CN111384424A - Lignin-based complex electrolyte for aqueous zinc-ion battery and aqueous zinc-ion battery based on same - Google Patents
Lignin-based complex electrolyte for aqueous zinc-ion battery and aqueous zinc-ion battery based on same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of water-system zinc ion batteries, and discloses lignin-based compound electrolyte for a water-system zinc ion battery and the water-system zinc ion battery based on the lignin-based compound electrolyte. The lignin-based compound electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of modified lignin; 150-100000 parts of water-phase electrolyte (a mixed solution of water-soluble zinc salt and water-soluble manganese salt). The lignin-based compound electrolyte is applied to a water-based zinc ion battery, can inhibit side reaction of a positive electrode to a certain extent, reduces corrosion of a zinc negative electrode, and simultaneously regulates and controls zinc ions to be uniformly dissolved and deposited on the surface of the zinc negative electrode in the charging and discharging process so as to inhibit formation and growth of zinc dendrites, thereby greatly improving the multiplying power and the cycle performance of the water-based zinc ion battery. In addition, the lignin provided by the invention is wide in source, renewable and low in price, is beneficial to developing a green and environment-friendly water system zinc ion battery with excellent performance and low cost, and can assist in the smooth implementation of future large-scale energy storage systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water-system zinc ion batteries, and particularly relates to a lignin-based compound electrolyte for a water-system zinc ion battery and a water-system zinc ion battery based on the lignin-based compound electrolyte.
Background
Currently, the development of a large energy storage system (LSESS) with high energy density, long service life, safety, low cost and environmental friendliness is an important direction for realizing sustainable development of human society. Water-based batteries are most promising for the establishment of LSESS due to their high electrolyte safety and low manufacturing cost. However, commercial water-based batteries, such as lead-acid batteries, nickel-chromium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and the like, all risk heavy metal contamination and corrosion damage due to leakage, while these batteries have low energy density and short cycle life. Therefore, development of a novel aqueous battery is of great significance for successful utilization of green and renewable energy. Among many water-based batteries, a rechargeable water-based zinc ion battery (reazob) with high capacity and energy density is most promising to be commercialized, but the problems of corrosion of a zinc negative electrode, zinc dendrite growth and the like are also required to be solved so as to further improve the rate performance, cycle life, stability and the like.
Zhang et al (Nature Communications,2017,8:405.) found Zn (CF)3SO3)2With a small amount of Mn (CF)3SO3)2The mixed aqueous solution is used as electrolyte, and can effectively inhibit the formation of zinc dendrites, thereby greatly improving the cycle performance of the ReAZIB, but the electrolyte is too expensive; zhang et al (Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2018,6(26):12237-4With a small amount of MnSO4The xanthan gum is added into the mixed aqueous solution, and the obtained colloidal electrolyte can reduce the corrosion of a zinc cathode to a certain degree and inhibit the growth of zinc dendrites, but can cause the over-quick loss of the initial capacity of the ReAZIB; some other scholars use nano CaCO3(Advanced Energy Materials,2018,8(25):1801090.) or nano TiO2(Advanced Materials Interfaces,2018,5(16):1800848.) coating on the surface of zinc negative electrode can reduce zincThe negative electrode corrodes and inhibits zinc dendrite growth, but the adopted complex coating technology tends to greatly increase the manufacturing cost and difficulty of the ReAZIB. In contrast, the solution of the difficulties faced by ReAZIB through electrolyte additives has a great significance for the commercialization thereof, but it is far from the task to develop high-performance and inexpensive electrolyte additives suitable for ReAZIB.
The industrial lignin is mainly derived from industrial wastes such as pulping and papermaking, cellulosic ethanol, wood hydrolysis and the like, the annual output is as high as 7000 ten thousand tons, but the utilization rate is less than 5 percent, and the rest of the industrial lignin is used as low-value fuel or directly discarded, so that huge resource waste and serious environmental pollution are caused. In recent years, the development and utilization of industrial lignin with high value have been receiving more and more extensive attention and research. It has been shown that lignosulfonate or sulfonated lignin can complex Pb2+And utilizes the three-dimensional network structure thereof to regulate and control PbSO4The crystal is uniformly deposited and dissolved out on the surface of the lead cathode, so that the capacity and the service life of the lead-acid battery are improved. This shows that the complexation of lignin derivatives to metal ions and their unique three-dimensional network structure can regulate the deposition and dissolution behavior of metal ions. Whereas in ReAZIB, zinc dendrites are formed primarily from Zn2+Uneven deposition and dissolution on the surface of the zinc cathode; it has been shown that the phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in lignin derivatives molecule are Zn2+Has good complexing effect, and the adsorption on the surface of the metal material can prevent the material from being corroded. Thus, lignin-based additives are expected to control Zn2+The zinc oxide is uniformly deposited and dissolved on the surface of the zinc cathode, the formation and growth of zinc dendrites are inhibited, the corrosion of the zinc cathode is reduced, and the electrochemical performance of the ReAZIB is improved, so that the method has important theoretical guidance significance for the high-valued application of lignin in a rechargeable aqueous battery.
Due to poor water solubility of alkali lignin, enzymatic lignin, organic solvent lignin and steam explosion lignin, negatively charged functional groups in lignosulfonate, sulfonated lignin and carboxylated lignin molecules are Zn-bonded2+Shielding, which makes them difficult to dissolve in aqueous zinc ion salt solutions. Therefore, it is first necessary to modify the surface of the substrate by chemical modificationAnd (3) performing a sexual reaction, namely inoculating a hydroxyl group and an ammonium (amine) group functional group into the lignin to ensure that the lignin is well dissolved in the aqueous electrolyte, so as to obtain the lignin-based compound electrolyte and the aqueous zinc ion battery using the electrolyte.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the primary object of the present invention is to provide a lignin-based complex electrolyte for an aqueous zinc-ion battery.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous zinc-ion battery based on the lignin-based complex electrolyte.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a lignin-based compound electrolyte for a water-based zinc ion battery is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of modified lignin;
150-100000 parts of water-phase electrolyte.
The modified lignin comprises at least one of modified products which are obtained by taking lignosulfonate, sulfonated lignin, carboxylated lignin, alkali lignin, enzymatic hydrolysis lignin, organic solvent lignin and steam explosion lignin as main raw materials and grafting hydroxyl and ammonium (amine) functional groups into the modified lignin through chemical modification.
The modified lignin comprises at least one of hydroxylated lignin sulfonate, ammonium (amine) lignosulfonate, hydroxylated sulfonated lignin, ammonium (amine) sulfonated lignin, hydroxylated carboxylated lignin, ammonium (amine) carboxylated lignin, hydroxylated alkali lignin, ammonium (amine) basic lignin, hydroxylating enzyme-hydrolyzed lignin, ammonium (amine) enzymatic hydrolyzed lignin, hydroxylated organic solvent lignin, ammonium (amine) basic organic solvent lignin, hydroxylated steam explosion lignin and ammonium (amine) basic steam explosion lignin, and the dosage of each component can be any proportion.
The lignin-based compound electrolyte is prepared by mixing and stirring modified lignin and water-phase electrolyte until the modified lignin is fully dissolved.
The pH value of the lignin-based compound electrolyte is 2-7.
The pH value of the lignin-based compound electrolyte is preferably 3.5-6.
The water-phase electrolyte is formed by mixing water-soluble zinc salt and water-soluble manganese salt.
The water-soluble zinc salt comprises at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc iodide, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate and zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate; the water-soluble manganese salt comprises at least one of manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, manganese bromide, manganese iodide, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate and manganese trifluoromethanesulfonate; the water-soluble zinc salt and the water-soluble manganese salt can be matched at will.
The water-soluble zinc salt is preferably zinc sulfate and zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate; the water-soluble manganese salt is preferably manganese sulfate and manganese trifluoromethanesulfonate.
The concentration of the water-soluble zinc salt in the water-phase electrolyte is 0.1-15 mol/L, and the concentration of the water-soluble manganese salt is 0.01-2 mol/L.
The concentration of the water-soluble zinc salt is preferably 1-6 mol/L.
The invention also provides an aqueous zinc ion battery containing the lignin-based compound electrolyte.
The water system zinc ion battery comprises a battery shell, a pole core and electrolyte, wherein the pole core and the electrolyte are sealed in the battery shell, the pole core comprises a positive pole capable of reacting with zinc ions, a zinc negative pole and a diaphragm positioned between the positive pole and the negative pole, and the electrolyte is lignin-based compound electrolyte as described above.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows:
according to the invention, the lignin-based compound electrolyte is applied to the water-based zinc ion battery, so that the rate capability and the cycle performance of the battery can be obviously improved. The modified lignin has hydroxyl and ammonium functional groups, and can provide Zn with strong hydrophilicity and no electropositivity2+Shielding to ensure that the electrolyte is well dissolved in the aqueous electrolyte; the benzene ring structure in the modified lignin can generate cation-pi interaction with the anode, so that uniform ion can be formed on the surface of the anodeA lignin adsorption layer that inhibits side reactions in the positive electrode to some extent; hydroxyl and ammonium (amine) functional groups in the modified lignin can generate hydrogen bond interaction with the surface of the zinc cathode in aqueous electrolyte, so that a uniform lignin adsorption layer is formed on the surface of the zinc cathode, the corrosion of the electrolyte to the zinc cathode can be inhibited, and zinc ions can be uniformly dissolved out and deposited on the surface of the zinc cathode in the charging and discharging process of the battery by utilizing the three-dimensional network structure of the modified lignin and the complexing action of the modified lignin on the zinc ions, so that the formation and growth of zinc dendrites are inhibited. Therefore, the lignin-based compound electrolyte can inhibit side reactions in the positive electrode and corrosion of the electrolyte to the zinc negative electrode to a certain extent, and can also significantly inhibit formation and growth of zinc dendrites, so that the rate capability and cycle performance of the water-based zinc ion battery are greatly improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the lignin-based compound electrolyte formed by compounding the modified lignin and the aqueous electrolyte in a proper proportion is applied to the water-based zinc ion battery, so that the side reaction in the positive electrode is inhibited to a certain extent, the corrosion of the electrolyte to the zinc negative electrode is reduced, and the formation and growth of zinc dendrites are obviously inhibited, so that the rate capability and the cycle performance of the water-based zinc ion battery are greatly improved, and the safety of the battery is also improved; on the other hand, the lignin provided by the invention is wide in source, renewable and low in price, and is beneficial to promoting the commercialization process of the water system zinc ion battery which is green, environment-friendly, excellent in performance and low in cost, and more suitable choices are provided for the future large-scale energy storage technology.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) and (b) are graphs of rate performance and cycle performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte of example 1, respectively.
Fig. 2(a) and (b) are graphs of rate performance and cycle performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte of example 2, respectively.
Fig. 3(a) and (b) are graphs of rate performance and cycle performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte of example 3, respectively.
Fig. 4(a) and (b) are graphs of rate performance and cycle performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte of example 4, respectively.
Fig. 5(a) and (b) are graphs of rate performance and cycle performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte of comparative example 1, respectively.
Fig. 6(a) and (b) are graphs of rate performance and cycle performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte of comparative example 2, respectively.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
1. Test electrolyte configuration and aqueous zinc ion battery assembly based thereon:
preparing a mixed aqueous solution of 2mol/L zinc sulfate and 0.3mol/L manganese sulfate, adding 200g of the mixed aqueous solution, adding 15g of ammonium alkali lignin, 15g of hydroxylation enzyme-hydrolyzed lignin, 5g of hydroxylation organic solvent lignin and 5g of amination steam explosion lignin, stirring until the lignin is completely dissolved, and then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4.5 to obtain the lignin-based compound electrolyte.
And assembling the positive electrode capable of reacting with zinc ions, the diaphragm, the lignin-based compound electrolyte and the zinc negative electrode into a battery shell to obtain the water-based zinc ion battery.
2. Preparation of reference electrolyte and assembly of water-based zinc ion battery based on the reference electrolyte:
the reference electrolyte is a mixed aqueous solution of 2mol/L zinc sulfate and 0.3mol/L manganese sulfate, and the pH value is 4.5. The assembly process of the aqueous zinc-ion battery using the reference electrolyte was the same as above.
3. And (3) electrochemical performance testing:
the water-based zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte is subjected to rate charge and discharge tests and constant current charge and discharge tests, wherein the set rate is 0.1A/g, 0.2A/g, 0.5A/g, 1A/g, 2A/g, 3A/g and 5A/g, and the set constant current density is 1.5A/g.
4. And (4) analyzing results:
as can be seen from fig. 1(a), the specific capacity of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte is significantly higher than that of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, which indicates that the rate performance is better; in addition, as can be seen from fig. 1(b), the initial specific capacity of the zinc ion battery at the current density of 1.5A/g is up to 250mAh/g, which is much higher than the initial specific capacity of 182mAh/g of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, and after 1400 times of charging and discharging at the current density, the specific capacity of the zinc ion battery is still much higher than that of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte. Therefore, the lignin-based complex electrolyte has the functions of inhibiting side reactions in the positive electrode, reducing the corrosion of the electrolyte to the zinc negative electrode, obviously inhibiting the formation and growth of zinc dendrites and the like, and can obviously improve the rate capability and the cycle performance of the water-based zinc ion battery.
Example 2
1. Test electrolyte configuration and aqueous zinc ion battery assembly based thereon:
preparing a mixed aqueous solution of 2mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate and 0.5mol/L manganese trifluoromethanesulfonate, adding 200g of the mixed aqueous solution, adding 5g of hydroxylated lignosulfonate, 5g of aminated sulfonated lignin, 5g of ammonified carboxylated lignin, 15g of hydroxylated alkali lignin and 10g of ammonified enzymatic lignin, stirring until the lignin is completely dissolved, and then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 5.0 to obtain the lignin-based compound electrolyte.
And assembling the positive electrode capable of reacting with zinc ions, the diaphragm, the lignin-based compound electrolyte and the zinc negative electrode into a battery shell to obtain the water-based zinc ion battery.
2. Preparation of reference electrolyte and assembly of water-based zinc ion battery based on the reference electrolyte:
the reference electrolyte is a mixed aqueous solution of 2mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate and 0.5mol/L manganese trifluoromethanesulfonate, and the pH value is 5.0. The assembly process of the aqueous zinc-ion battery using the reference electrolyte was the same as above.
3. And (3) electrochemical performance testing:
the water-based zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte is subjected to rate charge and discharge tests and constant current charge and discharge tests, wherein the set rate is 0.1A/g, 0.2A/g, 0.5A/g, 1A/g, 2A/g, 3A/g and 5A/g, and the set constant current density is 1.5A/g.
4. And (4) analyzing results:
as can be seen from fig. 2(a), the specific capacity of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte is significantly higher than that of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, which indicates that the rate performance is better; in addition, as can be seen from fig. 2(b), the initial specific capacity of the zinc ion battery at the current density of 1.5A/g is up to 271mAh/g, which is much higher than the initial specific capacity of 202mAh/g of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, and after 1400 times of charging and discharging at the current density, the specific capacity of the zinc ion battery is still much higher than the specific capacity of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte. Therefore, the lignin-based complex electrolyte has the functions of inhibiting side reactions in the positive electrode, reducing the corrosion of the electrolyte to the zinc negative electrode, obviously inhibiting the formation and growth of zinc dendrites and the like, and can obviously improve the rate capability and the cycle performance of the water-based zinc ion battery.
Example 3
1. Test electrolyte configuration and aqueous zinc ion battery assembly based thereon:
preparing a mixed aqueous solution of 1mol/L zinc chloride, 0.5mol/L zinc bromide, 0.5mol/L zinc iodide, 0.3mol/L manganese chloride, 0.1mol/L manganese bromide and 0.1mol/L manganese iodide, adding 200g of ammonium lignosulfonate 5g, hydroxylated sulfonated lignin 5g, hydroxylated carboxylated lignin 5g, aminated alkali lignin 15g, aminated enzymolysis lignin 10g and ammonium organic solvent lignin 10g, stirring until the lignin is completely dissolved, and then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4.3 to obtain the lignin-based compound electrolyte.
And assembling the positive electrode capable of reacting with zinc ions, the diaphragm, the lignin-based compound electrolyte and the zinc negative electrode into a battery shell to obtain the water-based zinc ion battery.
2. Preparation of reference electrolyte and assembly of water-based zinc ion battery based on the reference electrolyte:
the reference electrolyte is a mixed aqueous solution of 1mol/L zinc chloride, 0.5mol/L zinc bromide, 0.5mol/L zinc iodide, 0.3mol/L manganese chloride, 0.1mol/L manganese bromide and 0.1mol/L manganese iodide, and the pH value is 4.3. The assembly process of the aqueous zinc-ion battery using the reference electrolyte was the same as above.
3. And (3) electrochemical performance testing:
the water-based zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte is subjected to rate charge and discharge tests and constant current charge and discharge tests, wherein the set rate is 0.1A/g, 0.2A/g, 0.5A/g, 1A/g, 2A/g, 3A/g and 5A/g, and the set constant current density is 1.5A/g.
4. And (4) analyzing results:
as can be seen from fig. 3(a), the specific capacity of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte is significantly higher than that of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, which indicates that the rate performance is better; in addition, as can be seen from fig. 3(b), the initial specific capacity of the zinc ion battery at the current density of 1.5A/g is up to 249mAh/g, which is much higher than the initial specific capacity of 195mAh/g of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, and after 1400 times of charging and discharging at the current density, the specific capacity of the zinc ion battery is still much higher than that of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte. Therefore, the lignin-based complex electrolyte has the functions of inhibiting side reactions in the positive electrode, reducing the corrosion of the electrolyte to the zinc negative electrode, obviously inhibiting the formation and growth of zinc dendrites and the like, and can obviously improve the rate capability and the cycle performance of the water-based zinc ion battery.
Example 4
1. Test electrolyte configuration and aqueous zinc ion battery assembly based thereon:
preparing a mixed aqueous solution of 1mol/L zinc nitrate, 1mol/L zinc acetate, 0.5mol/L manganese nitrate and 0.5mol/L manganese acetate, adding 200g of aminated lignosulfonate, 10g of ammonium sulfonated lignin, 5g of aminated carboxylated lignin, 10g of aminated organic solvent lignin, 15g of hydroxylated steam explosion lignin and 5g of ammonium steam explosion lignin, stirring until the lignin is completely dissolved, and then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4.8 to obtain the lignin-based compound electrolyte.
And assembling the positive electrode capable of reacting with zinc ions, the diaphragm, the lignin-based compound electrolyte and the zinc negative electrode into a battery shell to obtain the water-based zinc ion battery.
2. Preparation of reference electrolyte and assembly of water-based zinc ion battery based on the reference electrolyte:
the reference electrolyte is a mixed aqueous solution of 1mol/L zinc nitrate, 1mol/L zinc acetate, 0.5mol/L manganese nitrate and 0.5mol/L manganese acetate, and the pH value is 4.8. The assembly process of the aqueous zinc-ion battery using the reference electrolyte was the same as above.
3. And (3) electrochemical performance testing:
the water-based zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte is subjected to rate charge and discharge tests and constant current charge and discharge tests, wherein the set rate is 0.1A/g, 0.2A/g, 0.5A/g, 1A/g, 2A/g, 3A/g and 5A/g, and the set constant current density is 1.5A/g.
4. And (4) analyzing results:
as can be seen from fig. 4(a), the specific capacity of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte is significantly higher than that of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, which indicates that the rate performance is better; in addition, as can be seen from fig. 4(b), the initial specific capacity of the zinc ion battery at the current density of 1.5A/g is as high as 217mAh/g, which is much higher than the initial specific capacity of 138mAh/g of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, and after 1400 times of charging and discharging at the current density, the specific capacity of the zinc ion battery is still higher than that of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte. Therefore, the lignin-based complex electrolyte has the functions of inhibiting side reactions in the positive electrode, reducing the corrosion of the electrolyte to the zinc negative electrode, obviously inhibiting the formation and growth of zinc dendrites and the like, and can obviously improve the rate capability and the cycle performance of the water-based zinc ion battery.
Comparative example 1
1. Test electrolyte configuration and aqueous zinc ion battery assembly based thereon:
preparing a mixed aqueous solution of 2.5mol/L zinc sulfate and 0.5mol/L manganese sulfate, adding 200g of the mixed aqueous solution, adding 0.05g of ammonium alkali lignin and 0.05g of hydroxylase lignin-hydrolyzing, stirring until the lignin is completely dissolved, and then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4.4 to obtain the lignin-based compound electrolyte.
And assembling the positive electrode capable of reacting with zinc ions, the diaphragm, the lignin-based compound electrolyte and the zinc negative electrode into a battery shell to obtain the water-based zinc ion battery.
2. Preparation of reference electrolyte and assembly of water-based zinc ion battery based on the reference electrolyte:
the reference electrolyte is a mixed aqueous solution of 2.5mol/L zinc sulfate and 0.5mol/L manganese sulfate, and the pH value is 4.4. The assembly process of the aqueous zinc-ion battery using the reference electrolyte was the same as above.
3. And (3) electrochemical performance testing:
the water-based zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte is subjected to rate charge and discharge tests and constant current charge and discharge tests, wherein the set rate is 0.1A/g, 0.2A/g, 0.5A/g, 1A/g, 2A/g, 3A/g and 5A/g, and the set constant current density is 1.5A/g.
4. And (4) analyzing results:
as can be seen from fig. 5(a), the specific capacity of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte is significantly lower than that of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte at the tested rate, indicating that the rate performance is worse; in addition, as can be seen from fig. 5(b), the initial specific capacity at 1.5A/g current density is about 130mAh/g, which is much lower than the initial specific capacity 185mAh/g of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, and after 1400 times of charging and discharging at this current density, the specific capacity is still lower than that of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte. This indicates that, when the amount of the modified lignin added is less than 0.1% by mass of the aqueous electrolyte, the lignin-based complex electrolyte does not have the functions of suppressing the side reaction in the positive electrode, reducing the corrosion of the electrolyte to the zinc negative electrode, and suppressing the formation and growth of zinc dendrites, but a small amount of the modified lignin adversely affects the performance, resulting in a significant decrease in the rate capability and cycle performance of the aqueous zinc ion battery.
Comparative example 2
1. Test electrolyte configuration and aqueous zinc ion battery assembly based thereon:
preparing a mixed aqueous solution of 1.5mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate and 0.1mol/L manganese trifluoromethanesulfonate, adding 200g of the mixed aqueous solution, adding 80g of ammonium lignosulfonate and 80g of hydroxylated organic solvent lignin, stirring until the lignin is completely dissolved, and then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 4.9 to obtain the lignin-based compound electrolyte.
And assembling the positive electrode capable of reacting with zinc ions, the diaphragm, the lignin-based compound electrolyte and the zinc negative electrode into a battery shell to obtain the water-based zinc ion battery.
2. Preparation of reference electrolyte and assembly of water-based zinc ion battery based on the reference electrolyte:
the reference electrolyte is a mixed aqueous solution of 1.5mol/L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate and 0.1mol/L manganese trifluoromethanesulfonate, and the pH value is 4.9. The assembly process of the aqueous zinc-ion battery using the reference electrolyte was the same as above.
3. And (3) electrochemical performance testing:
the water-based zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte and the reference electrolyte is subjected to rate charge and discharge tests and constant current charge and discharge tests, wherein the set rate is 0.1A/g, 0.2A/g, 0.5A/g, 1A/g, 2A/g, 3A/g and 5A/g, and the set constant current density is 1.5A/g.
4. And (4) analyzing results:
as can be seen from fig. 6(a), the specific capacity of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the test electrolyte is significantly lower than that of the aqueous zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte at the tested rate, indicating that the rate performance is worse; in addition, as can be seen from fig. 6(b), the initial specific capacity at 1.5A/g current density is about 70mAh/g, which is much lower than the initial specific capacity 155mAh/g of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte, and after 1400 times of charging and discharging at this current density, the specific capacity is still lower than that of the water-based zinc ion battery using the reference electrolyte. This indicates that when the amount of the modified lignin added is much higher than 66.7% of the mass of the aqueous electrolyte, the ionic conductivity of the lignin-based complex electrolyte may be greatly reduced, so that the lignin-based complex electrolyte does not have the functions of suppressing the side reaction in the positive electrode, reducing the corrosion of the electrolyte to the zinc negative electrode, and suppressing the formation and growth of zinc dendrites, and the excessive modified lignin is adversely affected, thereby significantly reducing the rate capability and cycle performance of the aqueous zinc ion battery.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A lignin-based compound electrolyte for a water-based zinc ion battery is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of modified lignin;
150-100000 parts of water-phase electrolyte.
2. The lignin-based complex electrolyte for an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the modified lignin comprises at least one of modified products which are obtained by taking lignosulfonate, sulfonated lignin, carboxylated lignin, alkali lignin, enzymatic hydrolysis lignin, organic solvent lignin and steam explosion lignin as main raw materials and grafting hydroxyl and ammonium (amine) functional groups into the modified lignin through chemical modification.
3. The lignin-based complex electrolyte for an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the modified lignin comprises at least one of hydroxylated lignin sulfonate, ammonium (amine) sulfonated lignin, hydroxylated sulfonated lignin, ammonium (amine) sulfonated lignin, hydroxylated carboxylated lignin, ammonium (amine) carboxylated lignin, hydroxylated alkali lignin, ammonium (amine) alkylated alkali lignin, hydroxylating enzyme delignification, ammonium (amine) enzymolyzed lignin, hydroxylated organic solvent lignin, ammonium (amine) esterified organic solvent lignin, hydroxylated steam explosion lignin and ammonium (amine) alkylated steam explosion lignin.
4. The lignin-based complex electrolyte for an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the lignin-based compound electrolyte is prepared by mixing and stirring modified lignin and water-phase electrolyte until the modified lignin is fully dissolved.
5. The lignin-based complex electrolyte for an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the pH value of the lignin-based compound electrolyte is 2-7.
6. The lignin-based complex electrolyte for an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the water-phase electrolyte is formed by mixing and dissolving water-soluble zinc salt and water-soluble manganese salt.
7. The lignin-based complex electrolyte for an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 6, wherein: the water-soluble zinc salt comprises at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc bromide, zinc iodide, zinc nitrate, zinc acetate and zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate; the water-soluble manganese salt comprises at least one of manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, manganese bromide, manganese iodide, manganese nitrate, manganese acetate and manganese trifluoromethanesulfonate.
8. The lignin-based complex electrolyte for an aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 6, wherein: the concentration of the water-soluble zinc salt in the water-phase electrolyte is 0.1-15 mol/L, and the concentration of the water-soluble manganese salt is 0.01-2 mol/L.
9. An aqueous zinc-ion battery comprising the lignin-based complex electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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