CN111393641A - Surfactant capable of simultaneously stripping and vinylating two-dimensional lamellar material, preparation and application - Google Patents

Surfactant capable of simultaneously stripping and vinylating two-dimensional lamellar material, preparation and application Download PDF

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CN111393641A
CN111393641A CN202010216270.1A CN202010216270A CN111393641A CN 111393641 A CN111393641 A CN 111393641A CN 202010216270 A CN202010216270 A CN 202010216270A CN 111393641 A CN111393641 A CN 111393641A
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molybdenum disulfide
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郑静
王�义
曹振兴
马长书
黄光速
吴锦荣
邱翠波
杜安吉
吴睿
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Abstract

The invention provides a surfactant for simultaneously stripping and vinylating a two-dimensional lamellar material, a preparation method and application thereof, and application of the simultaneously stripping and vinylating the two-dimensional lamellar material. The surfactant is prepared by reacting polyethyleneimine with allyl glycidyl ether, the tail end of the surfactant is provided with vinyl, an ether chain has hydrophobicity, and an aqueous solution is positively charged. Under the ultrasonic condition, the peeling and functionalization of the two-dimensional sheet material are realized through electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction, and the two-dimensional sheet material with a large amount of vinyl on the surface and physical adsorption inside is formed. The vinylated two-dimensional lamellar material can be used as a cross-linking agent for synthesizing polymers, forms an interface with coexistence of chemical cross-linking and physical cross-linking, and is expected to prepare a functional two-dimensional nanosheet composite material with high mechanical property.

Description

Surfactant capable of simultaneously stripping and vinylating two-dimensional lamellar material, preparation and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of two-dimensional sheet material modification, in particular to a polymer surfactant for simultaneously stripping and vinylating a two-dimensional sheet material, preparation and application thereof, and application of the surfactant modified two-dimensional sheet material.
Background
The molybdenum disulfide nanosheet, the boron nitride nanosheet, the graphene nanosheet and the like with the two-dimensional lamellar structure have excellent mechanical properties, photothermal effect, heat conducting property, electric conductivity and the like, and are ideal fillers for preparing high-mechanical-property functional nano composite materials at present. The mainstream methods for stripping the two-dimensional lamellar material at present comprise an intercalation method, a mechanical ball milling method, a liquid phase ultrasonic method and an electrochemical method. The sheet material obtained by the liquid-phase ultrasonic stripping method has uniform size, is easy to realize surface functionalization, and is suitable for stripping the two-dimensional sheet material of the reinforced polymer. For example, researchers use homemade polymer ionic liquid as a surfactant to assist in efficient stripping of selenium disulfide in an aqueous medium and simultaneously achieve non-covalent modification of the selenium disulfide surface, but the preparation process of the polymer ionic liquid in the foregoing method is complicated and tedious, and is difficult to produce on a large scale. For another example, researchers have directly adopted a commercial product Pluronic as a surfactant to achieve exfoliation and functionalization of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets. The interface in the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet composite obtained by the above method is formed by physical entanglement. Most of the two-dimensional lamellar nanosheet composite interfacial effects are also formed by physical effects, such as electrostatic effects, hydrogen bonding effects, physical adsorption effects and the like. The interface interaction formed by physical action is weak, energy loss is caused at the interface, and the further improvement of the performance of the two-dimensional lamella nanosheet composite material is limited. At present, most of the existing researches concern the peeling effect of the two-dimensional sheet material and the dispersion degree of the two-dimensional sheet material in the matrix, and the research on the interface design between the two-dimensional sheet material and the matrix is less.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art in peeling two-dimensional sheet materials, the first object of the present invention is to provide a surfactant capable of simultaneously peeling and vinylating two-dimensional sheet materials; a second object is to provide a process for preparing the surfactant; the third purpose is to provide an application method of the surfactant; a fourth object is to provide a method of application of the two-dimensional sheet material that is simultaneously peeled and vinylated.
Aiming at the first object of the invention, the surfactant capable of simultaneously peeling and vinylating a two-dimensional lamellar material provided by the invention is prepared by reacting Allyl Glycidyl Ether (AGE) with Polyethyleneimine (PEI), is a vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant (PEI-AGE) which is a hyperbranched structure, has vinyl at the tail end, has hydrophobicity on an ether chain and is positively charged in an aqueous solution, and has the following molecular structure:
Figure BDA0002424207090000021
in the technical scheme of the surfactant, the polyethyleneimine with the number-average molecular weight Mn of 10000, 60000 or 70000 is preferably selected; further preferred is polyethyleneimine having a number average molecular weight Mn of 70000.
Aiming at the second object of the invention, the method for preparing the surfactant capable of simultaneously peeling and vinylating the two-dimensional lamellar material comprises the steps of reacting Polyethyleneimine (PEI) with Allyl Glycidyl Ether (AGE) for 4-10 hours at 40-80 ℃ by taking water as a medium to prepare the vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant, wherein the molar charge ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the allyl glycidyl ether is 1 (0.5-2), preferably 1; 1.
the reaction process of Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and Allyl Glycidyl Ether (AGE) is shown as follows;
Figure BDA0002424207090000022
aiming at the third purpose of the invention, the method for simultaneously stripping and vinylating the two-dimensional lamellar material by utilizing the surfactant provided by the invention is characterized in that the two-dimensional lamellar material is added into a vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant aqueous solution to implement ultrasonic waves, and the two-dimensional lamellar material is efficiently stripped and vinyl-functionalized through electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction, so that the modified two-dimensional nanosheet with a large amount of vinyl on the surface and a physical adsorption effect inside is obtained.
In the method for simultaneously stripping and vinylating the two-dimensional sheet material, the mass ratio of the two-dimensional sheet material to the vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant can be controlled to be 3-5 generally; the power of the ultrasonic wave can be controlled to be 200-300W, and the time of the ultrasonic wave is generally 8-16 h.
In the method for simultaneously stripping and vinylating the two-dimensional sheet material, the two-dimensional sheet material is preferably one of molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride and graphene; molybdenum disulfide is further preferred.
In view of the fourth object of the present invention, the modified two-dimensional nanoplatelets provided by the present invention that are simultaneously exfoliated and vinylated can be used as a cross-linking agent for the synthetic polymer; crosslinking agents particularly suitable for the polymerization of vinyl monomers; the vinyl monomer comprises any one or the combination of more than two of acrylamide, acrylic acid and N-isopropyl acrylamide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding advantages and technical effects:
1. the preparation method of the surfactant provided by the invention is simple and can be used for large-scale production;
2. the surfactant is used for stripping and modifying a two-dimensional lamellar material, and under the ultrasonic condition, high-efficiency stripping and functionalization are realized through electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction, so that a two-dimensional nanosheet with a large number of vinyl groups on the surface and a physical adsorption effect in the interior is formed. The vinyl two-dimensional nano sheet can be used as a cross-linking agent of a polymer synthesized by vinyl monomers, the vinyl on the surface of the vinyl two-dimensional nano sheet reacts with the vinyl monomers to form chemical cross-linking interface interaction, and the physical cross-linking interface interaction is formed through physical adsorption existing in the vinyl two-dimensional nano sheet. Because the composite material interface has strong interface interaction and weak physical adsorption, the composite material is beneficial to load transfer and energy transfer, and is expected to prepare a functional two-dimensional nano-sheet composite material with high mechanical property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a depiction of vinyl functionalized polymeric surfactant of example G of the present invention1H nuclear magnetic spectrum.
FIG. 2a is an SEM image of stripped molybdenum disulfide from example 8; figure 2b is an AFM image of the stripped molybdenum disulfide from example 8.
Figure 3a is an infrared spectrum of molybdenum disulfide powder and stripped molybdenum disulfide from example 8; figure 3b is a thermogravimetric plot of molybdenum disulfide powder and stripped molybdenum disulfide from example 8.
Figure 4 is a photograph of the water contact angle of molybdenum disulfide powder and stripped molybdenum disulfide from example 8.
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the dispersion of the molybdenum disulfide exfoliated in example 8 in an aqueous solution.
Detailed Description
As mentioned above, the method for peeling and functionalizing the two-dimensional layered material needs to be improved continuously to meet the requirement of preparing a functional two-dimensional nanosheet composite material with high mechanical properties. The inventor of the present invention has made extensive research and practice to provide a vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant and a technical solution for simultaneously peeling and functionalizing a two-dimensional sheet material. The preparation and technical scheme of the surfactant will be explained in detail as follows.
The surfactant is prepared by reacting polyethyleneimine and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 1: 0.5-2 at 40-80 ℃ for 4-10 h. Wherein the number average molecular weight Mn of the polyethyleneimine is 70000, and the structure is a hyperbranched structure.
The surfactant is prepared by reacting amino of polyethyleneimine with epoxy of allyl glycidyl ether, is in a hyperbranched structure, and has a hydrophobic allyl ether chain at the tail end. This portion of the hydrophobic segment does not affect the readily water-soluble nature of the surfactant molecule.
The water solution of the compound is electropositive due to the existence of primary amine, secondary amine and tertiary amine groups in the molecule and the ammonium ions can be formed with water.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the peaks at 2 to 3ppm are ascribed to the proton peak of methylene, the nuclear magnetic peaks at 2.4 to 2.9ppm are ascribed to the proton peak of methylene, and the nuclear magnetic peaks at 5.8 to 5.9ppm are ascribed to the proton peak b of allyl, indicating the presence of vinyl in the surfactant molecule. The average substitution degree of the amino group in the surfactant was 0.68, which means that 0.68 mol of vinyl group was contained per 1 mol of the surfactant molecule, as calculated from the proton peak area.
The surfactant is applied to assisting efficient stripping and functional modification of a two-dimensional sheet material under the action of ultrasound, and the ultrasound conditions are as follows: ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 8-16 h under 200-300W of power. The two-dimensional lamellar material is molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride or graphene, and molybdenum disulfide is preferred. The mechanism is that the inorganic two-dimensional sheet material is hydrophobic and is electronegative in water, and under the ultrasonic condition, stripping and functionalization are successfully realized through the electrostatic interaction and the hydrophobic interaction between the surfactant and the two-dimensional sheet material, so that the two-dimensional sheet material with a large amount of vinyl on the surface and the physical adsorption inside is formed.
As can be seen from the figures 2a and 2b, the transverse size of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet obtained by stripping is 100-200 nm, and the thickness is 2-6 nm, which shows that the molybdenum disulfide is successfully stripped into nanosheets with uniform sizes under the assistance of the surfactant through the ultrasonic effect.
As can be seen from fig. 3a and 3b, the vinyl functionalized polymer surfactant is indeed present on the surface of the molybdenum disulfide nanosheet, indicating that under ultrasonic conditions, the surfactant molecules are successfully adsorbed on the nanosheet surface through electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction.
As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the vinylated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets have significantly increased hydrophilicity and are capable of forming a stable dispersion in an aqueous solution.
The prepared vinylation two-dimensional lamellar material can be used as a cross-linking agent of a synthetic polymer. The synthetic polymer is obtained by free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers and can react with vinyl in the vinyl two-dimensional lamellar material in the polymerization reaction process, so that a chemical cross-linking interface effect is formed, and meanwhile, a physical adsorption effect exists in the vinyl two-dimensional lamellar material, so that a physical cross-linking interface interaction is formed, an interface with coexistence of chemical cross-linking and physical cross-linking is formed, and the preparation of the functional two-dimensional nanosheet composite material with high mechanical properties is facilitated.
The vinyl monomer comprises any one or the combination of more than two of acrylamide, acrylic acid and N-isopropyl acrylamide.
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the examples are only for the purpose of further illustration, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that those skilled in the art can make insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above disclosure.
The inventors carried out the following relevant performance tests on the surfactant prepared in the following examples and the vinylated molybdenum disulfide nanosheet according to the following methods:
1. nuclear magnetic spectrum test
The surfactant sample is dissolved in deuterated chloroform, and the sample is tested by an advanced III HD 400MHz type nuclear magnetic instrument1And H, spectrum.
SEM test
The morphology of the prepared vinylation molybdenum disulfide nanosheet is observed through a Nova NanoSEM 450 type field emission scanning electron microscope.
3. Infrared spectrum test
And testing the infrared spectrums of the molybdenum disulfide powder and the vinyl molybdenum disulfide nanosheet by adopting a Nicolet 6700 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
4. Thermogravimetric testing
And (3) using a Q500 thermogravimetric analyzer to represent the thermal stability of the molybdenum disulfide powder and the vinylation molybdenum disulfide nanosheet in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the test temperature range is 100-800 ℃.
5. Water contact Angle test
The water contact angles of molybdenum disulfide powder and vinylated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets were measured using a DSA 100 type contact angle apparatus.
In the following examples, the parts and percentages of the components are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Preparation of the surfactant:
example A
Dissolving polyethyleneimine and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 1:0.5 in water, and reacting at 40 ℃ for 4h to prepare the vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant A.
Example B
Dissolving polyethyleneimine and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 1:1 in water, and reacting at 40 ℃ for 4h to prepare the vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant B.
Example C
Dissolving polyethyleneimine and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 1:2 in water, and reacting at 40 ℃ for 4h to prepare the vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant C.
Example D
Dissolving polyethyleneimine and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 1:1 in water, and reacting at 60 ℃ for 4h to prepare the vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant D.
Example E
Dissolving polyethyleneimine and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 1:1 in water, and reacting at 80 ℃ for 4h to prepare the vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant E.
Example F
Dissolving polyethyleneimine and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 1:1 in water, and reacting at 60 ℃ for 7h to prepare the vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant F.
Example G
Dissolving polyethyleneimine and allyl glycidyl ether in a molar ratio of 1:1 in water, and reacting at 60 ℃ for 10h to prepare the vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G.
Preparing a vinylation two-dimensional nano sheet:
example 1
Dissolving 3 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.2 part of molybdenum disulfide powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at the power of 200W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 2
Dissolving 3 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.2 part of molybdenum disulfide powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 3
Dissolving 3 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.4 part of molybdenum disulfide powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 4
Dissolving 3 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.6 part of molybdenum disulfide powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 5
Dissolving 3 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.4 part of molybdenum disulfide powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 12 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 6
Dissolving 3 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.4 part of molybdenum disulfide powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 16 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 7
Dissolving 3 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.4 part of molybdenum disulfide powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 8
Dissolving 4 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.4 part of molybdenum disulfide powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 9
Dissolving 5 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.4 part of molybdenum disulfide powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 10
Dissolving 4 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.4 part of boron nitride powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.
Example 11
Dissolving 4 parts of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant G in water, adding 0.4 part of graphite powder, uniformly mixing to form a dispersion, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 8 hours at the power of 300W to obtain the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheet.

Claims (9)

1. The surfactant for simultaneously stripping and vinylating a two-dimensional lamellar material is prepared by reacting polyethyleneimine with allyl glycidyl ether, is a vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant with a hyperbranched structure, a vinyl group at the tail end, an ether chain with hydrophobicity and an aqueous solution with positive charge, and has the following molecular structure:
Figure FDA0002424207080000011
2. the preparation method of the surfactant for simultaneously stripping and vinylating a two-dimensional lamellar material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the surfactant is prepared by reacting polyethyleneimine with allyl glycidyl ether at 40-80 ℃ for 4-10 h by taking water as a medium, and the molar charge ratio of the polyethyleneimine to the allyl glycidyl ether is 1 (0.5-2).
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the molar charge ratio of the ethylenimine to the allyl glycidyl ether is 1: 1.
4. The method for applying vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional sheet material is added to an aqueous solution of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant and subjected to ultrasonic waves, and the electrostatic interaction and the hydrophobic interaction of the aqueous solution of vinyl-functionalized polymer surfactant are utilized to simultaneously exfoliate and vinylate the two-dimensional sheet material, thereby forming the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanosheets having a large number of vinyl groups on the surface and physical adsorption in the interior.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the mass ratio of the two-dimensional sheet material to the vinyl-functionalized polymeric surfactant is 3 to 5.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the power of the ultrasonic wave is 200-300W and the ultrasonic wave time is 8-16 h.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the two-dimensional lamellar material is molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride, or graphene.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the two-dimensional lamellar material is molybdenum disulfide.
9. Use of vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanoplatelets obtainable by the method of use of a vinyl-functionalized polymeric surfactant according to any of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the vinyl-functionalized two-dimensional nanoplatelets are used as cross-linking agent for polymer synthesis.
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CN104591181A (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-05-06 山东大学 Method for preparing two-dimensional composite material by utilizing nanosheet layer peeling
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