CN111381175A - Battery power monitoring circuit of electric bicycle - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电动自行车电池电量监控电路，属于电动车技术领域，包括采样电路、滤波电路和甄别电路，解决了采用模块化电路设计监控电动车电池电量的的技术问题，本发明采用逻辑电路直接测量电动车电池电量，并采用指示灯显示电量，可以直观的观察到电池的剩余电量值，本发明采用电路实现电池电量的监控，不需要单片机和AD芯片，可以通用与各种电动车电池的检测，成本低，接线方便。
The invention discloses an electric bicycle battery power monitoring circuit, which belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles, and includes a sampling circuit, a filter circuit and a discrimination circuit, and solves the technical problem of using a modular circuit design to monitor the electric vehicle battery power. The circuit directly measures the battery power of the electric vehicle, and the indicator light is used to display the power, and the remaining power value of the battery can be observed intuitively. Battery detection, low cost, easy wiring.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电动车技术领域，尤其涉及一种电动自行车电池电量监控电路。The invention belongs to the technical field of electric bicycles, and in particular relates to an electric bicycle battery power monitoring circuit.
背景技术Background technique
电动车电池为电动车的核心能源供给，对电动车电池的监控是电动车控制系统中重要的一个环节，传统的电动车监控电路均采用采样电阻和AD配合的方式实现电动车的监控，但是由于AD需要单片机等微控制器读取其转换值，这就使得电动车的监控电路必须经过厂家的编程后才能使用，而各个厂家采用的单片机型号均不同，使得各个厂家生产的电动车单片机中的程序各不相同，甚至是一个厂家的各种不同型号的电动车采用的AD转换程序也不相同，无法形成模块化的生产。The electric vehicle battery is the core energy supply of the electric vehicle. The monitoring of the electric vehicle battery is an important part of the electric vehicle control system. The traditional electric vehicle monitoring circuit adopts the sampling resistance and AD coordination to realize the electric vehicle monitoring, but Since AD requires microcontrollers such as single-chip microcomputers to read its conversion values, the monitoring circuit of electric vehicles must be programmed by the manufacturer before it can be used, and the models of single-chip microcomputers used by various manufacturers are different, which makes the single-chip microcomputers of electric vehicles produced by various manufacturers. The procedures are different, and even the AD conversion procedures used by different models of electric vehicles of a manufacturer are not the same, so modular production cannot be formed.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提供一种电动自行车电池电量监控电路，解决了采用模块化电路设计监控电动车电池电量的的技术问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric bicycle battery power monitoring circuit, which solves the technical problem of using a modular circuit design to monitor the electric bicycle battery power.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种电动自行车电池电量监控电路，包括采样电路、滤波电路和甄别电路；An electric bicycle battery power monitoring circuit, comprising a sampling circuit, a filtering circuit and a screening circuit;
采样电路包括电阻R1和电阻R2，电阻R1的一端连接电动车电池的正极、另一端通过电阻R2连接地线；The sampling circuit includes a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the positive electrode of the electric vehicle battery, and the other end is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R2;
滤波电路包括运放IC1、电阻R5、电阻R3、电阻R4、电容C1、运放 IC2、电容C2和电阻R9，电阻R2和电阻R1的连接节点连接运放IC1的正输入端，运放IC1的负输入端通过电阻R3连接电容C1的一端，电容C1的另一端连接运放IC2的正输入端，运放IC2的正输入端还通过电阻R9连接地线，电阻R3与电容C1的连接节点还通过电容C2连接地线，运放IC2的负输入端连接运放IC2的输出端，运放IC2的输出端还通过电阻R4连接电阻R3和电容C1的连接节点，运放IC1的输出端通过电阻R5连接运放IC1的负输入端；The filter circuit includes op amp IC1, resistor R5, resistor R3, resistor R4, capacitor C1, op amp IC2, capacitor C2 and resistor R9. The connection node of resistor R2 and resistor R1 is connected to the positive input terminal of op amp IC1. The negative input terminal is connected to one end of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R3, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier IC2. The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier IC2 is also connected to the ground wire through the resistor R9. Connect the ground wire through the capacitor C2, the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier IC2 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier IC2, the output terminal of the operational amplifier IC2 is also connected to the connection node of the resistor R3 and the capacitor C1 through the resistor R4, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected through the resistor R4. R5 is connected to the negative input of the operational amplifier IC1;
甄别电路包括反相器U1A、反相器U1B、反相器U1C、反相器U1D、反相器U1E、电阻R6、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12、电阻R13、LED 灯D2、LED灯D3、LED灯D4、LED灯D5、电阻R7、电阻R8、电阻R16、电阻R17、电阻R15、电阻R14和场效应管Q1，运放IC1的输出端连接二极管D1的正极，二极管D1的负极连接反相器U1A的输入端，反相器U1A 的输入端通过电阻R6连接反相器U1B的输入端，反相器U1B的输入端通过电阻R10连接反相器U1C的输入端，反相器U1C的输入端通过电阻 R11连接反相器U1D的输入端，反相器U1D的输入端通过电阻R12连接反相器U1E的输入端，反相器U1E的输入端通过电阻R13连接地线；The discrimination circuit includes inverter U1A, inverter U1B, inverter U1C, inverter U1D, inverter U1E, resistor R6, resistor R10, resistor R11, resistor R12, resistor R13, LED lamp D2, LED lamp D3 , LED lamp D4, LED lamp D5, resistor R7, resistor R8, resistor R16, resistor R17, resistor R15, resistor R14 and field effect transistor Q1, the output terminal of op amp IC1 is connected to the anode of diode D1, and the cathode of diode D1 is connected inversely The input terminal of the inverter U1A, the input terminal of the inverter U1A is connected to the input terminal of the inverter U1B through the resistor R6, and the input terminal of the inverter U1B is connected to the input terminal of the inverter U1C through the resistor R10. The input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the inverter U1D through the resistor R11, the input terminal of the inverter U1D is connected to the input terminal of the inverter U1E through the resistor R12, and the input terminal of the inverter U1E is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R13;
反相器U1A的输出端连接LED灯D2的正极，LED灯D2的负极通过电阻R7连接地线，反相器U1B的输出端连接LED灯D3的正极，LED灯D3 的负极通过电阻R8连接地线，反相器U1C的输出端连接LED灯D4的正极，LED灯D4的负极通过电阻R16连接地线，反相器U1D的输出端连接 LED灯D5的正极，LED灯D5的负极通过电阻R17连接地线，反相器U1E 的输出端通过电阻R15连接场效应管Q1的G极，场效应管Q1的D极通过电阻R14连接所述电动车电池的正极、S极连接电动车直流电机的供电端。The output terminal of the inverter U1A is connected to the positive pole of the LED lamp D2, the negative terminal of the LED lamp D2 is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R7, the output terminal of the inverter U1B is connected to the positive terminal of the LED lamp D3, and the negative terminal of the LED lamp D3 is connected to the ground through the resistor R8 The output terminal of the inverter U1C is connected to the positive pole of the LED lamp D4, the negative terminal of the LED lamp D4 is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R16, the output terminal of the inverter U1D is connected to the positive terminal of the LED lamp D5, and the negative pole of the LED lamp D5 is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R17. Connect the ground wire, the output end of the inverter U1E is connected to the G pole of the FET Q1 through the resistor R15, the D pole of the FET Q1 is connected to the positive pole of the electric vehicle battery through the resistor R14, and the S pole is connected to the electric vehicle DC motor. power supply.
优选的，所述运放IC1和运放IC2的型号均为运算放大器LM741；所述反相器U1A、所述反相器U1B、所述反相器U1C、所述反相器U1D 和所述反相器U1E的型号均为74LS04。Preferably, the models of the operational amplifier IC1 and the operational amplifier IC2 are both operational amplifiers LM741; the inverter U1A, the inverter U1B, the inverter U1C, the inverter U1D and the The model number of inverter U1E is 74LS04.
优选的，所述反相器U1A、所述反相器U1B、所述反相器U1C、所述反相器U1D和所述反相器U1E的型号为同一个74LS04芯片中的反相器。Preferably, the inverter U1A, the inverter U1B, the inverter U1C, the inverter U1D and the inverter U1E are the inverters in the same 74LS04 chip.
本发明所述的一种电动自行车电池电量监控电路，解决了采用模块化电路设计监控电动车电池电量的的技术问题，本发明采用逻辑电路直接测量电动车电池电量，并采用指示灯显示电量，可以直观的观察到电池的剩余电量值，本发明采用电路实现电池电量的监控，不需要单片机和AD芯片，可以通用与各种电动车电池的检测，成本低，接线方便。The electric bicycle battery power monitoring circuit described in the present invention solves the technical problem of using a modular circuit design to monitor the electric vehicle battery power. The remaining power value of the battery can be observed intuitively. The present invention adopts the circuit to realize the monitoring of the battery power, does not need a single-chip microcomputer and an AD chip, and can be used for the detection of various electric vehicle batteries, with low cost and convenient wiring.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的电路图。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示的一种电动自行车电池电量监控电路，包括采样电路、滤波电路和甄别电路；As shown in Figure 1, an electric bicycle battery power monitoring circuit includes a sampling circuit, a filtering circuit and a screening circuit;
采样电路包括电阻R1和电阻R2，电阻R1的一端连接电动车电池的正极、另一端通过电阻R2连接地线；The sampling circuit includes a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the positive electrode of the electric vehicle battery, and the other end is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R2;
滤波电路包括运放IC1、电阻R5、电阻R3、电阻R4、电容C1、运放 IC2、电容C2和电阻R9，电阻R2和电阻R1的连接节点连接运放IC1的正输入端，运放IC1的负输入端通过电阻R3连接电容C1的一端，电容C1的另一端连接运放IC2的正输入端，运放IC2的正输入端还通过电阻R9连接地线，电阻R3与电容C1的连接节点还通过电容C2连接地线，运放IC2的负输入端连接运放IC2的输出端，运放IC2的输出端还通过电阻R4连接电阻R3和电容C1的连接节点，运放IC1的输出端通过电阻R5连接运放IC1的负输入端；The filter circuit includes op amp IC1, resistor R5, resistor R3, resistor R4, capacitor C1, op amp IC2, capacitor C2 and resistor R9. The connection node of resistor R2 and resistor R1 is connected to the positive input terminal of op amp IC1. The negative input terminal is connected to one end of the capacitor C1 through the resistor R3, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier IC2. The positive input terminal of the operational amplifier IC2 is also connected to the ground wire through the resistor R9. Connect the ground wire through the capacitor C2, the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier IC2 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier IC2, the output terminal of the operational amplifier IC2 is also connected to the connection node of the resistor R3 and the capacitor C1 through the resistor R4, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier IC1 is connected through the resistor R4. R5 is connected to the negative input of the operational amplifier IC1;
电动车电池的电压经过电阻R1和电阻R2分压后输入到运放IC1的正输入端，电动车电池的负极为所述地线；The voltage of the electric vehicle battery is divided by the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 and then input to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier IC1, and the negative electrode of the electric vehicle battery is the ground wire;
运放IC1和运放IC2构成了高Q值陷波滤波器，可以很好的将电动车电机产生的低频干扰滤掉，确保甄别电路对电池电压进行甄别时不会受到低频干扰，确保了甄别电路的稳定性。The op amp IC1 and the op amp IC2 form a high-Q value notch filter, which can well filter out the low-frequency interference generated by the electric vehicle motor, and ensure that the discrimination circuit will not be subject to low-frequency interference when discriminating the battery voltage. circuit stability.
甄别电路包括反相器U1A、反相器U1B、反相器U1C、反相器U1D、反相器U1E、电阻R6、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12、电阻R13、LED 灯D2、LED灯D3、LED灯D4、LED灯D5、电阻R7、电阻R8、电阻R16、电阻R17、电阻R15、电阻R14和场效应管Q1，运放IC1的输出端连接二极管D1的正极，二极管D1的负极连接反相器U1A的输入端，反相器U1A 的输入端通过电阻R6连接反相器U1B的输入端，反相器U1B的输入端通过电阻R10连接反相器U1C的输入端，反相器U1C的输入端通过电阻 R11连接反相器U1D的输入端，反相器U1D的输入端通过电阻R12连接反相器U1E的输入端，反相器U1E的输入端通过电阻R13连接地线；The discrimination circuit includes inverter U1A, inverter U1B, inverter U1C, inverter U1D, inverter U1E, resistor R6, resistor R10, resistor R11, resistor R12, resistor R13, LED lamp D2, LED lamp D3 , LED lamp D4, LED lamp D5, resistor R7, resistor R8, resistor R16, resistor R17, resistor R15, resistor R14 and field effect transistor Q1, the output terminal of op amp IC1 is connected to the anode of diode D1, and the cathode of diode D1 is connected inversely The input terminal of the inverter U1A, the input terminal of the inverter U1A is connected to the input terminal of the inverter U1B through the resistor R6, and the input terminal of the inverter U1B is connected to the input terminal of the inverter U1C through the resistor R10. The input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the inverter U1D through the resistor R11, the input terminal of the inverter U1D is connected to the input terminal of the inverter U1E through the resistor R12, and the input terminal of the inverter U1E is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R13;
反相器U1A的输出端连接LED灯D2的正极，LED灯D2的负极通过电阻R7连接地线，反相器U1B的输出端连接LED灯D3的正极，LED灯D3 的负极通过电阻R8连接地线，反相器U1C的输出端连接LED灯D4的正极，LED灯D4的负极通过电阻R16连接地线，反相器U1D的输出端连接LED灯D5的正极，LED灯D5的负极通过电阻R17连接地线，反相器U1E 的输出端通过电阻R15连接场效应管Q1的G极，场效应管Q1的D极通过电阻R14连接所述电动车电池的正极、S极连接电动车直流电机的供电端。The output terminal of the inverter U1A is connected to the positive pole of the LED lamp D2, the negative terminal of the LED lamp D2 is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R7, the output terminal of the inverter U1B is connected to the positive terminal of the LED lamp D3, and the negative terminal of the LED lamp D3 is connected to the ground through the resistor R8 The output terminal of the inverter U1C is connected to the positive pole of the LED lamp D4, the negative terminal of the LED lamp D4 is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R16, the output terminal of the inverter U1D is connected to the positive terminal of the LED lamp D5, and the negative pole of the LED lamp D5 is connected to the ground wire through the resistor R17. Connect the ground wire, the output end of the inverter U1E is connected to the G pole of the FET Q1 through the resistor R15, the D pole of the FET Q1 is connected to the positive pole of the electric vehicle battery through the resistor R14, and the S pole is connected to the electric vehicle DC motor. power supply.
反相器U1A、反相器U1B、反相器U1C、反相器U1D和反相器U1E构成的电平甄别电路具有5个电压阈值，通过调节电阻R6、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12和电阻R13的阻值可以改变着5个电压阈值；本实施例采用的电动车电池的电压上下限位14.6V到11V，由于反相器的阈电平为0.45V，所以本实施例采用的5个电压阈值分别为：The level discrimination circuit composed of inverter U1A, inverter U1B, inverter U1C, inverter U1D and inverter U1E has 5 voltage thresholds. By adjusting resistor R6, resistor R10, resistor R11, resistor R12 and The resistance value of resistor R13 can change 5 voltage thresholds; the upper and lower voltage limits of the electric vehicle battery used in this embodiment are 14.6V to 11V. Since the threshold level of the inverter is 0.45V, this embodiment uses 5 The voltage thresholds are:
U1＝0.45V×14.6＝6.6V；U1=0.45V×14.6=6.6V;
U2＝0.45V×13.6＝6.12V；U2=0.45V×13.6=6.12V;
U3＝0.45V×12.2≈5.5V；U3=0.45V×12.2≈5.5V;
U4＝0.45V×11.5≈5.2V；U4=0.45V×11.5≈5.2V;
U5＝0.45V×11＝4.95V；U5=0.45V×11=4.95V;
其中U1、U2、U3、U4和U5分别为反相器U1E的输入端电压、反相器U1D的输入端电压、反相器U1C的输入端电压、反相器U1B的输入端电压和反相器U1A的输入端电压；Among them, U1, U2, U3, U4 and U5 are the input terminal voltage of inverter U1E, the input terminal voltage of inverter U1D, the input terminal voltage of inverter U1C, the input terminal voltage of inverter U1B and the reverse phase voltage respectively. voltage at the input terminal of U1A;
二极管D1采用恒流二极管1N5283，其恒流为I＝220uA，通过欧姆定律可以算出电阻R6、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12和电阻R13的阻值。The diode D1 adopts a constant current diode 1N5283, and its constant current is I=220uA. The resistance values of the resistor R6, the resistor R10, the resistor R11, the resistor R12 and the resistor R13 can be calculated by Ohm's law.
反相器U1A、反相器U1B、反相器U1C、反相器U1D和反相器U1E均由电动车电池供电。Inverter U1A, inverter U1B, inverter U1C, inverter U1D and inverter U1E are all powered by electric vehicle batteries.
本实施例采用U1、U2、U3、U4和U5这5个电压阈值来监控电池的电量，当电池的电压值减小，使反相器U1A阈电压小于6.6V时，反相器U1输出低电平，此时LED灯D2灭，同理，随着电池电压的降低，反相器的阈值电压顺序小于U1、U2、U3和U4，从而使LED灯D2、LED灯 D3、LED灯D4和LED灯D5顺序灭掉，从而直观的观察电池的剩余电量，当反相器阈值电压小于U5时，此时电池电压为过低，反相器U1E输出低电平，从使场效应管Q1截止，断开电动车电机的供电回路，从而保护电池不会长期运行在过低电压的情况下。In this embodiment, five voltage thresholds of U1, U2, U3, U4 and U5 are used to monitor the power of the battery. When the voltage of the battery decreases and the threshold voltage of the inverter U1A is less than 6.6V, the output of the inverter U1 is low. At this time, the LED light D2 is off. Similarly, as the battery voltage decreases, the threshold voltage sequence of the inverter is smaller than U1, U2, U3 and U4, so that the LED light D2, LED light D3, LED light D4 and The LED lights D5 are turned off in sequence, so that the remaining power of the battery can be observed intuitively. When the threshold voltage of the inverter is less than U5, the battery voltage is too low at this time, and the inverter U1E outputs a low level, which turns off the FET Q1. , disconnect the power supply circuit of the electric vehicle motor, so as to protect the battery from running under the condition of low voltage for a long time.
本发明只需选取合适的电阻R6、电阻R10、电阻R11、电阻R12 和电阻R13的阻值即可显示电池电量，适合模块化生产的需求。The present invention only needs to select appropriate resistance values of resistor R6, resistor R10, resistor R11, resistor R12 and resistor R13 to display battery power, which is suitable for modular production.
优选的，所述运放IC1和运放IC2的型号均为运算放大器LM741；所述反相器U1A、所述反相器U1B、所述反相器U1C、所述反相器U1D 和所述反相器U1E的型号均为74LS04。Preferably, the models of the operational amplifier IC1 and the operational amplifier IC2 are both operational amplifiers LM741; the inverter U1A, the inverter U1B, the inverter U1C, the inverter U1D and the The model of inverter U1E is 74LS04.
优选的，所述反相器U1A、所述反相器U1B、所述反相器U1C、所述反相器U1D和所述反相器U1E的型号为同一个74LS04芯片中的反相器。Preferably, the inverter U1A, the inverter U1B, the inverter U1C, the inverter U1D and the inverter U1E are the inverters in the same 74LS04 chip.
本发明所述的一种电动自行车电池电量监控电路，解决了采用模块化电路设计监控电动车电池电量的的技术问题，本发明采用逻辑电路直接测量电动车电池电量，并采用指示灯显示电量，可以直观的观察到电池的剩余电量值，本发明采用电路实现电池电量的监控，不需要单片机和AD芯片，可以通用与各种电动车电池的检测，成本低，接线方便。The electric bicycle battery power monitoring circuit described in the present invention solves the technical problem of using a modular circuit design to monitor the electric vehicle battery power. The remaining power value of the battery can be observed intuitively. The present invention adopts the circuit to realize the monitoring of the battery power, does not need a single-chip microcomputer and an AD chip, and can be used for the detection of various electric vehicle batteries, with low cost and convenient wiring.
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