CN111394539B - DC control method and device for three-phase AC electric arc furnace - Google Patents
DC control method and device for three-phase AC electric arc furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN111394539B CN111394539B CN202010305464.9A CN202010305464A CN111394539B CN 111394539 B CN111394539 B CN 111394539B CN 202010305464 A CN202010305464 A CN 202010305464A CN 111394539 B CN111394539 B CN 111394539B
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5229—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in a direct current [DC] electric arc furnace
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct current control method and a direct current control device for a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, wherein the method comprises the following steps: selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode, a second electrode as a positive electrode and a third electrode from three electrodes of a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace; controlling the flexible power supply device to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode; and controlling three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to perform descending action until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact the smelt in the furnace, so that first direct current arc current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and second direct current arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode. The invention can avoid the problems of low electric energy transmission efficiency and easy arc breaking caused by too frequent zero crossing times of the alternating current, and improves the smelting efficiency of the alternating current electric arc furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of industrial smelting, in particular to a direct-current control method and a direct-current control device for a three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
As is well known, electric arc furnaces can be used for the smelting of metals such as scrap steel. As the name implies, an ac electric arc furnace refers to an electric arc furnace that is directly connected to an ac power grid and powered by the ac power grid. After the alternating current electric arc furnace gets electricity from the public power grid 1, the high voltage of the public power grid can be converted into low voltage (for example, 35KV/1.5KV) required by smelting through the series high impedance reactor, electric energy forms a loop through a short network (a water-cooling cable, accessories thereof and the like) and a three-phase electrode, and electric arc current is generated in the furnace and is used for smelting metal. In the smelting process, the stability of the electric arc current in the smelting process is controlled by adjusting the position of the electrode and stepping voltage regulation of the electric furnace transformer so as to improve the smelting efficiency. For a power grid, an alternating current electric arc furnace is a nonlinear load, and in the smelting process, the problems of reactive power impact, unbalanced three-phase voltage, harmonic pollution and the like are brought to the power grid, so that the voltage of the power grid fluctuates violently. Generally, the impact influence of the electric arc furnace on the voltage of a power grid is solved by configuring a set of reactive compensation equipment.
The working principle of the AC electric arc furnace is as follows: three electrodes of an alternating current electric arc furnace are lifted to the top position of the electric arc furnace, solid waste steel and a small amount of liquid molten steel are added into the electric arc furnace, and after the solid waste steel and the liquid molten steel are added into the electric arc furnace, no device is used for detecting the distribution and arrangement conditions inside the electric arc furnace, so that a heuristic method is adopted, the three electrodes of the alternating current electric arc furnace are electrified with alternating current, a hydraulic electrode regulating system controls the three electrodes to slowly descend until the three electrodes contact the solid waste steel and cannot descend continuously, and the current electrodes are considered to descend to the proper positions. Since the electrode has been energized, the electrode begins to discharge (i.e., strike) at the point where the electrode contacts the scrap.
At present, in the work of an alternating current electric arc furnace, on one hand, an alternating current generated by an alternating current power grid directly supplying power to three electrodes is used for smelting a smelted object in the furnace, because the zero crossing frequency of the alternating current is too frequent (100 zero crossings per second), and when the current crosses zero (namely, the alternating current changes to zero) every time, the input electric energy of the alternating current electric arc furnace is very little, the electric energy transmission efficiency of the alternating current electric arc furnace is very low, and after the current crosses zero, the arc always needs to be drawn again, the current is established from zero, and the arc breaking condition of the electric arc furnace is easy to occur.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a direct-current control method of a three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace, which is used for solving the technical problems that the electric energy transmission efficiency of the electric arc furnace is low and arc breakage is easy to occur due to the fact that the existing three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace adopts three-phase alternating-current voltage for power supply and the alternating-current zero-crossing frequency is too frequent, and comprises the following steps: selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode, a second electrode as a positive electrode and a third electrode from three electrodes of a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace; controlling the flexible power supply device to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode; and controlling three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to perform descending action until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact the smelt in the furnace, so that first direct current arc current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and second direct current arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a direct current control device of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, which is used for solving the technical problems that the electric energy transmission efficiency of the electric arc furnace is low and arc breakage is easy to occur due to the fact that the existing three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace adopts three-phase alternating current voltage for power supply and the alternating current zero crossing frequency is too frequent, and the device comprises: the electrode configuration module is used for selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode from three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, and selecting a second electrode and a third electrode as positive electrodes; the power supply control module is used for controlling the flexible power supply device to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode; and the electrode control module is used for controlling the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to execute descending action until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact the smelted objects in the furnace, so that first direct current arc current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and second direct current arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment for solving the technical problems that the electric energy transmission efficiency of the arc furnace is low and arc breakage is easy to occur due to the fact that the existing three-phase alternating current arc furnace adopts three-phase alternating voltage for power supply and the alternating current zero-crossing frequency is too frequent.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium which is used for solving the technical problems that the electric energy transmission efficiency of the electric arc furnace is low and arc breakage is easy to occur due to the fact that the existing three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace adopts three-phase alternating voltage for power supply and the alternating current zero-crossing frequency is too frequent.
In the embodiment of the invention, after a first electrode serving as a negative electrode, a second electrode serving as a positive electrode and a third electrode serving as a positive electrode are selected from three electrodes of a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, a flexible power supply device is controlled to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode, and then the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace are controlled to execute descending action until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact smelt in the furnace, so that a first direct current arc current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and a second direct current arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode.
According to the embodiment of the invention, one electrode of three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace is used as a negative electrode, the other two electrodes are used as positive electrodes, and the flexible power supply device supplies power to form two independent direct current voltages so as to obtain two direct current arc current paths.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a DC control method for a three-phase AC electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system for a three-phase AC electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flexible power supply device provided in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an alternative method for controlling a three-phase AC arc furnace to generate DC arc current in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic comparison of arc current before and after modification to an AC arc furnace provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dc control apparatus of a three-phase ac electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present specification, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are used in an open-ended fashion, i.e., to mean including, but not limited to. Reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "a particular embodiment," "some embodiments," "for example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The sequence of steps involved in the embodiments is for illustrative purposes to illustrate the implementation of the present application, and the sequence of steps is not limited and can be adjusted as needed.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a direct current control method for a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, and fig. 1 is a flowchart of the direct current control method for the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method may include the following steps:
s101, selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode, a second electrode as a positive electrode and a third electrode from three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace.
The three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace in the embodiment of the invention is an electric arc furnace powered by a three-phase alternating current power grid and used for smelting metal smelting objects such as scrap steel and the like; taking steel making as an example, the electric arc furnace body is a large steel making container, irregular steel scraps and liquid molten steel are placed in the electric arc furnace body, the quantity of the molten steel is also changed, and the steel scraps have no fixed size and size. The top of a three-phase ac arc furnace has three electrodes, typically cylindrical devices of high quality carbon, which can be raised or lowered under the control of a hydraulic electrode regulation system. In the initial state, three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace are positioned at the top position of the electric arc furnace, and two electrodes are controlled to perform descending action and slowly descend from the topmost position until smelt (such as scrap steel or molten steel) in the furnace is contacted, so that arc current is generated.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the three electrodes of the arc furnace are controlled by the hydraulic electrode adjustment system to perform a descending operation, and since any one electrode contacts the smelt (for example, scrap steel) in the furnace, the hydraulic device of the hydraulic electrode adjustment system generates a stable torque feedback, it can be determined whether the electrode contacts the smelt in the furnace. When one electrode of the three electrodes is detected to be contacted with the smelting object in the furnace, the hydraulic adjusting system of the electrode is controlled to keep the current position of the electrode unchanged, and then the other two electrodes are controlled to continuously descend until the three electrodes are contacted with the smelting object in the furnace to generate arc current, so that the smelting of the smelting object is carried out.
It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention, one electrode may be arbitrarily selected from three electrodes of a three-phase ac electric arc furnace as a negative electrode, and the electrode works at a negative voltage; the other two electrodes are used as positive electrodes and work at positive voltage; different losses of the electrodes may result due to different supply voltages. In order to ensure that the losses of the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace are relatively balanced, the three electrodes can be operated alternately, so that, in one embodiment, the electrode serving as the negative electrode and the electrode serving as the positive electrode can be selected by the following steps: counting the working time of three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace; according to the working time of the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, a first electrode serving as a negative electrode is selected from the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace and serves as a second electrode and a third electrode of a positive electrode. In this way, it is ensured that the service life of the three electrodes remains uniform.
And S102, controlling the flexible power supply device to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the flexible power supply device is disposed between the ac power grid and the three-phase ac arc, and is configured to convert an ac signal of the ac power grid into a dc signal required between the second electrode and the first electrode, or a dc signal between the third electrode and the first electrode.
It should be noted that, in the prior art, the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace uses the alternating current generated by the direct power supply of the alternating current grid to the three electrodes to smelt the smelt in the furnace, and the problem that the zero crossing frequency of the alternating current is too frequent (100 zero crossings per second) exists.
S103, controlling three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to perform descending action until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact the smelt in the furnace, so that first direct current arc current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and second direct current arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode.
Specifically, in the above S103, the three electrodes of the three-phase ac electric arc furnace may be controlled by the hydraulic electrode adjusting system to perform a descending operation, and whether the three electrodes of the three-phase ac electric arc furnace contact the furnace smelt is determined according to the hydraulic pressure fed back by the hydraulic electrode adjusting system until all the three electrodes of the three-phase ac electric arc furnace contact the furnace smelt.
As can be seen from the above, in the dc control method for a three-phase ac electric arc furnace provided in the embodiment of the present invention, one of three electrodes of the three-phase ac electric arc furnace is used as a negative electrode, the other two electrodes are used as a positive electrode, and power is supplied by a flexible power supply device to form two independent dc voltages, so that two dc arc current paths are obtained.
According to the direct-current control method of the three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace provided by the embodiment of the invention, one electrode of three electrodes of the three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace is used as a negative electrode, the other two electrodes are used as positive electrodes, and the flexible power supply device supplies power to form two independent direct-current voltages, so that two direct-current arc current paths are obtained.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system of a three-phase ac arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, a flexible power supply device 30 is disposed between an ac power grid 10 and a three-phase ac arc furnace 20 to supply power to the arc furnace.
Taking steel making as an example, as can be seen from fig. 2, the electric arc furnace body is a large steel making vessel, and random scrap steel 40-1 and liquid molten steel 40-2 are placed in the electric arc furnace body, and the molten steel is also variable, and the scrap steel has no fixed size and size. The three-phase ac electric arc furnace 20 has three electrodes (shown as 50-1, 50-2 and 50-3 in fig. 2) on the top thereof, which are cylindrical devices made of high quality carbon, and the hydraulic electrode adjustment system 60 controls the three electrodes to perform an ascending or descending motion. In the normal steel-making process, the flexible power supply device 30 can provide electric signals with adjustable frequency, voltage and current between any two electrodes of the electric arc furnace, so that direct current is generated between any two electrodes to melt scrap steel into molten steel. Optionally, the flexible power supply device 30 provided in the embodiment of the present invention may monitor the output voltage signal and the output current signal, and continuously adjust the output signal through the internal control system, so that the output voltage, the output current, and the output frequency are consistent with the set values.
In the embodiment of the invention, the flexible power supply device is adopted to supply power to the electric arc furnace, so that an invariable power grid alternating current signal can be converted into an alternating current signal with variable frequency, variable voltage and variable current, flexible power supply is provided for arc striking of the electric arc furnace, the aims of controllable arc striking and stable arc striking are fulfilled, no current impact exists, and the influence on the power grid is greatly reduced.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flexible power supply device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the flexible power supply device 30 for supplying power to an arc furnace in an embodiment of the present invention may include: 30-1 of an alternating current input reactor, 30-2 of a diode rectifying device, 30-3 of a direct current capacitor, 30-4 of a discharge resistor, 30-5 of a controllable inverter current device and 30-6 of an alternating current output reactor; the input end of an alternating current input reactor 30-1 is connected with an alternating current power grid 10, the output end of the alternating current input reactor 30-1 is connected with the input end of a diode rectifying device 30-2, the alternating current of the alternating current power grid 10 is converted into direct current by the diode rectifying device 30-2, a direct current capacitor 30-3 and a discharge resistor 30-4 are connected to two ends of the direct current in parallel, the direct current passing through the direct current capacitor 30-3 and the discharge resistor 30-4 is connected to the input end of a controllable inverter current device 30-5, the output end of the controllable inverter current device 30-5 is connected with the input end of an alternating current output reactor 30-6, and the output end of the alternating current output reactor 30-6 is connected with a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace 20; the controllable inverter current device 30-5 is used for controlling the voltage, the current or the frequency of the alternating current output by the alternating current output reactor 30-6.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the diode rectifying device 30-2 converts the ac power of the ac power grid 10 into dc power, and after passing through the dc capacitor 30-3 and the discharge resistor 30-4, the dc power is converted into ac power with controllable voltage, current and frequency by the controllable inverter current device 30-5; the direct current capacitor 30-3 can be used for storing direct current, residual voltage stored on the direct current capacitor 30-3 is released through the discharge resistor 30-4, smooth alternating current access is achieved through the alternating current input reactor 30-1, and smooth alternating current output to the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace 20 is achieved through the alternating current output reactor 30-6.
As shown in fig. 3, the ac input reactor 30-1 specifically includes: a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, and a third inductor L3; the input ends of the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2 and the third inductor L3 are respectively connected with a U line, a V line and a W line of three-phase alternating current of the alternating current grid 10; the ac output reactor 30-6 includes: a fourth inductor L4, a fifth inductor L5, and a sixth inductor L6; the output ends of the fourth inductor L4, the fifth inductor L5 and the sixth inductor L6 are respectively connected with three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace 20 through an R line, an S line and a T line of three-phase alternating current.
Three-phase input signals of the alternating current power grid 10 enter the diode rectifying device 30-2 through the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2 and the third inductor L, and three-phase alternating current signals output from the controllable inverter current device 30-5 are output to the three-phase alternating current arc furnace 20 through the fourth inductor L4, the fifth inductor L5 and the sixth inductor L6. Smooth current input can be realized by the AC input reactor 30-1, and smooth current output can be realized by the AC output reactor 30-6, and the impact current when the external load is short-circuited can be restrained. The purpose of flexible power supply can be achieved through the alternating current input reactor 30-1 and the alternating current output reactor 30-6.
As shown in fig. 3, the diode rectifier 32 may specifically include: a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4, a fifth diode D5 and a sixth diode D6, wherein the first diode D1 is connected in series with the fourth diode D4 in the forward direction, the second diode D2 is connected in series with the fifth diode D5 in the forward direction, and the third diode D3 is connected in series with the sixth diode D6 in the forward direction; anodes of the first diode D1, the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 are respectively connected with output ends of the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2 and the third inductor L3, and cathodes of the first diode D1, the second diode D2 and the third diode D3 form anodes of direct current; cathodes of the fourth diode D4, the fifth diode D5 and the sixth diode D6 are connected to output terminals of the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2 and the third inductor L3, respectively, and anodes of the fourth diode D4, the fifth diode D5 and the sixth diode D6 constitute a cathode of the diode rectifying device 32 outputting the direct current. The conversion of the ac signal into the dc signal is achieved by the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the third diode D3, the fourth diode D4, the fifth diode D5, and the sixth diode D6.
The power supply principle of the flexible power supply device 30 is to rectify the alternating current with fixed voltage frequency and fixed voltage amplitude of the alternating current power grid 10 into direct current, and then invert the direct current into controllable alternating current to be output to the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace 20. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the dc power rectified by the diode rectifying device 30-2 is stored by the dc capacitor 30-3.
Optionally, the dc capacitor 30-3 may further include: a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3 and a fourth capacitor C4, wherein a first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to an anode of the diode rectifying device 32 outputting the direct current, a second end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to a first end of the third capacitor C3, and a second end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to a cathode of the diode rectifying device 32 outputting the direct current; a first end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode rectifier 32 for outputting dc power, a second end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the first end of the fourth capacitor C4, and a second end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode rectifier 32 for outputting dc power. Means for storing dc charge via the first C1, second C2, third C3 and fourth C4 capacitors.
In order to release the residual voltage stored on the dc capacitor 30-3, the discharging purpose may be achieved by connecting a discharging resistor 30-4 in parallel across the dc capacitor 30-3, and optionally, the discharging resistor 34 may specifically include: the first end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the diode rectifying device 32 outputting direct current, the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the first end of the second resistor R2, and the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the cathode of the diode rectifying device 32 outputting direct current.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, the controllable inverter current device 30-5 formed by using a plurality of insulated gate bipolar transistors IGBTs may control the voltage, the current, or the frequency of the alternating current output by the alternating current output reactor 30-6 by controlling the conduction time and the conduction time of the plurality of IGBTs. As shown in fig. 3, the controllable inverter current device 30-5 may include: the first IGBT G1, the second IGBT G2, the third IGBT G3, the fourth IGBT G4, the fifth IGBT G5 and the sixth IGBT G6, wherein collectors of the first IGBT G1, the second IGBT G2 and the third IGBT G3 are respectively connected with a positive electrode of the diode rectifying device 32, which outputs direct current, emitters of the first IGBT G1, the second IGBT G2 and the third IGBT G3 are respectively connected with collectors of the fourth IGBT G4, the fifth IGBT G5 and the sixth IGBT G6, emitters of the fourth IGBT G4, the fifth IGBT G5 and the sixth IGBT G6 are respectively connected with a negative electrode of the diode rectifying device 32, a connection point of the first IGBT G1 and the fourth IGBT G4 is connected with an input end of a fourth inductor, a connection point of the second IGBT G2 and the fifth IGBT G5 is connected with an input end of the fifth IGBT G5, and a connection point of the third IGBT G3 and the sixth IGBT G6 is connected with an input end of the sixth inductor. By controlling the conduction time and the conduction time of the IGBT module, signals with different voltage frequencies, different voltage amplitudes and different current amplitudes are output.
The embodiment of the invention executes different operations on the flexible power supply device and the electrode at different working stages of the electric arc furnace. In each stage, three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace work simultaneously, one electrode is used as a negative electrode, the other two electrodes are used as positive electrodes to form 2 independent direct current voltages, 2 paths of direct current arc currents are generated after the electrodes contact with smelt in the furnace, and the smelt is smelted (for example, scrap steel is smelted), so that the electric energy transmission efficiency and the smelting efficiency of the electric arc furnace are greatly improved.
It should be noted that the working phase of the ac electric arc furnace includes: an arcing stage, a charging stage and a refining stage. At different stages, different operations need to be performed on the flexible power supply or the electrodes. The following is a detailed description:
in the arc starting stage, arc current conversion is violently in an uncontrolled stage, the flexible power supply device collects the current arc current generated by the electrode, and if the current arc current is larger than the maximum current of the device, the trigger pulse is blocked, and the output voltage of the device is reduced. Therefore, in the arc striking stage of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, the direct current control method of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include the following steps: collecting a first direct current arc current or a second direct current arc current; judging whether the first direct current arc current or the second direct current arc current is larger than the maximum output current of the flexible power supply device or not; and when the first direct current arc current or the second direct current arc current is larger than the maximum output current of the flexible power supply device, reducing the alternating current power supply voltage output by the flexible power supply device.
During the charging phase, the hydraulic regulation system is controlled so that the electrodes are all raised until in the top standby position. The electrode begins to cool gradually, and the power supply device is also in a blocking state and does not output voltage and current any more. Therefore, in the charging stage of the ac electric arc furnace, the control method of the ac electric arc furnace provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include the steps of: controlling the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode to perform a rising action until the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode reach a preset initial position; in this process, the flexible power supply device stops outputting the electrical signal.
In the refining stage, the scrap steel in the electric arc furnace is basically in a melting state, and the liquid level of the molten steel is relatively stable. The hydraulic adjusting system is controlled to enable the two electrodes to descend simultaneously, and the two electrodes can basically contact the liquid level of molten steel simultaneously and start to work simultaneously. Therefore, in the refining stage of the ac electric arc furnace, the control method of the ac electric arc furnace provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include the steps of: controlling the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode to perform descending action until the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode contact smelting substances in the furnace; in the process, the flexible power supply device outputs a stable direct current voltage signal, so that a first direct current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and a second direct current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode. By controlling the flexible power supply device to output stable direct current voltage, the three electrodes can generate 2 paths of stable direct current arc current to continuously melt the scrap steel and heat the temperature of the molten steel, thereby achieving the purpose of smelting.
Optionally, in the implementation process of the embodiment of the invention, the flexible power supply device can be controlled to output different voltages and currents according to different requirements of process parameters, so that the smelting efficiency of the electric arc furnace is further improved.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of an alternative method for controlling a three-phase ac arc furnace to generate a dc arc current according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, including the following steps:
s401, selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode, a second electrode as a positive electrode and a third electrode from three electrodes of a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace;
s402a, controlling the flexible power supply device to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode;
s402b, controlling the flexible power supply device to output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode;
s403a, controlling the second electrode and the first electrode of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to perform descending action;
s403b, controlling the third electrode and the first electrode of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to perform descending action;
s404a, judging whether the second electrode and the first electrode contact with the smelter in the furnace; if so, then S405a is performed; if not, go to S403 a;
s404b, judging whether the third electrode and the first electrode contact with the smelter in the furnace; if so, then S405b is performed; if not, go to S403 b;
s405a, generating a first direct current arc current between the second electrode and the first electrode;
s405b, a second dc arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode.
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking the flexible power feeding device shown in fig. 3 as an example.
Assuming that the R output end of the flexible power supply device is connected with the second electrode of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, the S output end of the flexible power supply device is connected with the third electrode of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, and the T output end of the flexible power supply device is connected with the first electrode of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, the flexible power supply device is controlled to output a stable direct current voltage between the two ends of R, T, and output a stable direct current voltage between the two ends of S, T. When the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode are not lowered to be in contact with the smelt (for example, scrap steel) in the furnace, arc discharge and arc current are not generated.
In the process of controlling the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to work, the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace are controlled to slowly descend from the highest top position (namely a preset initial position) of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace. The flexible power supply device outputs a stable direct current voltage (namely, a first direct current voltage) between the ends of R, T, and outputs a stable direct current voltage (namely, a second direct current voltage) between the ends of S, T. If the first electrode is firstly contacted with the scrap steel, when the first electrode continuously descends, the scrap steel can prevent the first electrode from continuously descending, the hydraulic electrode regulator can generate moment feedback, and the corresponding pressure of the hydraulic cylinder continuously rises, so that the first electrode is contacted with the scrap steel, and the descending is stopped.
If the second electrode does not contact the steel scraps, the second electrode can continuously descend, when the hydraulic electrode regulating system controls the second electrode to continuously descend and contact the steel scraps, arc discharge is generated, the released energy melts the steel scraps, and the arc current generated between the second electrode and the first electrode is direct current because the flexible power supply device outputs stable direct current voltage between the two ends of R, T.
If the third electrode does not contact the steel scraps, the third electrode can continuously descend, when the hydraulic electrode regulating system controls the third electrode to continuously descend and contact the steel scraps, arc discharge is generated, the released energy melts the steel scraps, and the arc current generated between the third electrode and the first electrode is direct current because the flexible power supply device outputs stable direct current voltage between the two ends of S, T.
It can be seen that for the three-phase power R, S, T corresponding to the three electrodes, the R phase and the T phase generate a positive voltage, and the second electrode connected to R and the first electrode connected to T generate a direct current arc current; the S phase and the T phase also generate a positive voltage, and the third electrode connected with the S phase and the first electrode connected with the T phase also generate direct current arc current. For a set of alternating current electric arc furnace, the flexible power supply device establishes two independent direct current arc current paths, and other control methods and strategies can completely adopt the method and strategy of the direct current electric arc furnace.
The direct-current control method of the three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace provided by the embodiment of the invention enables the three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace to realize the same working current and working characteristics as those of a direct-current electric arc furnace.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of arc currents before and after improvement of a three-phase ac electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the current of the ac electric arc furnace before the improvement is ac current, which has 100 zero crossings per second, and around the zero crossing point, the amplitude of the arc current is small, and accordingly, the transmitted electric energy is also small; the arc current generated by the improved three-phase alternating current arc furnace is direct current and always keeps a value, and the transmitted electric energy also keeps stable. Therefore, in a fixed time period, the current of the alternating current electric arc furnace after the improvement is always larger than that of the alternating current electric arc furnace before the improvement, the transmitted energy is also larger, and higher smelting efficiency can be obtained. In the embodiment of the invention, two paths of direct current arc currents are generated by three electrodes, and can be independently controlled and adjusted, so that the method is convenient and quick, and the electric energy transmission efficiency and the electric arc smelting efficiency are greatly improved.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a direct current control device of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, which is described in the following embodiment. Because the principle of solving the problems of the embodiment of the device is similar to the direct current control method of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, the implementation of the embodiment of the device can refer to the implementation of the method, and repeated parts are not repeated.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dc control apparatus for a three-phase ac electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the apparatus includes: an electrode configuration module 61, a power supply control module 62 and an electrode control module 63.
The electrode configuration module 61 is used for selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode, a second electrode as a positive electrode and a third electrode from three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace; the power supply control module 62 is used for controlling the flexible power supply device to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode; and the electrode control module 63 is used for controlling the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to perform descending action until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact the smelted objects in the furnace, so that a first direct current arc current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and a second direct current arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode.
As can be seen from the above, in the dc control apparatus for a three-phase ac electric arc furnace provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the electrode configuration module 61 selects the first electrode as the negative electrode, and the second electrode and the third electrode as the positive electrodes from the three electrodes of the three-phase ac electric arc furnace; the flexible power supply device is controlled by the power supply control module 62 to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode; the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace are controlled to perform descending action through the electrode control module 63 until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact with the smelting objects in the furnace, so that first direct current arc current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and second direct current arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode.
According to the direct-current control device of the three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace, one electrode of three electrodes of the three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace is used as a negative electrode, the other two electrodes are used as positive electrodes, and the flexible power supply device supplies power to form two independent direct-current voltages, so that two direct-current arc current paths are obtained.
In one embodiment, the electrode control module 63 is further configured to control the three electrodes of the three-phase ac electric arc furnace to perform a descending operation through the hydraulic electrode regulating system, and determine whether the three electrodes of the three-phase ac electric arc furnace contact the furnace smelt or not according to the hydraulic pressure fed back by the hydraulic electrode regulating system until all the three electrodes of the three-phase ac electric arc furnace contact the furnace smelt.
In one embodiment, the power control module 62 is further configured to: collecting a first direct current arc current or a second direct current arc current; judging whether the first direct current arc current or the second direct current arc current is larger than the maximum output current of the flexible power supply device or not; and when the first direct current arc current or the second direct current arc current is larger than the maximum output current of the flexible power supply device, reducing the alternating current power supply voltage output by the flexible power supply device.
In one embodiment, the electrode configuration module 61 is further configured to: counting the working time of three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace; according to the working time of the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, a first electrode serving as a negative electrode is selected from the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace and serves as a second electrode and a third electrode of a positive electrode.
Based on the same conception, the embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment for solving the technical problems that the existing three-phase alternating current arc furnace adopts three-phase alternating voltage for power supply, and the arc-breaking is easy to occur due to the fact that the alternating current zero-crossing frequency is too frequent.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, which is used for solving the technical problems that the electric energy transmission efficiency of the arc furnace is low and arc breakage is easy to occur due to the fact that the existing three-phase alternating current arc furnace adopts three-phase alternating voltage for power supply and the alternating current zero-crossing frequency is too frequent.
In summary, embodiments of the present invention provide a dc control method, apparatus, computer device and computer readable storage medium for a three-phase ac electric arc furnace, in each stage (arc starting stage, charging stage and refining stage) of the electric arc furnace, two electrodes are operated at a positive voltage, and one electrode is operated at a negative voltage; the three working electrodes generate two voltages, two independent direct current voltages are output through the flexible power supply device, two paths of direct current arc currents are generated, the two paths of direct current arc currents can be independently controlled and adjusted, convenience and rapidness are achieved, and the electric energy transmission efficiency and the electric arc smelting efficiency are greatly improved.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A direct current control method of a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode, a second electrode as a positive electrode and a third electrode from three electrodes of a three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace;
controlling a flexible power supply device to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode;
the working phase of the AC arc furnace comprises: the method comprises an arc striking stage, a charging stage and a refining stage, wherein in the arc striking stage, the direct-current control method of the three-phase alternating-current electric arc furnace further comprises the following steps: collecting a first direct current arc current or a second direct current arc current; judging whether the first direct current arc current or the second direct current arc current is larger than the maximum output current of the flexible power supply device or not; when the first direct current arc current or the second direct current arc current is larger than the maximum output current of the flexible power supply device, reducing the alternating current power supply voltage output by the flexible power supply device; in the refining stage, the control method of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace further comprises the following steps: controlling three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to perform descending actions until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact smelting objects in the furnace, so that a first direct current arc current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and a second direct current arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode, wherein the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace are controlled to perform descending actions until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact smelting objects in the furnace, and the method comprises the following steps: controlling three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to execute descending action through a hydraulic electrode adjusting system, and judging whether the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact the smelter in the furnace or not according to the hydraulic pressure fed back by the hydraulic electrode adjusting system until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact the smelter in the furnace; the flexible power supply device is arranged between an alternating current power grid and a three-phase alternating current electric arc and used for supplying power to the electric arc furnace and converting an alternating current signal of the alternating current power grid into a direct current signal required between the second electrode and the first electrode or a direct current signal between the third electrode and the first electrode.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the first electrode as a negative electrode, the second electrode as a positive electrode, and the third electrode from three electrodes of a three-phase ac electric arc furnace comprises:
counting the working time of three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace;
and selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode from the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace as a second electrode and a third electrode of a positive electrode according to the working time of the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace.
3. A DC control device for a three-phase AC electric arc furnace, comprising:
the electrode configuration module is used for selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode from three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace, and selecting a second electrode and a third electrode as positive electrodes;
the power supply control module is used for controlling the flexible power supply device to output a first direct current power supply voltage between the second electrode and the first electrode and output a second direct current power supply voltage between the third electrode and the first electrode;
electrode control module for an AC electric arc furnace, the working phase of which comprises: the method comprises an arcing stage, a charging stage and a refining stage, wherein a first direct current arc current or a second direct current arc current is collected in the arcing stage; judging whether the first direct current arc current or the second direct current arc current is larger than the maximum output current of the flexible power supply device or not; when the first direct current arc current or the second direct current arc current is larger than the maximum output current of the flexible power supply device, reducing the alternating current power supply voltage output by the flexible power supply device; in a refining stage, controlling three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace to perform descending action until the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace contact smelted objects in the furnace, so that first direct current arc current is generated between the second electrode and the first electrode, and second direct current arc current is generated between the third electrode and the first electrode; the flexible power supply device is arranged between an alternating current power grid and a three-phase alternating current electric arc and used for supplying power to the electric arc furnace and converting an alternating current signal of the alternating current power grid into a direct current signal required between the second electrode and the first electrode or a direct current signal between the third electrode and the first electrode.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the electrode configuration module is further to: counting the working time of three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace; and selecting a first electrode as a negative electrode from the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace as a second electrode and a third electrode of a positive electrode according to the working time of the three electrodes of the three-phase alternating current electric arc furnace.
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| CN1011819B (en) * | 1988-06-23 | 1991-02-27 | 陶哲 | Three-electrode ad/dc smelting furnace |
| CN2156967Y (en) * | 1993-04-14 | 1994-02-23 | 冶金工业部鞍山热能研究院 | DC Arc ladle refining furnace |
| FR2704710B1 (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1995-06-23 | Cegelec Metals Systems | Improved power converter device for supplying direct current to an electric arc furnace. |
| DE19920049C2 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2001-10-11 | Sms Demag Ag | Method and device for the power supply of a melting unit operated via an arc |
| CN2872785Y (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-02-21 | 张军强 | Controller of are furnace with AC-DC conversion |
| CN103840685B (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2016-06-22 | 西安秦东冶金设备制造有限责任公司 | The direct current electric arc furnace supply unit of the controlled polarity of three-phase |
| CN109672172B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2021-06-15 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | Method for supplying power to a power supply device of an arc furnace |
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