CN111396397A

CN111396397A - Hydraulic cylinder

Info

Publication number: CN111396397A
Application number: CN202010239521.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邵立坤; 其他发明人请求不公开姓名
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-03-30
Filing date: 2020-03-30
Publication date: 2020-07-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic cylinder, which comprises a cylinder body, wherein the upper end of the cylinder body is provided with an upper end cover, and the lower end of the cylinder body is provided with a lower end cover; a piston body is connected in the cylinder body in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, and a piston rod extending out of the upper end cover is fixedly installed at the upper end of the piston body; a rodless cavity is formed between the piston body and the lower end cover in the cylinder body, and a rod cavity is formed between the piston body and the upper end cover; the side surface of the lower end cover is provided with an A port communicated with the rodless cavity, and the side surface of the cylinder body is provided with a B port communicated with the rod cavity; a lock hole is formed in the lower end of the piston body in the upward direction along the vertical direction, a hollow lock block is fixedly installed at an opening at the lower end of the lock hole, a lock column is arranged on the lower end cover, and a locking assembly is arranged on the side face of the lock column; an unlocking assembly is arranged in the lock hole; the hydraulic cylinder is simple in structure, and can automatically lock and unlock the piston body.

Description

Hydraulic cylinder

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic cylinders, and particularly relates to a hydraulic cylinder with a self-locking function.

Background

The hydraulic cylinder is an actuating element in a hydraulic system, and at present, the hydraulic cylinder is widely applied to the fields of industry, agriculture, aerospace and the like. With the acceleration of the national urbanization construction pace, the cleaning, greening and beautifying work of cities is very important. The cleaning workload of urban road surface street garbage is also increasing. At present, in some large and medium-sized cities, garbage cleaning vehicles are gradually adopted to replace the traditional manual cleaning. The swinging out and the retracting back of the sweeping arm of the garbage sweeper are realized by adopting a hydraulic cylinder. During sweeping operation, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends out, the sweeping arm swings out, and the sweeping disc starts to work; during driving, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder drives the sweeping disc to retract and lock, so that the driving safety is ensured. At present, the locking of a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder is realized by adopting a hydraulic control one-way valve on a hydraulic system. Theoretically, as long as the oil in the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is sealed by the hydraulic control one-way valve and is not discharged, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder cannot automatically extend out. However, the hydraulic control one-way valve and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder inevitably have leakage, so the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder can slowly extend after a long time, and the driving safety is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a hydraulic cylinder which is simple in structure and can automatically realize locking and unlocking of a piston body.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder body, wherein the upper end of the cylinder body is provided with an upper end cover, and the lower end of the cylinder body is provided with a lower end cover; a piston body is connected in the cylinder body in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, and a piston rod extending out of the upper end cover is fixedly installed at the upper end of the piston body; a rodless cavity is formed between the piston body and the lower end cover in the cylinder body, and a rod cavity is formed between the piston body and the upper end cover; the side surface of the lower end cover is provided with an A port communicated with the rodless cavity, and the side surface of the cylinder body is provided with a B port communicated with the rod cavity; a lock hole is formed in the lower end of the piston body in the upward direction, a hollow lock block is fixedly installed at an opening at the lower end of the lock hole, a lock column is arranged on the lower end cover, a locking assembly is arranged on the side face of the lock column, when the piston body moves to the lower end, the lock column penetrates through the hollow lock block and extends into the lock hole, and the lock block is locked by the locking assembly; an unlocking assembly is arranged in the lock hole, and when the piston body needs to move upwards, the unlocking assembly unlocks the lock block.

In a further technical scheme, the locking assembly comprises a left block, a right block and a locking spring, a square locking groove penetrating left and right is formed in the locking column, and the left block and the right block are both connected in the square locking groove in a sliding manner; the left end of the square locking groove is fixedly provided with a left hollow plug, and the right end of the square locking groove is fixedly provided with a right hollow plug; the locking spring is positioned between the left and right blocks and used for forcing the left and right blocks to move in opposite directions; the left block is provided with a left spring bolt extending out of the left hollow plug, and the right block is provided with a right spring bolt extending out of the right hollow plug; the left lock tongue and the right lock tongue are both provided with a first inclined plane; a first chamfer matched with the first inclined plane is arranged at the lower end of the through hole in the lock block; when the locking block is locked, the left spring bolt and the right spring bolt are both positioned above the locking block.

In a further technical scheme, the unlocking assembly comprises an unlocking piston, a sliding groove which is coaxial and communicated with the lock hole is formed in the upper end of the piston body, and the lower end of the piston rod is fixedly installed at an opening in the upper end of the sliding groove; the unlocking piston is connected in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, the lower end of the unlocking piston extends downwards to be provided with a push rod connected in the locking hole in a sliding mode, and the lower end of the push rod is provided with an avoiding groove for the upper end of the locking column to extend into; a first chamber is formed between the unlocking piston and the lower end of the piston rod in the sliding groove, and a second chamber is formed between the unlocking piston and the bottom of the sliding groove; a first oil hole for communicating the second cavity with the rod cavity and a second oil hole for communicating the first cavity with the rodless cavity are formed in the piston body; when the locking block is unlocked, the ejector rod moves downwards to push the left lock tongue and the right lock tongue into the square locking groove from the upper part of the locking block.

In a further technical scheme, a second chamfer matched with the first inclined plane is arranged at an opening at the lower end of the avoidance groove; and a third chamfer is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the locking block.

In a further technical scheme, an upper oil hole for communicating a rod cavity and a port B is formed in the cylinder body; and a lower oil hole for communicating the rodless cavity with the port A is formed in the lower end cover.

Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:

after the piston rod retracts to the right position, the piston body is automatically locked under the action of the locking block and the locking assembly, so that the piston rod is prevented from extending out; when the piston rod extends out, pressure oil is introduced into the port A, so that the unlocking piston drives the ejector rod to move downwards, and the left lock tongue and the right lock tongue in the locking assembly are pushed into the square lock groove to automatically unlock the lock block; the invention has simple structure, ingenious conception, compact volume and low processing and manufacturing cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a downward movement of a piston body in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first chamfer in contact with the first chamfer of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the locking piece of the present invention when locked;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second chamfer in contact with a first chamfer of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the lock of the present invention when unlocked;

fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at C in fig. 1.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1-6, a hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder body 1, wherein an upper end cover 3 is fixedly disposed at an upper end of the cylinder body 1, and a lower end cover 2 is fixedly disposed at a lower end thereof; a piston body 4 is connected in the cylinder body 1 in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, and a piston rod 5 extending out of the upper end cover 3 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the piston body 4; a rodless cavity 1a is formed between the piston body 4 and the lower end cover 2 in the cylinder body 1, and a rod cavity 1b is formed between the piston body 4 and the upper end cover 3; the side surface of the lower end cover 2 is provided with an opening A, a lower oil hole 21 for communicating the rodless cavity 1a with the opening A is formed in the lower end cover 2, an opening B is formed in the side surface of the cylinder body 1, and an upper oil hole 11 for communicating the rod cavity 1B with the opening B is formed in the cylinder body 1; a lock hole 41 is formed in the lower end of the piston body 4 in the upward direction, a hollow lock block 6 is fixedly installed at an opening at the lower end of the lock hole 41, a lock column 22 is arranged on the lower end cover 2, a locking assembly is arranged on the side face of the lock column 22, when the piston body 4 moves to the lower end, the lock column 22 penetrates through the hollow lock block 6 and extends into the lock hole 41, and the locking assembly locks the lock block 6; an unlocking assembly is arranged in the lock hole 41, and when the piston body 4 needs to move upwards, the unlocking assembly unlocks the locking block 6.

The locking assembly comprises a left-hand block 7, a right-hand block 8 and a locking spring 9, a square locking groove 23 which penetrates left and right is formed in the locking column 22, and the left-hand block 7 and the right-hand block 8 are connected in the square locking groove 23 in a sliding mode; the left end of the square locking groove 23 is fixedly provided with a left hollow plug 7a, and the right end is fixedly provided with a right hollow plug 8 a; said locking spring 9 is located between left block 7 and right block 8, said locking spring 9 is used to force left block 7 and right block 8 to move in opposite directions; the left block 7 is provided with a left bolt 71 extending out of the left hollow plug 7a, and the right block 8 is provided with a right bolt 81 extending out of the right hollow plug 8 a; the left bolt 71 and the right bolt 81 are both provided with first inclined planes 72 and 82; the lower end of the through hole in the locking block 6 is provided with a first chamfer 61 matched with the first inclined planes 72 and 82; when the locking block 6 is locked, the left bolt 71 and the right bolt 81 are both positioned above the locking block 6.

The unlocking assembly comprises an unlocking piston 10, the upper end of the piston body 4 is provided with a sliding groove 42 which is coaxial and communicated with the lock hole 41, and the lower end of the piston rod 5 is fixedly arranged at an opening at the upper end of the sliding groove 42; the unlocking piston 10 is connected in the sliding groove 42 in a sliding manner, the lower end of the unlocking piston 10 extends downwards to be provided with a push rod 101 connected in the locking hole 41 in a sliding manner, the lower end of the push rod 101 is provided with an avoiding groove 102 into which the upper end of the locking column 22 extends, the opening at the lower end of the avoiding groove 102 is provided with a second chamfer 103 matched with the first inclined surfaces 72 and 82, and the outer side of the upper end of the locking block 6 is provided with a third chamfer 62; a first chamber 4a is formed between the unlocking piston 10 and the lower end of the piston rod 5 in the slide groove 42, and a second chamber 4b is formed between the unlocking piston 10 and the bottom of the slide groove 42; a first oil hole 46 for communicating the second chamber 4b with the rod cavity 1b and a second oil hole 47 for communicating the first chamber 4a with the rodless cavity 1a are formed in the piston body 4; when the lock block 6 is unlocked, the plunger 101 moves downward, and the left latch tongue 71 and the right latch tongue 81 are pushed into the square lock groove 23 from above the lock block 6.

Before the oil cylinder works, an opening A and an opening B of the oil cylinder need to be connected into a pipeline, as shown in figure 1, pressure oil is introduced into the opening B, the opening A returns oil, at the moment, the pressure oil at the opening B is divided into two paths, one path enters a second chamber 4B through an upper oil hole 11, a rod cavity 1B and a first oil hole 46 to push an unlocking piston 10 to press the lower end of a piston rod 5 upwards, the other path enters a rod cavity 1B through the upper oil hole 11 to act on the piston body 4 to push the piston body 4 to move downwards, and oil in a rodless cavity 1a flows out of the opening A through a lower oil hole 21; when the piston body 4 moves to the position shown in fig. 2, the first inclined surfaces 72,82 contact with the first chamfer 61, as the piston body 4 moves downwards, the left bolt 71 and the right bolt 81 move towards the square lock groove 23 and compress the lock spring 9 under the action of the first inclined surfaces 72,82 and the first chamfer 61, respectively, when the piston body 4 moves to the position shown in fig. 3, the left bolt 71 and the right bolt 81 extend out under the action of the lock spring 9 and are positioned above the lock block 6, and therefore the piston body 4 realizes automatic locking under the action of the left bolt 71, the right bolt 81 and the lock block 6.

When the piston rod 5 needs to work when extending out, pressure oil is introduced into the port A, oil is returned from the port B, the pressure oil entering from the port A is divided into two paths, one path enters the lower end of the rodless cavity 1a through the lower oil hole 21 and acts on the lower end of the piston body 4, the other path enters the first chamber 4a through the lower oil hole 21, the rodless cavity 1a and the second oil hole 47, the unlocking piston 10 is pushed to move downwards, the unlocking piston 10 moves downwards, the ejector rod 101 is driven to move downwards, when the ejector rod 101 moves downwards to the position shown in figure 4, the upper end of the lock column 22 extends into the avoiding groove 102, the second chamfer 103 at the opening at the lower end of the avoiding groove 102 is contacted with the first inclined planes 72 and 82, along with the continuous downward movement of the unlocking piston 10, the left lock tongue 71 and the right lock tongue 81 move towards the square lock groove 23 under the action of the first inclined planes 72 and 82 and the second chamfer 103 respectively and compress the lock spring 9 until the left lock tongue 71 and the right lock tongue 81 leave the upper end of the lock block 6, the second chamfer 103 is pressed on the third chamfer 62; the piston body 4 upwards drives the piston rod 5 to extend out, so that the automatic unlocking of the piston body 4 is realized.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic cylinder comprises a cylinder body, wherein the upper end of the cylinder body is provided with an upper end cover, and the lower end of the cylinder body is provided with a lower end cover; a piston body is connected in the cylinder body in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, and a piston rod extending out of the upper end cover is fixedly installed at the upper end of the piston body; a rodless cavity is formed between the piston body and the lower end cover in the cylinder body, and a rod cavity is formed between the piston body and the upper end cover; the side surface of the lower end cover is provided with an A port communicated with the rodless cavity, and the side surface of the cylinder body is provided with a B port communicated with the rod cavity; the piston is characterized in that a lock hole is formed in the lower end of the piston body in the upward direction, a hollow lock block is fixedly installed at an opening at the lower end of the lock hole, a lock column is arranged on the lower end cover, a locking assembly is arranged on the side face of the lock column, when the piston body moves to the lower end, the lock column penetrates through the hollow lock block and extends into the lock hole, and the lock block is locked by the locking assembly; an unlocking assembly is arranged in the lock hole, and when the piston body needs to move upwards, the unlocking assembly unlocks the lock block.

2. The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the locking assembly comprises a left-hand block, a right-hand block and a locking spring, a square locking groove penetrating left and right is formed in the locking column, and the left-hand block and the right-hand block are both connected in the square locking groove in a sliding manner; the left end of the square locking groove is fixedly provided with a left hollow plug, and the right end of the square locking groove is fixedly provided with a right hollow plug; the locking spring is positioned between the left and right blocks and used for forcing the left and right blocks to move in opposite directions; the left block is provided with a left spring bolt extending out of the left hollow plug, and the right block is provided with a right spring bolt extending out of the right hollow plug; the left lock tongue and the right lock tongue are both provided with a first inclined plane; a first chamfer matched with the first inclined plane is arranged at the lower end of the through hole in the lock block; when the locking block is locked, the left spring bolt and the right spring bolt are both positioned above the locking block.

3. The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 2, wherein the unlocking assembly comprises an unlocking piston, a sliding groove which is coaxial and communicated with the lock hole is formed in the upper end of the piston body, and the lower end of the piston rod is fixedly installed at an opening in the upper end of the sliding groove; the unlocking piston is connected in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, the lower end of the unlocking piston extends downwards to be provided with a push rod connected in the locking hole in a sliding mode, and the lower end of the push rod is provided with an avoiding groove for the upper end of the locking column to extend into; a first chamber is formed between the unlocking piston and the lower end of the piston rod in the sliding groove, and a second chamber is formed between the unlocking piston and the bottom of the sliding groove; a first oil hole for communicating the second cavity with the rod cavity and a second oil hole for communicating the first cavity with the rodless cavity are formed in the piston body; when the locking block is unlocked, the ejector rod moves downwards to push the left lock tongue and the right lock tongue into the square locking groove from the upper part of the locking block.

4. The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 3, wherein a second chamfer matched with the first inclined surface is arranged at the opening at the lower end of the avoidance groove; and a third chamfer is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the locking block.

5. The hydraulic cylinder according to claim 1, wherein an upper oil hole for communicating the rod cavity and the port B is formed in the cylinder body; and a lower oil hole for communicating the rodless cavity with the port A is formed in the lower end cover.