CN111386790A - Method for identifying low-temperature germination capacity of direct-seeded rice in cold region - Google Patents
Method for identifying low-temperature germination capacity of direct-seeded rice in cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN111386790A CN111386790A CN202010335196.5A CN202010335196A CN111386790A CN 111386790 A CN111386790 A CN 111386790A CN 202010335196 A CN202010335196 A CN 202010335196A CN 111386790 A CN111386790 A CN 111386790A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
- A01C1/025—Testing seeds for determining their viability or germination capacity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rice breeding, in particular to a method for identifying the low-temperature germination capacity of cold-region direct-seeded rice, when accelerating germination and when the seeds just appear white, the seeds are germinated at low temperature, variable temperature treatment is adopted to simulate the average low-temperature change of the germination period of the direct-seeding rice under natural conditions, carrying out germination control at proper temperature with the same variety, calculating the relative germination rate of the variety, establishing the evaluation index of the low-temperature germination capacity of the seeds suitable for direct seeding of the rice in the cold region, the identification method has strong referential of identification results, large processable quantity in the same batch, good repeatability, combines the actual field performance of the varieties at the early stage, the method can well evaluate the low-temperature germination capacity of different rice varieties, and can provide germplasm resources suitable for direct seeding and direct seeding rice breeding for the cold rice area under the natural condition that the available activity temperature in the cold rice area is limited.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice breeding, in particular to a method for identifying low-temperature germination capacity of direct-seeded rice in cold regions.
Background
In recent years, the method is influenced by factors such as large-scale labor transfer in rural areas, aging population, rising labor production cost and the like, so that the simple, cost-saving and efficient cold-region rice direct seeding cultivation technology is rapidly developed, and the direct seeding rice area is enlarged year by year. The cold region rice area is positioned in the north of 45 degrees of north latitude, the cold region rice area is cold and long in winter, the temperature is back-warmed in spring, the climate characteristics directly influence the seedling rate of the rice after direct seeding and sowing, the quality of the rice seedlings and other key production problems, and the low temperature stress also becomes one of important abiotic stresses faced by direct seeding rice production. The low-temperature bud stage capacity of the direct-seeded rice is an important factor influencing the growth and development of the direct-seeded rice, and is not only related to whether the direct-seeded rice can grow early and grow quickly in the early growth stage, but also closely related to the cold resistance of the booting heading stage and the flowering stage. Therefore, the identification and screening of the varieties with strong low-temperature germination capacity have important significance for direct seeding rice production.
The existing method for identifying cold resistance in the bud stage generally adopts a constant temperature incubator to treat a certain amount of rice seeds which are 5mm in bud at a low temperature of 5-10 ℃, takes out the rice seeds after a certain number of days of treatment and places the rice seeds under the condition of room temperature illumination to recover normal growth, and evaluates the cold resistance in the bud stage of the rice in a grading way by calculating the seedling rate of the treated seeds. The identification method is greatly different from the seeding condition and the seed development condition of the direct-seeding rice in the actual cold area, so the evaluation method cannot completely serve the actual production, and the defects comprise: 1. when the cold direct-seeding rice is sowed, accelerating germination is carried out, after the accelerating germination is just exposed to the white or the length of the bud is less than 1mm, the seeds are dried in the shade for standby, if the accelerating germination length reaches 5mm, the sowing machinery is not favorable for seeding, and the bud breaking is easily caused when the seeds are dried in the shade and turned over to dry, so that the activity of the seeds is influenced. 2. The cold-region direct-seeding rice is generally sown in the first ten days of 5 months, the soil temperature is stabilized above 10 ℃ in the period, if the treatment temperature is unchanged at 5-10 ℃ for a long time, the method is only suitable for screening extreme materials, but does not accord with practical production conditions, and the application of a plurality of excellent varieties and germplasm resources in direct-seeding rice breeding can be greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides the identification method of the low-temperature germination capacity of the direct-seeded rice variety, which is more scientific and reasonable and accords with the production practice of the direct-seeded rice, and the identification method has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, large number of same-batch processing, good repeatability, strong referential property of an identification result and the like, so that more varieties suitable for direct seeding are selected, the identification method is suitable for parent selection, germplasm resource selection, cold-resistant property improvement and the like of direct-seeded rice breeding, and has important significance for the direct-seeded rice breeding.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for identifying the low-temperature germination capacity of direct-seeded rice in cold regions comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of seeds:
putting the rice seeds into a constant-temperature drying box, and treating for at least 48 hours at 40-50 ℃ to break seed dormancy;
(2) seed disinfection and selection:
placing the treated seeds into a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, shaking the seeds in a shaking table for at least 20min for disinfection, washing the disinfected seeds with sterile water for 4-5 times, and naturally drying the seeds;
selecting plump seeds without surface disease spots, taking 200 selected seeds, and dividing into two parts, wherein one part is used for low-temperature germination treatment, and the other part is used for no-low-temperature germination treatment control;
(3) accelerating germination:
placing the two seeds into a culture dish filled with filter paper, adding clear water to submerge the seeds, then placing the seeds into a constant-temperature incubator, and carrying out dark culture at 30 ℃ until most of the seeds are broken and exposed to white, and the bud length is not more than 1 mm;
(4) temperature-changing culture:
transferring the culture dish for low-temperature germination treatment to a temperature-controllable incubator for 12d, raising the temperature by 1 ℃ every two days, raising the temperature from 10 ℃ to 15 ℃, and controlling the low-temperature culture time and temperature as shown in the following table 2; culturing the culture dish without the low-temperature germination treatment control in a constant temperature environment of 20 ℃ for 7 d;
TABLE 2 Low temperature incubation time and temperature control
| Time of day | Temperature of |
| 1d to 2d | 10℃ |
| 3 rd to 4 th | 11℃ |
| 5 th to 6 th d | 12℃ |
| 7 th to 8 th | 13℃ |
| 9 th to 10 th | 14℃ |
| 11d th to 12d th | 15℃ |
The two seeds are treated by changing water once every day, mildewed seeds are found and cleaned in time, and when severe mildewed seeds are encountered and cleaning is difficult, culture dishes need to be changed.
(5) Calculating the relative germination rate:
taking the bud length of the rice seeds exceeding half of the length of the seeds or the root length exceeding the length of the seeds as a germination standard, and calculating the relative germination rate according to the following method:
low temperature germination percentage (%) (number of seeds germinated at low temperature/100) × 100
Control germination percentage (%) - (control number of germinated seeds/100) × 100
Relative germination rate (%) (low-temperature germination rate/control germination rate) × 100;
(6) evaluation of Low-temperature Germination Capacity:
evaluating the low-temperature germination capacity according to the relative germination rate calculated in the step (5); the grading standard of the low-temperature germination capacity of the direct-seeding rice is shown in table 1, and because the limited available activity accumulated temperature of the cold-region rice area is combined with the characteristics of direct-seeding cultivation methods applied in the current production, specific yield composition factors of the direct-seeding rice and the like, the low-temperature germination capacity of rice varieties suitable for direct-seeding cultivation in the cold-region rice area or available rice resources is required to be extremely strong or strong, so that the grading standard can be matched with the current production.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for identifying the low-temperature germination period capability of cold-region direct-seeded rice, which is fit with the production practice of cold-region direct-seeded rice in various aspects such as preparation before rice seed treatment, low-temperature treatment operation, low-temperature germination capability evaluation of rice seeds and the like, and has the following advantages:
1. according to the actual condition of direct seeding of rice, the damaged germination rate is obviously reduced when the germination length is more than 1mm, so that the low-temperature treatment is started when the germination is performed until the germination is just exposed to the white or the germination length is less than 1mm, the germination accelerating time is shortened, and the identification result is more targeted and representative.
2. According to the production practice of the cold-region direct-seeding rice, the temperature treatment of the invention adopts variable temperature treatment to simulate the change of the average ground temperature of the direct-seeding rice in the germination period under natural conditions, and the treatment mode widens the range of available rice germplasm resources to a certain extent.
3. And during low-temperature treatment, the same variety is subjected to germination control at a proper temperature for calculating the relative germination rate of the variety, and the influence of the self germination rate of the variety on the low-temperature germination rate is eliminated as much as possible.
4. The evaluation index of the low-temperature germination capacity of the seeds suitable for direct seeding of the rice in the cold region is formulated, the low-temperature germination capacity is divided into 5 grades according to the relative germination rate, the low-temperature germination capacity among different rice varieties can be well compared and evaluated, and the low-temperature germination capacity can be further compared according to the germination vigor of 7 days when the grades are the same.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The method disclosed by the invention is used for identifying the low-temperature germination capacity of 15 rice varieties in examples 1-15, evaluating whether the rice varieties are suitable for direct seeding cultivation in cold regions, and verifying the evaluation effect of the identification method disclosed by the invention on germplasm suitable for direct seeding of rice by combining with the performance of a field test in the early stage.
Example 1: rice variety: pine and round-grained nonglutinous acid 9.
Example 2: rice variety: sanjiang No. 6.
Example 3: rice variety: 5, Longdao rice.
Example 4: rice variety: longjing 21.
Example 5: rice variety: longjing 31.
Example 6: rice variety: longjing 47.
Example 7: rice variety: dongnong 422.
Example 8: rice variety: longqing rice 3.
Example 9: rice variety: shennong 265.
Example 10: rice variety: and (5) the Amblyseius japonica 15.
Example 11: rice variety: wuyou rice 4.
Example 12: rice variety: jijing 88.
Example 13: rice variety: jijing 515.
Example 14: rice variety: dragon ocean 16.
Example 15: rice variety: the brighter the light.
Examples 1-15 were each tested according to the following procedure:
(1) pretreatment of seeds:
putting the rice seeds into a constant-temperature drying oven, and treating for 48h at 45 ℃ to break seed dormancy;
(2) seed disinfection and selection:
placing the treated seeds into a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, shaking the seeds in a shaking table for at least 20min for disinfection, washing the disinfected seeds with sterile water for 4-5 times, and naturally drying the seeds;
selecting plump seeds without surface disease spots, taking 200 selected seeds, and dividing into two parts, wherein one part is used for low-temperature germination treatment, and the other part is used for no-low-temperature germination treatment control; three replicates per treatment setup;
(3) accelerating germination:
placing the two seeds into a culture dish filled with filter paper, adding clear water to submerge the seeds, then placing the seeds into a constant-temperature incubator, and carrying out dark culture at 30 ℃ until most of the seeds are broken and exposed to white, and the bud length is not more than 1 mm;
(4) temperature-changing culture:
transferring the culture dish for low-temperature germination treatment to a temperature-controllable incubator for 12d, raising the temperature by 1 ℃ every two days, raising the temperature from 10 ℃ to 15 ℃, and controlling the low-temperature culture time and temperature as shown in table 2; culturing the culture dish without the low-temperature germination treatment control in a constant temperature environment of 20 ℃ for 7 d;
the two seeds are treated by changing water once every day, mildewed seeds are found and cleaned in time, and when severe mildewed seeds are encountered and cleaning is difficult, culture dishes need to be changed.
(5) Calculating the relative germination rate:
taking the bud length of the rice seeds exceeding half of the length of the seeds or the root length exceeding the length of the seeds as a germination standard, and calculating the relative germination rate according to the following method:
low temperature germination percentage (%) (number of seeds germinated at low temperature/100) × 100
Control germination percentage (%) - (control number of germinated seeds/100) × 100
Relative germination rate (%) (low-temperature germination rate/control germination rate) × 100;
(6) evaluation of Low-temperature Germination Capacity:
evaluating the low-temperature germination capacity according to the relative germination rate calculated in the step (5); the grading standards of the low-temperature germination capacity of the direct-seeded rice are shown in table 1.
Test results and analysis:
the low-temperature germination capacities of different rice varieties obtained by the method are shown in the following table 3;
TABLE 3 Low temperature Germination Capacity of different Rice varieties
Test results show that the varieties with low-temperature germination capacity of grade 1 and strong cold resistance in 15 tested varieties comprise No. 6 Sanjiang and No. 3 Longqing rice; the varieties with the low-temperature germination capacity of 2 grade and strong cold resistance comprise Longjing 31, Longjing 47 and Longyang 16; the low-temperature germination capacity is grade 3, and the varieties in the cold tolerance capacity comprise pine japonica 9, Longdao 5, Longdao 21, Wuyou rice 4 and Yuguang; the varieties with low-temperature germination capacity of grade 4 and extremely weak cold tolerance comprise Suizhijing 15 and Jijing 88; the varieties with low-temperature germination capacity of grade 5 and extremely weak cold resistance are Dongnong 422, Shennong 265 and Jijing 515. The test result is consistent with the germination characteristics of the varieties in field production in direct seeding cultivation, and the varieties suitable for direct seeding cultivation in cold rice areas comprise No. 6 Sanjiang, No. 3 Longqing rice, No. 31 Longjing, No. 47 Longjing and Longyang 16. The varieties with certain risks in direct seeding cultivation comprise Songjing 9, Longdao 5, Longjing 21, Wuyou 4 and Yuguang, while the varieties of Suizhong 15, Jijing 88, Dongnong 422, Shennong 265 and Jijing 515 are not suitable for direct seeding.
The identification method is simple and convenient to operate, large in treatable quantity in the same batch and good in repeatability, and can well evaluate the low-temperature germination capacity of different rice varieties by combining the actual field performance of the varieties at the early stage. The identification result has strong referential property, and can be provided for screening varieties suitable for direct seeding and germplasm resources suitable for direct seeding rice breeding in a cold region rice region under the natural condition that the available activity accumulated temperature in the cold region rice region is limited.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiment according to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for identifying the low-temperature germination capacity of direct-seeded rice in cold regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of seeds:
putting the rice seeds into a constant-temperature drying box, and treating for at least 48 hours at 40-50 ℃;
(2) seed disinfection and selection:
placing the treated seeds into a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, shaking the seeds in a shaking table for at least 20min for disinfection, washing the disinfected seeds with sterile water for 4-5 times, and naturally drying the seeds;
selecting plump seeds without surface disease spots, taking 200 selected seeds, and dividing into two parts, wherein one part is used for low-temperature germination treatment, and the other part is used for no-low-temperature germination treatment control;
(3) accelerating germination:
placing the two seeds into a culture dish filled with filter paper, adding clear water to submerge the seeds, then placing the seeds into a constant-temperature incubator, and carrying out dark culture at 30 ℃ until most of the seeds are broken and exposed to white, and the bud length is not more than 1 mm;
(4) temperature-changing culture:
transferring the culture dish for low-temperature germination treatment to a temperature-controllable incubator for 12d, raising the temperature by 1 ℃ every two days, and raising the temperature from 10 ℃ to 15 ℃ all the time; culturing the culture dish without the low-temperature germination treatment control in a constant temperature environment of 20 ℃ for 7 d;
(5) calculating the relative germination rate:
taking the bud length of the rice seeds exceeding half of the length of the seeds or the root length exceeding the length of the seeds as a germination standard, and calculating the relative germination rate according to the following method:
low temperature germination percentage (%) (number of seeds germinated at low temperature/100) × 100
Control germination percentage (%) - (control number of germinated seeds/100) × 100
Relative germination rate (%) (low-temperature germination rate/control germination rate) × 100;
(6) evaluation of Low-temperature Germination Capacity:
evaluating the low-temperature germination capacity according to the relative germination rate calculated in the step (5); the grading standard of the low-temperature germination capacity of the direct-seeded rice is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 grading Standard of Low-temperature Germination Capacity of direct-seeded Rice
The rice variety with strong and extremely strong low-temperature germination capacity is a rice variety suitable for direct seeding cultivation in cold regions due to maturity.
2. The method for identifying the low-temperature germination capacity of the direct-seeded rice in the cold region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two seeds in the step (4) are treated by changing water once a day, mildewed seeds are found and cleaned in time, and when severe mildewed seeds are encountered and cleaning is difficult, culture dishes need to be changed.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112544371A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-26 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for identifying low temperature resistance of maize inbred line in germination period |
| CN113079739A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 中国水稻研究所 | Pretreatment and sowing method of rice seed ropes |
| CN113348999A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-07 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Comprehensive weed prevention and control method for direct seeding paddy field in cold area |
| CN114190132A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-18 | 沈阳师范大学 | Method for evaluating cold resistance of rice in bud stage |
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| CN103493621A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2014-01-08 | 江西省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for precisely identifying and evaluating cold resistance of rice in germination stage |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114190132A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-18 | 沈阳师范大学 | Method for evaluating cold resistance of rice in bud stage |
| CN112544371A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-26 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for identifying low temperature resistance of maize inbred line in germination period |
| CN113079739A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 中国水稻研究所 | Pretreatment and sowing method of rice seed ropes |
| CN113348999A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-07 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | Comprehensive weed prevention and control method for direct seeding paddy field in cold area |
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Application publication date: 20200710 |