CN111389494A - Recycling device and method for waste fiber thermal insulation material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for recycling waste fiber heat-insulating materials, wherein the device comprises a fiber decomposition device, a vibration screening device and an available fiber recycling device which are sequentially connected; the fiber decomposition equipment is used for decomposing/carding the waste fiber heat-insulating material to be treated into mixed fibers, and the mixed fibers comprise aged and embrittled broken fibers and tough available fibers which are broken in the decomposition/carding process; the mixed fibers are output to the vibrating screening device, and the vibrating screening device is used for separating broken fibers and flexible available fibers in the mixed fibers; the available fiber recycling equipment is used for recycling the available fibers. The method can efficiently and fully fiberize the waste thermal insulation material, respectively recycle aged broken fibers and tough available fibers, has high treatment capacity and high recycling rate, and can effectively solve the recycling problem of the waste fiber thermal insulation material.

Description

Recycling device and method for waste fiber thermal insulation material

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for recycling waste fiber heat-insulating materials.

Background art:

the mineral fiber heat-insulating material comprises an aluminum silicate fiber heat-insulating material, a rock wool fiber heat-insulating material, an ultra-fine glass wool fiber heat-insulating material and the like, is the most commonly used heat-insulating material in the market, is also the heat-insulating material with the largest market stock, and is also the heat-insulating material with the largest environmental pollution. The recycling of the treated fiber waste heat-insulating material is the core content for solving the recycling of the waste heat-insulating material.

The core content of the method is that the fiber waste heat insulation material is loosened into fiber shape by a chemical and mechanical decomposition method, then the fiber waste heat insulation material is made into heat insulation slurry by a certain stirring process, and then the heat insulation slurry is mixed with other light fillers to make the composite heat insulation material. The composite heat-insulating material has certain strength, certain toughness and relatively good comprehensive performance. However, in this process, the loosened thermal insulation fibers only account for a certain proportion in the whole composite thermal insulation material, and a certain amount of other thermal insulation raw materials need to be added, so the method has limited ability to treat the waste thermal insulation material, has a great gap compared with the huge treatment requirement, and needs to further find a new recovery process.

The patent No. 201711045637.2 entitled "recovery equipment of waste heat-insulating material" is an equipment for crushing and grinding waste heat-insulating material and adding it into chemical liquid to obtain heat-insulating slurry, and the patent document does not describe the use of the heat-insulating slurry. It can be clear that the crushed heat-insulating material loses the fiber characteristics, the heat-insulating property is obviously reduced, and the application range is limited.

The invention content is as follows:

aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel process and equipment for treating waste fiber heat-insulating materials, which can greatly improve the treatment capacity of the waste heat-insulating materials, have high recovery rate and high treatment capacity, and can effectively solve the problem of recycling the waste fiber heat-insulating materials.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a recycle device of old and useless fibre class insulation material which characterized in that: the device comprises a fiber decomposition device, a vibration screening device and an available fiber recovery processing device which are connected in sequence; the fiber decomposition equipment is used for decomposing/carding the waste fiber heat-insulating material to be treated into mixed fibers, and the mixed fibers comprise aged and embrittled broken fibers and tough available fibers which are broken in the decomposition/carding process; the mixed fibers are output to the vibrating screening device, and the vibrating screening device is used for separating broken fibers and flexible available fibers in the mixed fibers; the available fiber recycling equipment is used for recycling the available fibers.

Preferably, the fiber decomposition equipment comprises at least four rollers, wherein two rollers are toothed rollers, each toothed roller is matched with a non-toothed roller, and the waste fiber thermal insulation materials are combed and decomposed twice continuously to realize sufficient fiberization of the materials.

Preferably, the fiber decomposition equipment comprises four rollers, wherein the first roller and the fourth roller are toothed rollers, and the second roller and the third roller are non-toothed rollers; the first roller and the second roller are adjacently arranged and have a gap, the rotating speed of the first roller is greater than that of the second roller, the first roller and the second roller rotate relatively, and the waste fiber thermal insulation material is combed and decomposed primarily under the action of the rotating speed difference and the hobbing; the rotating speed of the fourth roller is greater than that of the second roller and the third roller, the second roller and the third roller are arranged adjacently and have a gap, the second roller and the third roller rotate relatively to clamp and push the primarily combed materials to the fourth roller, and the fourth roller combs and releases the materials for the second time in the high-speed rotation of the hobbing and outputs the materials to the vibrating screening equipment.

Preferably, the geometric size and the rotating speed of the second roller and the third roller are the same.

Preferably, the fiber decomposition equipment comprises a feeding hole and a discharging hole, a closed cavity is arranged between the feeding hole and the discharging hole, and the at least four rollers are arranged in the closed cavity.

Preferably, the toothed roller is composed of a cylindrical roller and a plurality of needle teeth distributed on the outer surface of the roller, and the needle teeth are all sharp-pointed structures.

Preferably, the outer surface of the non-toothed roller is distributed over the protrusions for increasing the friction.

Preferably, the non-toothed roller is made of a patterned steel plate.

Preferably, the usable fiber is used as one of raw materials for manufacturing the composite heat-insulating material; or, in the viscose fiber generating equipment serving as the available fiber recycling equipment, uniformly spraying the available fibers with a binder by using a spraying and blowing process to prepare the viscose fibers, and then conveying the viscose fibers into a regenerated thermal insulation material production line to be pressed into the thermal insulation board again; alternatively, composite insulation is produced by compounding the useful fibers with silica aerogel insulation.

The invention also provides a recycling method of the waste fiber heat-insulating material by adopting the device, which comprises the following steps:

s1, decomposing the material to be combed into mixed fibers by fiber decomposition equipment, wherein the mixed fibers comprise crushed and pulverized aged and embrittled crushed fibers and tough available fibers;

and S2, outputting the mixed fibers to a vibration screening device, wherein the vibration screening device is used for discharging and recovering broken fibers in the mixed fibers and transmitting the usable fibers to the usable fiber recovery and treatment device.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

according to the invention, through the sequentially connected fiber decomposition equipment, vibration screening equipment and available fiber reproduction equipment, the waste thermal insulation materials can be efficiently and fully fiberized, aged broken fibers and tough available fibers are respectively recycled, the treatment capacity is high, the recycling rate is high, and the recycling problem of the waste fiber thermal insulation materials can be effectively solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a recycling apparatus for waste fiber insulation materials according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the defibration apparatus of the apparatus of FIG. 1, shown from the inlet opening inward.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a set of recycling apparatus for waste fiber thermal insulation material, the set of apparatus is composed of a fiber decomposition apparatus 1, a vibration screening apparatus 2, a fiber crumbling bin 3, and a fiber generation apparatus with glue 4 as an available fiber recycling apparatus, and the fiber generation apparatus with glue 4 is connected to a regenerated thermal insulation material production line 5.

The structure of the defibration apparatus 1, as shown in fig. 1: the fiber decomposition device comprises a feeding hole 10 and a discharging hole 20, wherein the feeding hole 10 is located at the uppermost end of the fiber decomposition device 1, the discharging hole 20 is located at the lowermost end of the fiber decomposition device 1, and a closed cavity is formed between the feeding hole 10 and the discharging hole 20. In the closed cavity 15, four rollers are provided, wherein the first roller 11 and the fourth roller 14 are toothed rollers, and the second roller 12 and the third roller 13 are non-toothed rollers. The first roller 11 and the second roller 12 are arranged in parallel right below the feed opening 10, and the fourth roller 14 is adjacent to the discharge opening 20 and is directly communicated with the discharge opening. A first gap is formed between the first roller 11 and the second roller 12, and a second gap is formed between the second roller and the third roller. Waste fiber heat-insulating materials to be decomposed enter the first gap after being fed from the feeding hole 10 and are primarily combed, the materials after primary combing are clamped and pushed to the fourth roller 14 through the second roller 12 and the third roller 13, the fourth roller 14 rotates at a high speed, and the materials are further combed and then are output to the vibrating screening device 2 through the discharging hole 20.

More specifically, the first roller 11 and the second roller 12 rotate relatively, and the rotation direction is that the waste fiber heat-insulating material can be pushed away from the feeding hole 10 while being primarily combed and decomposed, and then pushed to the second gap; the second roller 12 and the third roller 13 rotate relatively, and the rotation direction is the direction which can push the materials in the second gap to the fourth roller 14; the fourth roller 14 rotates in a direction to pull the material toward the discharge opening 20. The rotating speed of the first roller 11 is n, the rotating speed of the second roller 12 is n1, n is greater than n1, namely, the roller 1 and the roller 2 have a speed difference; the rotating speeds of the second roller 12 and the third roller 13 are the same and are both n 1; the fourth roller 14 has a rotational speed n2, n2> n 1. Under the action of the rotational speed difference between the first roller 11 and the second roller 12 and the hobbing of the first roller 11, preliminarily carding the waste fiber thermal insulation material; the high-speed rotation of the fourth roller 14 rapidly tears and separates the materials clamped by the second gap downwards. In the decomposition process of the roller group, the aged and embrittled fibers are smashed and pulverized, the usable fibers with certain toughness are reserved, and the mixed fibers enter the vibrating screening equipment 2 from the outlet of the decomposition equipment.

As shown in fig. 2, the first roller 11 and the fourth roller 14 have the same or similar structure, and are composed of a cylindrical drum and a plurality of pin teeth distributed on the outer surface of the drum, the pin teeth may be uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the drum or unevenly distributed on the outer surface of the drum according to a certain rule, the pin teeth are sharp and have a pointed structure with a certain length, the second roller 12 and the third roller 13 are also of drum structures, the outer surfaces of the second roller 12 and the third roller 13 are distributed with protrusions, and specifically, the pin teeth may be made of patterned steel plates to increase friction force, the first roller 11, the third roller 13 and the fourth roller 14 are driven by independent driving devices, the second roller 12 may be driven by independent driving devices, or may share one driving device with the third roller 13.

Preferably, the rotating shaft of the second roller 12 is a floating rotating shaft, and can move in a direction away from the first roller 11, so as to adjust the size of the first gap between the second roller 12 and the first roller 11, thereby being capable of adapting to the entering of materials with different sizes.

The vibrating screen 2 is arranged below the discharge port of the fiber decomposing equipment 1 and is of a plate structure with a plurality of screen holes or a similar plate structure, the feed end of the vibrating screen is arranged right below the discharge port of the fiber decomposing equipment 1, the discharge end is slightly lower than the feed end of the vibrating screen, and the discharge end extends into the adhesive fiber generating equipment 4. The mixed fiber output from the discharge port of the fiber decomposition equipment 1 falls on the vibration screening equipment 2; a broken fiber collecting bin 3 is arranged below the vibrating screening equipment 2, the broken fiber collecting bin 3 is in a funnel shape with a large top and a small bottom, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the broken fiber collecting bin, a control valve is arranged on the discharge port, the broken fiber bin 3 is used for receiving the broken small and pulverized fibers screened by the vibrating screening equipment 2, and a mixture of the broken fibers, the pulverized fibers and dust is discharged from the discharge port and can be buried or used as a raw material for producing light building blocks; the vibration screening equipment 2 conveys the screened tough available fiber to the adhesive fiber generating equipment 4 through the discharge end of the vibration screening equipment for producing and using the regenerated thermal insulation material.

The finally obtained tough available fiber has higher utilization value, and specifically, the following two application modes can be provided: firstly, the composite heat-insulating material is used as a raw material for manufacturing the composite heat-insulating material according to a certain proportion; in the other way, in the glued fiber generating equipment 4 of the embodiment, the available fibers are uniformly sprayed with the binder by using a spraying and blowing process to prepare the glued fibers, and then the glued fibers are conveyed to the regenerated thermal insulation material production line 5 to be pressed into the thermal insulation board again, so that the old materials are used again; or, by compounding the usable fibers with a high-performance silica aerogel insulation material, an insulation material with better performance than the traditional insulation materials currently circulating in the market is produced.

The embodiment also provides a recycling method of the waste fiber heat-insulating material by adopting the device, which comprises the following steps:

s1, decomposing the material to be combed into mixed fibers by fiber decomposition equipment, wherein the mixed fibers comprise crushed and pulverized aged and embrittled crushed fibers and tough available fibers;

s2, outputting the mixed fibers to a screening device, wherein the screening device is used for discharging and recycling broken fibers in the mixed fibers and conveying the usable fibers to the viscose fiber generation device.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a recycle device of old and useless fibre class insulation material which characterized in that: the device comprises a fiber decomposition device, a vibration screening device and an available fiber recovery processing device which are connected in sequence; the fiber decomposition equipment is used for decomposing/carding the waste fiber heat-insulating material to be treated into mixed fibers, and the mixed fibers comprise aged and embrittled broken fibers and tough available fibers which are broken in the decomposition/carding process; the mixed fibers are output to the vibrating screening device, and the vibrating screening device is used for separating broken fibers and flexible available fibers in the mixed fibers; the available fiber recycling equipment is used for recycling the available fibers.

2. The recycling device of the waste fiber thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fiber decomposition equipment comprises at least four rollers, wherein two rollers are toothed rollers, the two toothed rollers are matched with non-toothed rollers, and the waste fiber thermal insulation materials are combed and decomposed twice continuously to realize sufficient fiberization of the materials.

3. The recycling device of the waste fiber thermal insulation material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fiber decomposition equipment comprises four rollers, wherein the first roller and the fourth roller are toothed rollers, and the second roller and the third roller are non-toothed rollers; the first roller and the second roller are adjacently arranged and have a gap, the rotating speed of the first roller is greater than that of the second roller, the first roller and the second roller rotate relatively, and the waste fiber thermal insulation material is primarily combed under the action of the rotating speed difference and the hobbing of the first roller; the second roller and the third roller are adjacently arranged and have a gap, the rotating speed of the fourth roller is greater than that of the second roller and the third roller, the second roller and the third roller rotate relatively to clamp and push the primarily combed and decomposed materials to the fourth roller, and the fourth roller combs and decomposes the materials secondarily in high-speed rotation and then outputs the materials to the screening equipment.

4. The fiber decomposition device of claim 3, wherein: the geometric dimension and the rotating speed of the second roller and the third roller are the same.

5. The fiber decomposition device of claim 2, wherein: the rotating shaft of the second roller is a floating rotating shaft and is used for automatically adjusting the gap between the second roller and the first roller to adapt to the entrance of materials with different sizes.

6. The recycling device of the waste fiber thermal insulation material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fiber decomposition equipment comprises a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, a closed cavity is arranged between the feed inlet and the discharge outlet, and at least four rollers are arranged in the closed cavity.

7. The recycling device of the waste fiber thermal insulation materials according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: the toothed roller consists of a cylindrical roller and a plurality of needle teeth distributed on the outer surface of the roller, and the needle teeth are of sharp pointed structures.

8. The recycling device of the waste fiber thermal insulation materials according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: the outer surface of the non-toothed roller is distributed over the projections for increasing the friction.

9. The recycling device of the waste fiber thermal insulation material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the usable fiber is used as one of raw materials for manufacturing the composite heat-insulating material; or, in the viscose fiber generating equipment serving as the available fiber recycling equipment, uniformly spraying the available fibers with a binder by using a spraying and blowing process to prepare the viscose fibers, and then conveying the viscose fibers into a regenerated thermal insulation material production line to be pressed into the thermal insulation board again; alternatively, composite insulation is produced by compounding the useful fibers with silica aerogel insulation.

10. A method for recycling waste fiber heat-insulating materials by adopting the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, decomposing the material to be combed into mixed fibers by fiber decomposition equipment, wherein the mixed fibers comprise crushed and pulverized aged and embrittled crushed fibers and tough available fibers;

and S2, outputting the mixed fibers to a vibration screening device, wherein the vibration screening device is used for discharging and recovering broken fibers in the mixed fibers and transmitting the usable fibers to the usable fiber recovery and treatment device.

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