaft;
a shaft is fixed at the upper right end of the cross arm through a bearing, the upper end of the shaft is connected with a first belt wheel through a connecting key, the shaft is connected with a second coupler, and an index plate encoder is arranged at the upper end of the second coupler; wherein, the first belt wheel is connected with the second belt wheel through a transmission belt.
7. The system for detecting errors and dynamics of cylindrical intermittent cam profile errors according to claim 4, characterized in that a third bearing seat is arranged on the left end of the base, a fifth bearing is embedded on the third bearing seat, a second lead screw is sleeved on the fifth bearing, and a second end cover is arranged on the left side of the fifth bearing;
the second lead screw is provided with a second lead screw nut seat, the right end of the second base is connected with a fourth bearing seat in a clamping mode, the second lead screw is sleeved on the fourth bearing seat, a third end cover is fixed on the outer side of the fourth bearing seat through bolts, and the second lead screw is excessively matched with a third hand wheel shaft hole and is fixed through a locking nut.
8. The system for detecting errors and dynamics of cylindrical intermittent cam profile errors according to claim 4, wherein the test bed is provided with a first base, a 1mm scale is arranged at the upper end of the first base, a 0.05mm scale is arranged at the right end of the first base, and the first hand wheel and the lead screw are fixed at the right end of the first base through a locking nut.
9. The system for detecting errors and dynamics of cylindrical intermittent cam profile according to claim 4, characterized in that a display screen is embedded on the measurement and control device, and a key is embedded at the right end of the display screen; the bottom side of the measurement and control device is provided with a switch, and the right side of the measurement and control device is provided with a heat dissipation window.
10. A cam mechanics detection system for implementing the cylindrical intermittent cam profile error and dynamics detection method of any one of claims 1-3.
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