CN111392727A - Tungsten carbide powder for die material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN111392727A CN111392727A CN202010217574.XA CN202010217574A CN111392727A CN 111392727 A CN111392727 A CN 111392727A CN 202010217574 A CN202010217574 A CN 202010217574A CN 111392727 A CN111392727 A CN 111392727A
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 36
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019587 texture Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/949—Tungsten or molybdenum carbides
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses tungsten carbide powder for a die material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the tungsten carbide powder comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of calcining ammonium paratungstate serving as a raw material to generate yellow tungsten and purple tungsten, mixing the yellow tungsten and the purple tungsten according to a certain proportion, reducing the mixture into tungsten powder through a fifteen-tube reduction furnace, and then carrying out carbon blending, carbonization, ball milling and sieving to obtain tungsten carbide powder for a mold material. Compared with the conventional tungsten carbide powder with the matched thickness, the tungsten carbide powder has more stable powder performance; in the use performance, the properties of wear resistance, bending strength and the like of the hard alloy prepared by the tungsten carbide powder are superior to those of the hard alloy prepared by matching thick and thin tungsten carbide powder; the abnormal long grains of the hard alloy are fewer, and the structure is more uniform and stable; the preparation method of the tungsten carbide has no special requirements on equipment, omits the production process of subsequent powder matching, improves the powder stability, saves the production cost of the hard alloy, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of powder metallurgy and material science, in particular to tungsten carbide powder for a die material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The hard alloy has the excellent characteristics of high hardness, good wear resistance, good hardness, corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of cutting tools, wear-resistant parts, mining tools, die materials and the like. With the continuous improvement of the industrial level, people have higher requirements on the performance of the hard alloy. The strength and toughness of the hard alloy are a pair of spears, the fine tungsten carbide particles ensure that the hard alloy has enough strength, and the coarse tungsten carbide particles can increase the toughness of the hard alloy. For the mold material, a better match in hardness, wear resistance and toughness is required for the cemented carbide.
In order to make the cemented carbide have better matching of strength and toughness, in the current report, the wear resistance and toughness of the cemented carbide are mainly improved by using the combination of coarse tungsten carbide and fine tungsten carbide. Liu super et al (preparation and performance research of mixed crystal tungsten carbide-8C 0 cemented carbide, university of Central and south, 2014) prepared cemented carbide with the performance advantages of both thick and thin cemented carbide by using fine tungsten carbide particles and coarse tungsten carbide particles in a matching manner. However, since the reduction and carbonization temperatures of the fine tungsten carbide powder are low and the reduction and carbonization temperatures of the coarse tungsten carbide powder are high, the sintering activities of the two powders are greatly different, when the powders are sintered in a hard alloy, the solubility of the coarse and fine tungsten carbide powder in a binder phase cobalt is greatly different, most of the fine tungsten carbide particles are preferentially dissolved in a liquid phase sintering process and are separated out on the surfaces of large particles, so that the coarse tungsten carbide particles are easily agglomerated and grown, and the material prepared by the method has difficulty in obtaining a uniform microstructure. In addition, during industrial production, batch ball milling is mostly adopted in the ball milling process, the control of the ball milling time is complex and inaccurate, and the problems result in larger product quality fluctuation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a stable tungsten carbide powder for a die material and a preparation method thereof, wherein yellow tungsten and purple tungsten are mixed before reduction, the prepared tungsten carbide powder is thicker and thinner and is matched with stable powder, and the subsequent prepared mixture is more uniform and stable; the properties of the hard alloy prepared by the tungsten carbide of the invention, such as wear resistance, bending strength and the like, are superior to those of the hard alloy prepared by matching thick and thin tungsten carbide powder; the method shortens the process flow, improves the production efficiency and is suitable for industrial large-scale popularization and application.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a stable tungsten carbide powder for a die material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of calcining ammonium paratungstate serving as a raw material in a blue-oxygen furnace to obtain yellow tungsten and purple tungsten, and uniformly mixing the prepared yellow tungsten and purple tungsten in a double-cone batch mixer, wherein the weight ratio of the yellow tungsten to the purple tungsten is 0.1-10, and the mixing time is 0.5-5 hours;
(2) reducing the uniform mixture prepared in the step (1) by adopting a fifteen-tube reducing furnace, wherein the reduction temperature is 500-950 ℃, and sieving to obtain tungsten powder;
(3) and (3) carrying out carbon preparation, carbonization ball milling crushing, sieving and batching on the tungsten powder prepared in the step (2), and finally preparing the tungsten carbide powder for the die material.
The method comprises the steps of taking ammonium paratungstate as a raw material, obtaining yellow tungsten and purple tungsten by adjusting a calcination process (the conventional method in the market is that the ammonium paratungstate is taken as the raw material, obtaining blue tungsten by calcination, then obtaining tungsten carbide by processes such as reduction and carbonization), uniformly mixing the yellow tungsten and the purple tungsten according to a certain proportion, reducing the mixture into tungsten powder by a fifteen-tube reduction furnace, adding carbon black with the mass fraction of 6.10-6.20% into the tungsten powder, carbonizing the mixture in a carbon tube furnace after uniform mixing, and then performing ball milling, crushing and sieving to obtain the tungsten carbide powder for the mold material.
The invention has the innovation points that the yellow tungsten and the purple tungsten are placed in a double-cone batch mixer to be uniformly mixed, the weight ratio of the yellow tungsten to the purple tungsten is 0.1-10, and the optimal ratio is 1; the mixing time is 0.5-5 h, and the optimal mixing time is 2 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the consistent reduction and carbonization processes for the mixture of the yellow tungsten and the purple tungsten (the conventional method in the market adopts blue tungsten to obtain tungsten carbide powder with different granularities through different reduction and carbonization processes, and then the tungsten carbide powder for the mould material is obtained by matching the tungsten carbide with different granularities.
(2) The hard alloy for the die material prepared by the tungsten carbide has better wear resistance and bending strength, less abnormally grown crystal grains and more uniform structure.
(3) The tungsten oxide is uniformly mixed before reduction (the batch weight is 10t), so that the subsequent procedure of matching wet grinding in small batches (the batch weight is 50-400kg) is omitted, the labor intensity and the labor cost are reduced, and the method has no special requirements on equipment and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Table 1 shows the properties of the tungsten carbide powders of the comparative examples and examples.
Table 2 shows properties of cemented carbides prepared from the tungsten carbide powders of comparative examples and examples.
FIG. 1 is a typical microstructure of a comparative example cemented carbide.
FIG. 2 is a typical microstructure of the example cemented carbide.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to examples and comparative examples.
The present invention can be better understood in light of the examples and comparative examples described below; the powder properties of the tungsten carbide of the comparative example and the example are detected and compared; in the aspect of the use performance of the tungsten carbide, the tungsten carbide of the comparative example and the tungsten carbide of the embodiment are prepared into the hard alloy for the die material, and the performance of the hard alloy is compared.
Comparative example 1
(1) Calcining ammonium paratungstate serving as a raw material to obtain blue tungsten, and producing tungsten carbide by adopting a 2-micron tungsten carbide manufacturing process, namely batch one; producing tungsten carbide by adopting a 4-micron tungsten carbide manufacturing process, which is called batch two for short;
(2) the batch one and the batch two are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion to obtain a comparative example 1, the properties of the powder of the comparative example 1 are shown in a table 1, the properties of the prepared hard alloy are shown in a table 2, and a typical structure photograph is shown in a table 1.
Comparative example 2
(1) Calcining ammonium paratungstate serving as a raw material to obtain blue tungsten, and producing tungsten carbide by adopting a 2-micron tungsten carbide manufacturing process, namely batch three; adopting a 4-micron tungsten carbide manufacturing process to produce tungsten carbide, namely batch four;
(2) and evenly mixing the third batch and the fourth batch according to a certain proportion to obtain a comparative example 2, wherein the performance of the powder of the comparative example 2 is shown in a table 1, the performance of the prepared hard alloy is shown in the table 2, and the typical structure photo is shown in the table 1.
Example 1
(1) The method is characterized in that ammonium paratungstate is used as a raw material, yellow tungsten is prepared by adopting a yellow tungsten calcining process through a blue-oxygen furnace, and purple tungsten is prepared by adopting a purple tungsten calcining process.
(2) Taking yellow tungsten and purple tungsten, placing 1t of each in a double-cone batch mixer, and mixing for 2h to uniformly mix the yellow tungsten and the purple tungsten;
(3) reducing the uniform mixture of tungsten and purple tungsten in a fifteen-tube reduction furnace to obtain tungsten powder, wherein the temperature of the three zones is 800-900 ℃;
(4) the obtained tungsten powder was added with 6.13% of carbon black and mixed uniformly by a mixer and a stirrer. After carbon preparation, carbonizing in a carbon tube furnace at 1650 ℃ for 2h to obtain the blocky tungsten carbide. Ball-milling, sieving and batching the blocky tungsten carbide to obtain tungsten carbide powder for the die material,
example 1 powder properties are shown in table 1; the properties of the prepared hard alloy are shown in Table 2, and a typical structure picture is shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2 and FIGS. 1 and 2, the indexes of the tungsten carbide powder of the comparative examples 1-2 are similar to those of the tungsten carbide powder of the example 1, the hard alloy prepared by the tungsten carbide of the example 1 has better wear resistance and bending strength than those of the comparative examples 1-2, the hardness and toughness are equivalent to those of the comparative examples 1-2, the maximum grain size is smaller than that of the comparative examples 1-2, and the microstructure is more uniform and stable.
Example 2
(1) The method is characterized in that ammonium paratungstate is used as a raw material, yellow tungsten is prepared by adopting a yellow tungsten calcining process through a blue-oxygen furnace, and purple tungsten is prepared by adopting a purple tungsten calcining process.
(2) 0.6t of yellow tungsten and 1.4t of purple tungsten are placed in a double-cone batch mixer and mixed for 3 hours, so that the yellow tungsten and the purple tungsten are uniformly mixed;
(3) reducing the uniform mixture of tungsten and purple tungsten in a fifteen-tube reduction furnace to obtain tungsten powder, wherein the temperature of the three zones is 800-900 ℃;
(4) the obtained tungsten powder was added with 6.13% of carbon black and mixed uniformly by a mixer and a stirrer. After carbon preparation, carbonizing in a carbon tube furnace at 1650 ℃ for 2h to obtain the blocky tungsten carbide. Ball-milling, sieving and batching the blocky tungsten carbide to obtain tungsten carbide powder for the die material,
example 2 powder properties are shown in table 1; the properties of the prepared hard alloy are shown in Table 2, and a typical structure picture is shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2 and FIGS. 1 and 2, the tungsten carbide powder indexes of comparative examples 1-2 and example 2 are similar, the wear resistance and the bending strength of the hard alloy prepared by the tungsten carbide powder of example 2 are better than those of comparative examples 1-2, the hardness and the toughness of the hard alloy are equivalent to those of comparative examples 1-2, the maximum grain size of the hard alloy is smaller than that of comparative examples 1-2, and the microstructure of the hard alloy is more uniform and stable.
Example 3
(1) The method is characterized in that ammonium paratungstate is used as a raw material, yellow tungsten is prepared by adopting a yellow tungsten calcining process through a blue-oxygen furnace, and purple tungsten is prepared by adopting a purple tungsten calcining process.
(2) Taking yellow tungsten and purple tungsten, placing 1t of each in a double-cone batch mixer, and mixing for 2h to uniformly mix the yellow tungsten and the purple tungsten;
(3) reducing the uniform mixture of tungsten and purple tungsten in a fifteen-tube reduction furnace to obtain tungsten powder, wherein the temperatures of the three zones are respectively 800-900 ℃;
(4) the obtained tungsten powder was added with 6.13% of carbon black and mixed uniformly by a mixer and a stirrer. After carbon preparation, carbonizing in a carbon tube furnace at 1740 ℃ for 3h to obtain blocky tungsten carbide. Ball-milling, sieving and batching the blocky tungsten carbide to obtain tungsten carbide powder for the die material,
example 3 powder properties are given in table 1; the properties of the prepared hard alloy are shown in Table 2, and a typical structure picture is shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2 and FIGS. 1 and 2, the tungsten carbide powder indexes of comparative examples 1-2 and example 3 are similar, the wear resistance and the bending strength of the hard alloy prepared by the tungsten carbide of example 3 are better than those of comparative examples 1-2, the hardness and the toughness are equivalent to those of comparative examples 1-2, the maximum grain size is smaller than that of comparative examples 1-2, and the microstructure is more uniform and stable.
Example 4
(1) The method is characterized in that ammonium paratungstate is used as a raw material, yellow tungsten is prepared by adopting a yellow tungsten calcining process through a blue-oxygen furnace, and purple tungsten is prepared by adopting a purple tungsten calcining process.
(2) Taking 0.6t of yellow tungsten and 1.4t of purple tungsten, placing the yellow tungsten and the purple tungsten in a double-cone batch mixer, and mixing for 3 hours to uniformly mix the yellow tungsten and the purple tungsten;
(3) reducing the uniform mixture of tungsten and purple tungsten in a fifteen-tube reduction furnace to obtain tungsten powder, wherein the temperatures of the three zones are respectively 800-900 ℃;
(4) the obtained tungsten powder was added with 6.13% of carbon black and mixed uniformly by a mixer and a stirrer. After carbon preparation, carbonizing in a carbon tube furnace at 1740 ℃ for 3h to obtain blocky tungsten carbide. Ball-milling, sieving and batching the blocky tungsten carbide to obtain tungsten carbide powder for the die material,
example 4 powder properties are given in table 1; the properties of the prepared hard alloy are shown in Table 2, and a typical structure picture is shown in figure 1.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2 and FIGS. 1 and 2, the tungsten carbide powder indexes of comparative examples 1-2 and example 4 are similar, the wear resistance and the bending strength of the hard alloy prepared by the tungsten carbide of example 4 are better than those of comparative examples 1-2, the hardness and the toughness are equivalent to those of comparative examples 1-2, the maximum grain size is smaller than that of comparative examples 1-2, and the microstructure is more uniform and stable.
By comparing comparative examples 1 to 2 and examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that:
table 1 shows that the tungsten carbide powder prepared by the present invention has similar powder properties to tungsten carbide powders with different particle sizes. Although the preparation processes are different, the powder indexes are similar, which shows that the preparation process of the invention has stronger stability. As can be seen from comparative examples 1-2, the bulk ratio and the tap density of tungsten carbide have certain difference, which indicates that the stability of the comparative example is slightly poor.
Table 2 shows that the wear resistance and bending strength of the cemented carbide made from the tungsten carbide according to the invention are superior to those of the comparative example, the hardness and toughness are comparable to those of the comparative example, and the maximum grain size is much smaller than that of the comparative example. The performance requirements of the hard alloy for the die material are as follows: the Rockwell hardness is 89.0-89.8, and the fracture toughness is more than or equal to 12MPa m1/2The bending strength is more than or equal to 3500 MPa. The hard alloy prepared from the tungsten carbide powder for the die material prepared by the invention is completely suitable for the die material.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show that the tungsten carbide powder of the present invention produced cemented carbide with a more uniform texture than the cemented carbide of the comparative example.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
Remarking: HRA, MAX, TRS, KICAnd MS% refers to Rockwell hardness, maximum grain size, bending strength, fracture toughness (Babbitt method), and specific saturation magnetic strength, respectively.
Claims (3)
1. The tungsten carbide powder for the die material and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) putting the prepared yellow tungsten and purple tungsten into a double-cone batch mixer to be uniformly mixed by taking ammonium paratungstate as a raw material through a blue-oxygen furnace, wherein the weight ratio of the yellow tungsten to the purple tungsten is 0.1-10, and the mixing time is 0.5-5 h;
(2) reducing the uniform mixture prepared in the step (1) by adopting a fifteen-tube reducing furnace, wherein the reduction temperature is 500-950 ℃, and sieving to obtain tungsten powder;
(3) and (3) carrying out carbon preparation, carbonization, ball milling and crushing, sieving and batching on the tungsten powder prepared in the step (2), and finally preparing the tungsten carbide powder for the die material, wherein the carbonization temperature is 1500-1800 ℃.
2. The tungsten carbide powder for mold material according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten carbide powder comprises: the weight ratio of the yellow tungsten to the purple tungsten is 1, and the mixing time is 2 h.
3. The tungsten carbide powder for mold materials according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the tungsten carbide powder is 1.0 to 4.0 μm, and the total carbon content is 6.10 to 6.20%.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20200710 |