CN111387933A - 监控视觉疲劳的方法和光学系统 - Google Patents
监控视觉疲劳的方法和光学系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
监控视觉疲劳的方法首先侦测一用户的眨眼状况、视轴辐辏,和瞳孔状况,接着依据眨眼状况、视轴辐辏状况和瞳孔状况中至少其中之一来判断用户是否出现视觉疲劳。此外,当判定用户出现视觉疲劳时,刺激用户眨眼或发出一警示信息。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明相关于一种监控视觉疲劳的方法和光学系统,尤指一种依据眨眼状况、视轴辐辏,和瞳孔状况来监控视觉疲劳的方法和光学系统。
【背景技术】
随着3C产品的普及,用户长时间用手机或计算机来玩游戏、追剧或使用社交媒体,近距离观看行动装置的用眼过度加上光线不佳,使得「数字视觉疲劳」的情况越来越常发生。数字视觉疲劳除了让眼睛干涩/畏光和视力模糊之外,还会让人身体易疲劳、头痛和注意力不集中。
虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)是利用计算机技术仿真出一个立体且高拟真的三维空间,当用户穿戴特殊显示设备进入后,会产生好像处在现实中的错觉。在这虚拟现实空间中,操作者可以和虚拟对象或其他玩家互动。由于VR应用强调沉浸感,当用户戴上VR头戴装置后可在一虚拟环境中拥有视觉、听觉、触觉或嗅觉等各种感官互动。然而VR所创造出的感官体验,并不完全符合人类感官系统的运作方式,因此在长时间使用下,这些刺激的沉浸式感官体验更容易触发数字视觉疲劳。
【发明内容】
本发明提供一种监控视觉疲劳的方法,其包含侦测用户的眨眼状况、视轴辐辏(vergence),以及瞳孔状况,并依据该眨眼状况、该视轴辐辏状况和该瞳孔状况中至少其中之一来判断该用户是否出现视觉疲劳。
本发明另提供一种可监控视觉疲劳的光学系统,其包含一视觉疲劳侦测模块,用来侦测用户的眨眼状况、视轴辐辏状况,以及瞳孔状况;以及一视觉疲劳分析模块,用来依据该眨眼状况、该视轴辐辏状况和该瞳孔状况中至少其中之一来判断该用户是否出现视觉疲劳。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明实施例中一种光学系统的功能方块图。
图2为本发明实施例光学系统运作时的流程图。
【具体实施方式】
图1为本发明实施例中一种光学系统100的功能方块图。光学系统100包含一视觉疲劳侦测模块10、一视觉疲劳分析模块20、一视觉疲劳警示模块30,以及一眨眼促进模块40。视觉疲劳侦测模块10可侦测人眼的眨眼状况、视轴辐辏(vergence)状况,以及瞳孔状况等视觉信息。视觉疲劳分析模块20可依据视觉疲劳侦测模块10所提供的视觉信息来判断用户是否出现视觉疲劳的现象,再由视觉疲劳警示模块30来发出警示信息来告知用户,或另由眨眼促进模块40来缓和视觉疲劳的现象。
图2为本发明实施例光学系统100运作时的流程图,其包含下列步骤:
步骤210:视觉疲劳侦测模块10侦测人眼的眨眼状况。
步骤220:视觉疲劳侦测模块10侦测人眼的视轴辐辏状况。
步骤230:视觉疲劳侦测模块10侦测人眼的瞳孔状况。
步骤240:视觉疲劳分析模块20依据视觉疲劳侦测模块10所提供的视觉信息来判断用户是否出现视觉疲劳的现象;若是,执行步骤250;若否,执行步骤210。
步骤250:视觉疲劳警示模块30发出一警示信息来告知用户。
步骤260:眨眼促进模块40刺激用户眨眼。
人类的眨眼大致分为三种情况,第一种是在受到外物接触眼睛、受到惊吓、有强光束照射,或者是有物体突然在眼前闪过时触发的保护性眨眼动作,第二种是在平时并无外界刺激的情况下不知不觉做出的无意识眨眼动作,而第三种是由于特定原因刻意进行的有意识眨眼动作,其中和视觉疲劳比较有关的是无意识眨眼和有意识眨眼。在眨眼的过程中,若上眼睑碰到下眼睑称的为完全眨眼,而若上眼睑并未碰到下眼睑则称为不完全眨眼。完全眨眼的动作能够将泪水均匀的分布在人眼的角膜和结膜上以保持眼球的湿润,且透过暂时关闭眼球与外界的交往来让眼睛得到了短暂的休息,因此能缓和视觉疲劳。不完全眨眼的动作可能无法将睑板腺分泌的油脂释出,长久下来会造成角膜下方的干燥或导致睑板线阻塞。在长时间阅读、写作或使用电子设备的情况下,往往会让人不自觉地减少眨眼次数或造成不完全眨眼的次数增加,进而让眼睛更容易疲劳酸涩或出现视力模糊等现象。此外,有意识眨眼的力道大于无意识眨眼的力道,因此更能刺激泪腺分泌更多泪液以舒缓视觉疲劳的现象。
对此,本发明的光学系统100在步骤210中可利用视觉疲劳侦测模块10来侦测用户的眨眼状况,例如侦测用户的自发性眨眼率(spontaneous eye blink rate,SEBR)、眨眼间距(inter-eye blink interval,IEBI)、眨眼长度、眨眼力道和完全眨眼次数等参数,以利视觉疲劳分析模块20来后续分析人眼的视觉疲劳程度。举例来说,当用户的自发性眨眼率低于一预定值、眨眼间距高于一预定值、眨眼长度短于一预定时间、有意识眨眼的次数(由眨眼力道来判断)少于一预定值和完全眨眼次数少于一预定值等上述一个或多个条件成立时,视觉疲劳分析模块20可依据用户的眨眼状况判定已经出现视觉疲劳的现象。
在人眼结构中,眼外肌(extraocular muscle)是附着于眼球外部的肌肉,其作用是支撑眼球并使眼球可以上下左右活动和转动。当人眼注视着一目标物时,双眼会朝相反方向转动以调整双眼视轴的交会情形,使得目标物能投射到双眼视网膜的相对位置上,这种双眼转动的过程称为视轴辐辏。过于频繁的视轴辐辏会增加眼外肌的工作量,因此容易造成眼睛疲劳;长时间盯着目标物视线动也不动时,完全不做视轴辐辏则会让眼外肌僵硬疲劳,也会造成眼睛不适。注视偏差(fixation disparity)是用来评估视轴辐辏准确度的参数,其是指当双眼固视目标物时,影像并没有确实刺激双眼视网膜感光最灵敏的中央窝(fovea)对应点,但仍落在融像区内。注视偏差的存在表示在双眼视物的情况下,双眼视线有轻微的过度聚合(Eso disparity)或聚合不足(Exo disparity)。注视偏差的程度也和周围环境的强光有关,轻微的注视偏差可透过知觉性的融像被单一视(并不会出现双重影像),但严重的注视偏差则会造成眼睛疲劳,同时在视觉疲劳亦会造成注视偏差在单位时间内有较高的变动。
对此,本发明的光学系统100在步骤220中可利用视觉疲劳侦测模块10来侦测用户的视轴辐辏状况,例如侦测用户双眼注视偏差的程度和变化,以利视觉疲劳分析模块20来后续分析人眼的视觉疲劳程度。举例来说,当用户在高注视偏差的状态下超过一预定时间,及/或用户的注视偏差的变化超过一预定大小且持续一预定时间时,视觉疲劳分析模块20可依据用户的视轴辐辏状况判定已经出现视觉疲劳的现象。
在人眼结构中,虹彩肌是用来配合外界的光线变化来调节瞳孔缩放,外界光线强或在视近物时的时候会缩小瞳孔以减少进入眼睛的光量,并针对近物减少色像差及球面相。经过长时间的近距离作业后,双眼的瞳孔反应速度会变慢。此外,虹膜震颤(hippo)是种与副交感神经的活动相关的一种有节律且不自主眼球摆动的生理现象,在视觉疲劳时容易发生。
对此,本发明的光学系统100在步骤230中可利用视觉疲劳侦测模块10来侦测用户的瞳孔状况,例如侦测用户的瞳孔大小、瞳孔反应时间(受到刺激时的反应时间),和瞳孔大小的变化频率等参数,以利视觉疲劳分析模块20来后续分析人眼的视觉疲劳程度。举例来说,当用户瞳孔大小维持在低于一预定值的状况超过一预定时间、瞳孔反应时间不小于一预定值,及/或用户瞳孔大小的变化频率超过一预定值时,视觉疲劳分析模块20会依据用户的瞳孔状况判定已经出现视觉疲劳的现象。
在本发明实施例中,视觉疲劳侦测模块10可包含光学式瞳位追踪眼动仪、红外线眼动图法(infrared oculography)眼动仪、红外线眼部热像仪,或生理信号传感器等装置。然而,视觉疲劳侦测模块10的实施方式并不限定本发明的范畴。
在步骤240中,视觉疲劳分析模块20可依据视觉疲劳侦测模块10提供的视觉信息来判断用户是否出现视觉疲劳的现象。在一实施例中,视觉疲劳分析模块20可依据人眼的眨眼状况、视轴辐辏状况和瞳孔状况中至少其中之一来判断用户是否出现视觉疲劳的现象。在另一实施例中,视觉疲劳分析模块20可同时依据人眼的眨眼状况、视轴辐辏状况和瞳孔状况来判断用户是否出现视觉疲劳的现象。
在步骤250中,当视觉疲劳分析模块20判定用户出现视觉疲劳的现象时,视觉疲劳警示模块30可采用多种方式来发出警示信息以告知用户。在一实施例中,警示信息可为影像信息、语音消息、震动信息,或嗅觉信息。然而,视觉疲劳警示模块30发出警示信息的方式并不限定本发明的范畴。
在步骤260中,当视觉疲劳分析模块20判定用户出现视觉疲劳的现象时,眨眼促进模块40可采用多种方式来刺激用户眨眼,进而缓和视觉疲劳。在一实施例中,眨眼促进模块40可包含一喷气装置,以类似眼压计的运作,或透过对外眼角周边施压而刺激用户眨眼。在一实施例中,眨眼促进模块40可发出肉眼无法察觉的闪光来刺激视网膜上的光感受器,进而让用户增加眨眼次数。然而,眨眼促进模块40的实施方式并不限定本发明的范畴。
综上所述,本发明的光学系统100可利用视觉疲劳侦测模块10来监控用户的眨眼状况、视轴辐辏状况和瞳孔状况,再由视觉疲劳分析模块20判定用户是否出现视觉疲劳的现象。当判定出现视觉疲劳的现象时,视觉疲劳警示模块30可提醒用户需要让眼睛休息了,而眨眼促进模块40另可刺激用户眨眼以缓和视觉疲劳。以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明权利要求范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
【附图标记说明】
10 视觉疲劳侦测模块
20 视觉疲劳分析模块
30 视觉疲劳警示模块
40 眨眼促进模块
100 光学系统
210~260 步骤
Claims (14)
1.一种监控视觉疲劳的方法,其特征在于,包含:
侦测一用户的一眨眼状况、一视轴辐辏状况,以及一瞳孔状况;以及
依据该眨眼状况、该视轴辐辏状况和该瞳孔状况中至少其中之一来判断该用户是否出现一视觉疲劳。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,侦测该眨眼状况包含侦测该用户的一自发性眨眼率、一眨眼间距、一眨眼长度、一眨眼力道,及/或一完全眨眼次数。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,侦测该视轴辐辏状况包含侦测该用户的一注视偏差程度及/或一注视偏差变化。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,侦测该瞳孔状况包含侦测该用户的一瞳孔大小、一瞳孔反应时间,及/或一瞳孔大小的变化频率。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包含:
当判定该用户出现该视觉疲劳时,刺激该用户眨眼或发出一警示信息。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,刺激该用户眨眼包含对该用户双眼喷气或刺激该用户双眼的光感受器。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,该警示信息包含一影像信息、一语音消息、一震动信息,或一嗅觉信息。
8.一种可监控视觉疲劳的光学系统,其特征在于,包含:
一视觉疲劳侦测模块,用来侦测一用户的一眨眼状况、一视轴辐辏状况,以及一瞳孔状况;以及
一视觉疲劳分析模块,用来依据该眨眼状况、该视轴辐辏状况和该瞳孔状况中至少其中之一来判断该用户是否出现一视觉疲劳。
9.如权利要求8所述的光学系统,其特征在于,该视觉疲劳侦测模块侦测该用户的一自发性眨眼率、一眨眼间距,一眨眼长度、一眨眼力道,及/或一完全眨眼次数以提供该眨眼状况。
10.如权利要求8所述的光学系统,其特征在于,该视觉疲劳侦测模块侦测该用户的一注视偏差程度及/或一注视偏差变化以提供该视轴辐辏状况。
11.如权利要求8所述的光学系统,其特征在于,该视觉疲劳侦测模块侦测该用户的一瞳孔大小、一瞳孔反应时间,及/或一瞳孔大小的变化频率以提供该瞳孔状况。
12.如权利要求8所述的光学系统,其特征在于,还包含:
一眨眼促进模块,用来在当该视觉疲劳分析模块判定该用户出现该视觉疲劳时刺激该用户眨眼。
13.如权利要求8所述的光学系统,其特征在于,还包含:
一视觉疲劳警示模块,用来在当该视觉疲劳分析模块判定该用户出现该视觉疲劳时发出一警示信息。
14.如权利要求8所述的光学系统,其特征在于,该视觉疲劳侦测模块包含一光学式瞳位追踪眼动仪、一红外线眼动图法眼动仪、一红外线眼部热像仪,或一生理信号传感器。
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