CN111393484A - Preparation of novel ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex - Google Patents

Preparation of novel ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex Download PDF

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CN111393484A
CN111393484A CN202010390569.9A CN202010390569A CN111393484A CN 111393484 A CN111393484 A CN 111393484A CN 202010390569 A CN202010390569 A CN 202010390569A CN 111393484 A CN111393484 A CN 111393484A
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ferrocene
chiral
carbene complex
reaction
skeleton
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段莉莉
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Nankai University
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Nankai University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F17/00Metallocenes
    • C07F17/02Metallocenes of metals of Groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic System
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22Organic complexes
    • B01J31/2282Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
    • B01J31/2295Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/80Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
    • B01J2531/84Metals of the iron group
    • B01J2531/842Iron

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)

Abstract

A novel preparation of a ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex belongs to the field of chemical medicine preparation. The development of coordination chemistry and metal organic chemistry is greatly promoted by azacarbene (N-heterocyclic carbene) and ferrocene due to their own electronic structure and spatial structure. Ferrocene itself has no planar chirality, but when two different substituents are attached to the same cyclopentadiene, ferrocene has planar chirality, so that ferrocene is an excellent framework into which planar chirality can be introduced. At present, the rigidity of the surface chiral carbene complex based on the ferrocene skeleton is not strong, so that the asymmetric catalytic reaction effect is poor. The invention uses phthalamide as raw material, firstly reacts with iodine/bromide of ferrocene with surface chirality in organic solvent in the presence of alkali and catalytic amount of copper salt, and then obtains target product through series reaction and the like. The target product can be used as a chiral ligand, a chiral auxiliary agent or a chiral catalyst for various asymmetric catalytic reactions.

Description

Preparation of novel ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex
Technical Field
The invention discloses a novel preparation method of a ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex, belonging to the field of chemical medicine preparation.
Background
N-heterocyclic carbane (NHC) is a highly efficient organic/organometallic catalyst that has been increasingly used in organic chemistry and gradually replaced the role of the corresponding phosphorus ligand, mainly because: 1) the acting force of the M (metal) -C bond is stronger than that of the M-P bond, and the thermal stability is better; 2) the NHC ligand can regulate and control the electronic effect and the space structure of the whole ligand by changing the size of a substituent group connected to a nitrogen atom, so that the effect of regulating and controlling the structure-activity relationship can be achieved. Ferrocene greatly promotes the development of coordination chemistry and metal organic chemistry due to its own electronic structure and spatial structure. Ferrocene itself has no planar chirality, but when two different substituents are attached to the same cyclopentadiene, ferrocene has planar chirality, so that ferrocene is an excellent framework into which planar chirality can be introduced. At present, the rigidity of the surface chiral carbene complex based on the ferrocene skeleton is not strong, so that the asymmetric catalytic reaction effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention uses phthalamide as a raw material, and the phthalamide reacts with iodine/bromide of ferrocene with surface chirality in an organic solvent in the presence of alkali, catalytic amount of copper salt and iodide, and then the surface chiral carbene complex based on the ferrocene skeleton can be obtained with high yield through lithiation reaction, reduction reaction and the like. The obtained target product can be used as a chiral ligand, a chiral auxiliary agent or a chiral catalyst for various asymmetric catalytic reactions.
The invention has the advantages that the starting material phthalamide and the derivatives thereof used in the invention can be prepared by conventional functional group transformation, and have structural diversity. In addition, the reaction yield is high, the operation is simple and convenient, and the method is favorable for mass preparation.
Technical scheme
The method adopted by the invention is that the phthalamide and the derivative thereof, the copper salt and the iodine/bromide of the ferrocene are dissolved in the furan/ether organic solvent according to the proportion of 1: 1.2 and react for 12 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃. Then, the target crude product is obtained through methylation reaction, decarbonylation reaction and the like. The crude product is purified by recrystallization.
Detailed Description
In order to fully disclose the preparation method of the ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex, the invention is further described with reference to the following examples. These examples are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. The scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples. The scope of the invention is set forth in the claims.
Example 1:
preparation of compound 2:
the reaction is carried out at 80 ℃, instruments and equipment used do not need special anhydrous and oxygen-free treatment, 38 mg (0.2mmol) of phthalic diamide, 10 mg (0.25mmol) of sodium amide, 75mg (0.2mmol) of o-dimethylaminomethyl ferrocene iodide and 2m L tetrahydrofuran solvent are added into a reaction system, the reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours at 80 ℃, the solvent is drained after the reaction is cooled to room temperature, and a crude product 2 is purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate is 20: 1) to obtain a target product 78mg, and the yield is 90%.
Figure BSA0000208370430000021
Preparation of compound 3:
compound 2(86mg, 0.2mmol) and 2ml of an ether solvent were added to the reaction system, t-butyllithium (0.15ml, 0.22mmol, 1.6M) was added at-78 deg.C, and methyl iodide (28mg, 0.2mmol) was further added after 1 hour of reaction to give a methyl-substituted compound. The compound was subjected to reduction reaction and then reacted with paraformaldehyde to give compound 3(56mg, 76%).
Figure BSA0000208370430000022
Preparation of compound 4:
the resulting compound 3 was reacted without purification with 3(75mg, 0.2mmol) directly with sodium iodide (45mg, 0.3mmol) or trityl boron tetrafluoride (99mg, 0.3mmol) in tetrahydrofuran at 60 ℃ for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was drained and washed with hexane (3 × 2ml) to give the precipitate, the imidazolium salt, in 91mg, 91% yield. And reacting the obtained imidazole salt with sodium hydride in a vacuum wire/glove box for 1-2h to obtain the required carbene 4.
Figure BSA0000208370430000031
Preparation of compound 5:
due to the poor stability of compound 4, carbenes are often prepared as metal complexes. Can be a): directly using carbene 4 and cuprous chloride (1: 1) in alkaline Cs2CO3Reacting at room temperature for 12h in the presence of the solvent, then draining the solvent, and purifying the crude product by column chromatography (EA: Acetate ═ 20: 1); b) the method comprises the following steps The imidazole salt and sodium hydride are put into a double-necked bottle according to the ratio of 1: 1.5, and 10 times of the imidazole salt and the sodium hydride are addedThe raw material metering amount of solvent THF is stirred for 1-2h at room temperature, equivalent cuprous chloride and 1.5 times equivalent cesium carbonate are added, after 12h of reaction, the solvent is drained, and the crude product is purified by column chromatography to obtain the target product carbene complex 5(0.2mmol equiv., 64mg, 68%).
Figure BSA0000208370430000032

Claims (5)

1. A novel face chiral carbene complex based on a ferrocene skeleton is characterized in that: the complex has the structural formula:
Figure FSA0000208370420000011
wherein R is1Is a substituent other than H, R2And R3Is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and M is a copper group metal atom.
2. The novel ferrocene skeleton-based face chiral carbene complex according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the structural formula of the complex, R1Is dimethylaminomethyl, R2And R3Is a hydrogen atom and M is a copper atom.
3. The preparation method of the novel ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex, which is described in claim 1, comprises the following three steps:
the first step is as follows: reacting dimethylamino methyl ferrocene serving as a raw material with an iodine simple substance or bromide in an organic solvent to obtain ortho-position iodine/bromide of the dimethylamino methyl ferrocene; the second step is that: the obtained iodide and phthalamide are subjected to coupling reaction in the presence of alkali and CuI to obtain a corresponding chiral ferrocene compound; the third step: and then a final product, namely a novel ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex is obtained through polyformaldehyde, lithiation reaction, reduction reaction and the like.
4. The preparation method of the novel ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the bromide is dichlorodibromoethane; the organic solvent is diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; the alkali is amino sodium or sodium hydride, the reaction temperature is 70-80 ℃, the reaction time is 12h, and the dosage of the reaction organic solvent is 10-20 times of the total amount of the reaction raw materials.
5. The application of the novel ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex is characterized in that: the complex can be used for catalyzing asymmetric reactions.
CN202010390569.9A 2020-05-11 2020-05-11 Preparation of novel ferrocene skeleton-based chiral carbene complex Pending CN111393484A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200710