CN111396053A - Actual measurement method for shallow coal seam roof inclination fracture angle - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an actual measurement method for a top plate inclined fracture angle of a shallow coal seam, which relates to the technical field of coal mine monitoring. According to the method, the roof caving rule and the roof inclination breaking angle field observation are organically combined, the evolution process of the roof inclination breaking angle of the shallow coal seam mining is drawn through field continuous observation, and scientific basis is provided for the roof caving rule and roof control of the shallow coal seam mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine monitoring, in particular to an actual measurement method for a shallow coal seam roof inclination fracture angle.
Background
The method is an essential technology for realizing safe and efficient mining of coal seams in the region by the shallow coal seam mining roof control in western China. Roof calamity not only influences the normal stope of working face, also can cause the threat to personnel and equipment in the pit simultaneously, causes the manufacturing cost input to increase, directly influences economic benefits.
The mining practice and research of the shallow coal seam show that the roof collapses to the earth surface directly when the roof is pressed severely, so that steps are formed and subside, and the roof is seriously damaged; mining causes surface subsidence and cracks, damages to surface buildings and roads are caused, and meanwhile, regional ecological damage and desertification are aggravated, so that the ecological environment of a mining area faces serious danger.
Many scholars research the movement damage structure form of the overlying rock stratum of the goaf, and the Cao Shenggen teaches that the size of the breaking angle of the direct roof rock stratum is related to the lithology and the height of the direct roof rock stratum, and the harder the lithology, the smaller the breaking angle; the bow-hilling professor and other applied key layer theories provide a trapezoidal platform body structure with a damaged roof in a large mining height stope, and the shape and the size of the structure are influenced by the broken angle of bedrock. Research findings of professor Zuojianpin and the like; the coal sample destruction is mainly single inclined plane shear destruction, the average value of the breaking angle obtained by measurement is 26.84 degrees, the breaking angle calculated by using Coulomb strength criterion is 28.31 degrees, and certain deviation exists between theory and measured value. The damage form of the overlying strata is determined by the overburden rock tendency breaking angle under the occurrence condition of the shallow coal seam, and the damage form is an important basis for top plate control and support model selection of a stope; the actual tendency breaking angle of the top plate of the shallow coal seam is mastered, the caving form of the top plate is mastered in a refined mode, and proper support initial supporting force is selected, so that the method has important theoretical significance and social value for reducing top plate accidents and achieving safe production.
At present, the common technologies for obtaining the top plate inclined fracture angle are all single methods, mainly comprising: (1) and (4) theoretical calculation: the top plate fracture angle is obtained through shear experiments or Coulomb strength criterion theory calculation, influence factors of the size of the top plate fracture angle are summarized, and the real top plate fracture angle cannot be obtained according to specific geology and mining conditions. (2) Physical similarity simulation experiment: the stratum parameters of the research area are obtained by utilizing field statistics or coal-rock physical mechanics experiments, the physical similar model frame is manufactured according to the similar law, and the inclined breaking angle of the simulated roof is visually observed and measured through simulating the excavation process. The method can simulate the rock stratum caving process more truly, but due to the limitation of laboratory conditions, the obtained conclusion has certain limitation. (3) And selecting physical and mechanical parameters of the research area by using numerical simulation software, and performing numerical simulation calculation to obtain the inclined fracture angle of the top plate. The method is based on accurate physical mechanical parameters, but the mechanical parameters of the numerical simulation calculation remain uncertain, and the obtained results need further calibration.
In summary, due to the fact that underground geological conditions are complex and changeable, roof breakage influence factors are many, results of theoretical calculation, physical simulation experiments and numerical value calculation are simplified to a certain degree, and have deviation with actual measurement result values, and an actual measurement method for a shallow coal seam roof inclination breakage angle does not exist at present, the invention provides an actual measurement method for the shallow coal seam roof inclination breakage angle, and the method is used for solving the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for actually measuring a top plate tendency fracture angle of a shallow coal seam, which is used for solving the problems in the prior art.
A method for actually measuring a shallow coal seam roof inclination fracture angle comprises the following steps:
s1, designing an actual measurement scheme according to the theoretical calculation result, and determining the position of the measurement station and drilling parameters; (ii) a
The method for determining the position of each survey station comprises the steps of determining the angle α of borehole construction according to the horizontal overhanging distance L from a borehole to the inside of a coal body and the height H of an observation horizon;
s2, constructing according to the drilling parameters determined in the step S1 to obtain a drilled hole;
s3, in the process of mining the working face, continuously observing the drill hole in the step S3 by using a drill hole peeping instrument, acquiring the position of crack, separation layer or collapse in the drill hole, and recording the depth d of the drill hole corresponding to each positionijWherein i is the number of the drill holes, and j is the observation frequency, and the final breaking position corresponding to each drill hole is obtained until the roof of the working face goaf moves relatively stably;
s4, combining drilling angle α in S1 and drilling depth d in S3ijWhen different peeping positions are solved, the horizontal distance l between the breaking position and the orificeijAnd a corresponding vertical height hij；
S5, calculating all points of each observation breaking position according to the S4, tracing the points in drawing software, and drawing a roof breaking position evolution diagram of different layers;
s6, obtaining the vertical height H according to the breaking position of the drill hole observed after the top plate is relatively stable1And H2Angle of inclination of top plate between layers1Vertical height is H2And H3Angle of inclination of top plate between layers2Vertical height is H3Mean tendency to rupture angle theta of sub-horizon ceiling3。
Preferably, in S1, according to the observation purpose, the determined drilling parameters include inclination angle, elevation angle, hole depth, and height of the opening from the gate roof, by combining the theoretical calculation result and the working face geological drilling comprehensive histogram.
Preferably, when the positions of all the measuring stations are determined, the overhanging horizontal distance L of the drill hole into the coal body is determined to be larger than the actual overhanging distance of the end of the working face according to the length of the end overhanging top during the stoping of different working faces, the vertical height H of the drill hole is determined according to the position needing to be measured, and the drilling angle α can be calculated according to the formula (1) after the overhanging horizontal distance L and the height H of the observed position are determined;
in the formula, a is the distance between the position of a drilling hole and the top plate of the auxiliary transportation crossheading; b is the width of the coal pillar of the section; and b is the width of the transportation gate.
Preferably, in the step S4, the horizontal distance l from the orifice when different peeking positions are solvedijAnd a corresponding vertical height hijRespectively as follows:
lij＝dij×sinα hij＝dij×cosα (2)
wherein α is the drilling angle, dijThe depth is looked at for the drill.
Preferably, in the step S6, the vertical height is H1And H2Angle of inclination of top plate between layers1Vertical height is H2And H3Angle of inclination of top plate between layers2Vertical height is H3Mean tendency to rupture angle theta of sub-horizon ceiling3The calculation formulas of (A) and (B) are respectively as follows:
wherein h isDj、hEj、hFjThe vertical height, l, corresponding to the peeping position of the bore D, E, FDj、lEj、lFjRespectively, the horizontal distance of the location of the sight of the bore D, E, F from the orifice.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the roof caving rule and the roof inclination breaking angle are organically combined with field observation, the roof inclination breaking angle of the shallow coal seam goaf is accurately and truly measured, and the conversion of the roof inclination breaking angle of the goaf from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis is realized;
(2) the evolution process of the inclined breaking angle of the mining top plate of the shallow coal seam is drawn through on-site continuous observation, and scientific basis is provided for the research of the caving rule of the mining top plate of the shallow coal seam.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an actual measurement method for a shallow coal seam roof inclination fracture angle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an auxiliary transportation crossheading drilling tendency arrangement of an actual measurement method of a shallow coal seam roof tendency fracture angle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of observing the evolution of the drill hole fracture position of the actual measurement method for the shallow coal seam roof inclination fracture angle provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of arrangement of auxiliary transportation along groove hole measurement trends in an actual measurement method for a shallow coal seam roof inclination fracture angle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a drill hole arrangement of an auxiliary transportation crossheading first measurement station of the method for actually measuring a shallow coal seam roof inclination fracture angle according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of arrangement of hole inclination of an auxiliary transport crossheading survey station i of the actual measurement method of the shallow coal seam roof inclination fracture angle provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is a drilling peeking result of a station I in the method for actually measuring the inclined fracture angle of the top plate of the shallow coal seam provided by the embodiment of the invention after the top plate of the goaf moves stably;
fig. 8 is an evolution diagram of a station I peering borehole fracture position of the actual measurement method for the shallow coal seam roof inclination fracture angle provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.
The invention relates to the field of monitoring of collapse damage of a top plate of a coal mine goaf, and discloses a method for actually measuring a tendency breaking angle after the top plate of the goaf collapses in the mining of a shallow coal seam, which is more convenient and direct to measure the tendency breaking angle of the top plate and finely develop the research work of the collapse law of the top plate of the mining of the shallow coal seam, a overlying strata damage mechanism and the like.
Referring to fig. 1-8, the invention provides a method for actually measuring a top plate fracture inclination angle of a shallow coal seam, which comprises the following steps:
according to the content of the invention, field actual measurement is carried out on the working surface of 22201 of the Shenmu, the loess hills and the coal mines of the Shaanxi coal group. The average burial depth of the working surface of the second coal seam 22201 in the two panels of the loess hills and coal mines is about 95m, the thickness of the coal seam is 7.3-9.6m, the inclination angle of the coal seam is 1-3 degrees, the coal seam belongs to a nearly horizontal coal seam, the mining height is 6.0m, the inclined length of the working surface is 252m, and the advancing distance is 1739 m. The thickness of the complete bedrock in the top plate covered on the working surface is about 16-20m, the thickness of the weathered bedrock is about 16-20m, the thickness of the loose layer is about 40-50m, and the 22201 working surface belongs to a typical shallow-buried thin bedrock large-mining-height working surface.
S1, designing an actual measurement scheme according to the theoretical calculation result, and determining observation positions, the number of measurement stations, drilling parameters and observation equipment; according to the observation purpose, the theoretical calculation result and the working face geological drilling comprehensive histogram are combined, and the parameters of the drilling, such as the inclination angle, the elevation angle, the hole depth, the height of the orifice distance crossheading top plate and the like, are determined.
The observation working face needs to adopt a three-lane arrangement mode, namely, the observation working face comprises an auxiliary transportation gateway, a transportation gateway and a return air gateway. And designing a construction advanced observation drill hole in the auxiliary transportation crossheading, wherein the drill hole can ensure continuous observation of overburden rock fracture in the working face extraction process, and the actual measurement of the evolution rule of the inclined fracture angle of the top plate in the whole fracture process from initial fracture to relatively stable fracture is realized.
According to the drilling design scheme provided by the invention, the drilling inclination angle is vertical to the trend of the working surface. The number of the measuring stations and the distance between the measuring stations can be designed according to actual needs. In order to ensure an observation result, at least 3 peeping drill holes are required to be arranged in one observation station, and the number of the peeping drill holes in the observation station is determined by observing roof inclination fracture angles with different properties and different positions according to requirements. The invention takes a survey station to arrange 3 peeping drill holes as an example to explain the arrangement mode, and the schematic diagram of auxiliary transportation crossheading drill hole tendency arrangement is shown in figure 2.
The method for determining the position of each survey station comprises the steps of determining the angle α of drilling construction according to the horizontal overhanging distance L from a drill hole to the coal body and the height H of an observation horizon;
determining the overhanging horizontal distance L from the drill hole to the coal body according to the length of the end overhanging top during the stoping of different working faces, wherein L is generally larger than the actual overhanging distance of the end of the working face in order to ensure the accuracy of the observation result, determining the vertical height H of the drill hole according to the layer position to be measured, and calculating the drill hole angle α according to the formula (1) after the overhanging horizontal distance L and the height H of the observation layer position are determined;
in the formula, a is the distance between the position of a drilling hole and the top plate of the auxiliary transportation crossheading; b is the width of the coal pillar of the section; and b is the width of the transportation gate.
Scheme design:
according to the arrangement mode of the 22201 working face, 3 measuring stations are arranged in the auxiliary conveying gateway of the working face, each measuring station is provided with 3 peepholes, 9 holes are arranged, the horizontal distance between the measuring stations is 30m, the measuring station I is located 28m away from the front of the cutting hole, the axial included angle between a drill hole and the auxiliary conveying gateway is 90 degrees, the drill hole is arranged in the direction of the drill hole, the overhanging horizontal distance L of the drill hole into the coal body is 20m, the width B of a section coal pillar is 15m, the width B of the conveying gateway is 6 m.F, the drill hole is constructed to the position 30m above the coal seam roof, the E drill hole is constructed to the position 20m above the coal seam roof, the D drill hole is constructed to the position 10m above the coal seam roof, the three-dimensional schematic view is shown in figure 5, the position of the drill hole of the D is 1m away from the auxiliary conveying gateway roof, the position of the drill hole of the E drill hole is 0.6m away from the auxiliary conveying gateway roof, the position of the drill hole of the F is 0.2m away from the auxiliary conveying gateway roof, the elevation.
S2, drilling construction is carried out according to the drilling parameters determined in the step S1; guarantee drilling construction angle as far as possible and satisfy design construction requirements, treat that every drilling is washd after the drilling construction is accomplished, keep the drilling pore wall clean, make things convenient for the drilling to peep the observation.
S3, in the process of mining the working face, continuously observing the drill holes in the step S2 by using a drill hole peeping instrument to obtain peeping result videos of the drill holes, acquiring positions of cracks, separation layers or collapse in the drill holes, and recording the depth d of the drill holes corresponding to each positionij(i is the number of the drill holes, such as A, B and C …; j is the observation frequency, 1,2,3 … n; unit/m, the same below) and continuously peeping and observing the drill holes until the movement of the top plate of the working face goaf is relatively stable, and then obtaining the final breaking position corresponding to each drill hole;
actual measurement of roof inclination fracture angle
And (4) adopting a mine drilling peeping instrument to carry out continuous observation on the drilled hole from the working face extraction. The positions of cracks and fractures in the drilled holes can be clearly observed through the peeping result, and the depth of the drilled holes is displayed at the lower right corner of the peeping video. Taking station I as an example, by successive peens of each hole, the movement of the roof of the goaf tends to stabilize after the working face has pushed 38m in front of station I, at which point the peens of D, E, F holes of station I are shown in fig. 7.
S4, combining drilling angle α in S1 and drilling depth d in S3ijWhen different peeping positions are solved, the horizontal distance l between the breaking position and the orificeijAnd a corresponding vertical height hij；
Namely:
lij＝dij×sinα hij＝dij×cosα (2)
wherein α is the drilling angle, dijThe depth is looked at for the drill.
And S5, calculating all points of each observed breaking position according to the S4, tracing the points in CAD or other drawing software, and drawing a roof breaking position evolution diagram of different layers, as shown in FIG. 3.
Peeping the drilling angle and peeping according to the design of fig. 6The depth of the drilled hole when the crack and the fracture appear in the result is calculated, and the horizontal distance l between the fracture position of the peephole and the hole opening is calculatedijAnd a corresponding vertical height hijAnd drawing an evolution diagram of the breaking position of the peeping drill hole, which is shown in figure 8. In the actual measurement result, the fourth peeking result corresponds to the final breaking result.
S6, according to the observed broken position of the drill hole after the top plate is relatively stable,
the vertical height H is obtained through the formula (3)1And H2Angle of inclination of top plate between layers1Vertical height is H2And H3Angle of inclination of top plate between layers2Vertical height is H3Mean tendency to rupture angle theta of sub-horizon ceiling3The calculation formulas of (A) and (B) are respectively as follows:
wherein h isDj、hEj、hFjThe vertical height, l, corresponding to the peeping position of the bore D, E, FDj、lEj、lFjRespectively, the horizontal distance of the location of the sight of the bore D, E, F from the orifice.
Calculating a tendency to break angle
According to the design of fig. 5, the peep hole drilling angle is calculated by the formula (2), wherein the vertical height h of the breaking position and the horizontal distance l from the hole opening when the peep hole is finally broken are calculated as follows:
d, peephole: h isD4＝17.48×sin(16°)＝4.8m lD4＝17.48×cos(16°)＝16.7m
E, peephole: h isE4＝20.43×sin(27°)＝9.3m lE4＝20.43×cos(27°)＝18.2m
F, peephole: h isF4＝27.00×sin(37°)＝16.3m lF4＝17.48×cos(37°)＝21.6m
From the calculated vertical height h of the breaking position and the horizontal distance l from the orifice, the top plate inclined breaking angle θ of each layer is calculated by the formula (3):
through the calculation, after the 22201 working face is pressed for the first time, the overburden tendency breaking angle below the 10m layer of the top plate is about 72 degrees, the overburden tendency breaking angle between the 10m layer and the 20m layer is about 64 degrees, and the average of the overburden tendency breaking angles is 67 degrees.
In conclusion, the roof caving rule and the roof inclination breaking angle are organically combined with field observation, the roof inclination breaking angle of the shallow coal seam goaf is accurately and truly measured, and the conversion of the roof inclination breaking angle of the goaf from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis is realized; the evolution process of the inclined breaking angle of the mining top plate of the shallow coal seam is drawn through on-site continuous observation, and scientific basis is provided for the research of the caving rule of the mining top plate of the shallow coal seam; the method not only can realize the actual measurement of the top plate inclined fracture angle of the shallow coal seam, but also can realize the field actual measurement of the top plate inclined fracture angles of all three-lane arrangement working faces.
The above disclosure is only one specific embodiment of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for actually measuring a top plate tendency fracture angle of a shallow coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, designing an actual measurement scheme according to the theoretical calculation result, and determining the position of the measurement station and drilling parameters;
the method for determining the position of each survey station comprises the steps of determining the angle α of borehole construction according to the horizontal overhanging distance L from a borehole to the inside of a coal body and the height H of an observation horizon;
s2, constructing according to the drilling parameters determined in the step S1 to obtain a drilled hole;
s3, in the process of mining the working face, continuously observing the drill hole in the step S2 by using a drill hole peeping instrument, acquiring the position of crack, separation layer or collapse in the drill hole, and recording the depth d of the drill hole corresponding to each positionijWherein i is the number of the drill holes, and j is the observation frequency, and the final breaking position corresponding to each drill hole is obtained until the roof of the working face goaf moves relatively stably;
s4, combining drilling angle α in S1 and drilling depth d in S3ijWhen different peeping positions are solved, the horizontal distance l between the breaking position and the orificeijAnd a corresponding vertical height hij；
S5, calculating all points of each observation breaking position according to the S4, tracing the points in drawing software, and drawing a roof breaking position evolution diagram of different layers;
s6, obtaining the vertical height H according to the breaking position of the drill hole observed after the top plate is relatively stable1And H2Angle of inclination of top plate between layers1Vertical height is H2And H3Angle of inclination of top plate between layers2Vertical height is H3Mean tendency to rupture angle theta of sub-horizon ceiling3。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, according to the observation purpose, the theoretical calculation result and the working face geological drilling comprehensive histogram are combined, and the drilling parameters are determined to include dip angle, elevation angle, hole depth and height of the hole opening from the top plate of the crossheading.
3. The method for actually measuring the inclined fracture angle of the top plate of the shallow coal seam as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the position of each measuring station is determined, the overhanging horizontal distance L from a drill hole to the coal body is determined to be larger than the actual overhanging distance of the end of the working face according to the length of the overhanging top of the end during the stoping of different working faces;
in the formula, a is the distance between the position of a drilling hole and the top plate of the auxiliary transportation crossheading; b is the width of the coal pillar of the section; and b is the width of the transportation gate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the horizontal distance l from the hole opening when different peeking positions are found is determinedijAnd a corresponding vertical height hijRespectively as follows:
lij＝dij×sinα hij＝dij×cosα (2)
wherein α is the drilling angle, dijThe depth is looked at for the drill.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S6, the sag height is H1And H2Angle of inclination of top plate between layers1Vertical height is H2And H3Angle of inclination of top plate between layers2Vertical height is H3Mean tendency to rupture angle theta of sub-horizon ceiling3The calculation formulas of (A) and (B) are respectively as follows:
wherein h isDj、hEj、hFjThe vertical height, l, corresponding to the peeping position of the bore D, E, FDj、lEj、lFjRespectively, the horizontal distance of the location of the sight of the bore D, E, F from the orifice.
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| CN113236365A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-10 | 晋能控股煤业集团同忻煤矿山西有限公司 | Super-thick coal seam top coal cross-drop angle on-site actual measurement method |
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