CN111379558A - Intelligent measurement system and method for drilling data for percussion drilling - Google Patents
Intelligent measurement system and method for drilling data for percussion drilling Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 293
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent measuring system and method for drilling data of percussion drilling, wherein the intelligent measuring system is matched with a drilling machine support and a heavy hammer for use, the rear end of the heavy hammer is connected with a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope is connected with a drilling machine winch after penetrating through a guide pulley at the top end of the drilling machine support; the measuring system comprises a mobile drilling data management platform and a measuring device, wherein the mobile drilling data management platform is used for sending a working mode instruction of impact drilling to the measuring device and storing, displaying and sharing drilling data returned by the measuring device; the measuring device is arranged at the guide pulley and comprises a pressure sensor, a sound wave receiving sensor, a single chip microcomputer control unit, a wireless communication unit, a warning signal unit and a power supply unit. By utilizing the method, the intelligent automatic real-time measurement and display of the drilling data in the hammering and impact drilling processes can be realized, and a drilling data report is generated; the efficiency and the precision of the measurement of the drilling data are improved, and the drilling quality and the drilling efficiency are also improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering drilling, and particularly relates to a drilling data intelligent measurement system and method for percussion drilling.
Background
For the measurement of drilling data such as the depth of a drilled hole and the like, no effective and reliable method exists in the geotechnical engineering drilling field or the oil gas and coal mine resource drilling field.
In the field of oil gas and coal mine resource drilling, a rotary advancing method is mainly adopted for drilling, and the rotary advancing is realized by driving a drilling tool to rotate by means of a drill rod so that a drill bit grinds rock soil and breaks the rock soil. In the rotary drilling process, the hole depth is indirectly measured by mainly measuring the length of a drill rod in a drill hole through various means. The method mainly comprises the steps of manually calculating the length of a drill rod in a drill hole to obtain the depth of the drill hole, calculating the depth and the hole depth by detecting a hydraulic value of a push rod of the drill, measuring the displacement of the drill rod based on a photoelectric encoder to obtain the depth data of the drill hole, measuring the length of the drill rod by utilizing an elastic wave echo ranging principle to realize the measurement of the depth of the drill hole and the like.
Chinese patent publication No. CN202510098U discloses a hole depth monitoring device for a roller-cone drilling machine, which comprises a central controller, a sound wave receiving and transmitting unit, a sound wave reflecting member, a counting unit, a power-down storage unit, a relay and a man-machine dialogue unit, wherein the counting unit, the man-machine dialogue unit, the power-down storage unit and the relay are respectively connected with the central controller, the sound wave reflecting member is connected with the sound wave receiving and transmitting unit through sound waves, and the sound wave receiving and transmitting unit is connected with the counting unit.
In the field of geotechnical engineering drilling, drilling methods adopted by drilling mainly include impact drilling and rotary drilling. The impact drilling method includes hammering drilling and impact drilling, both of which are mainly characterized by that the drill bit can break rock and soil by means of the impact force produced by falling weight of weight and lifting weight of steel wire rope, and in the course of drilling two drilling modes can be switched over at any time according to stratum change. The existing engineering drilling machine has no auxiliary device for automatically measuring the depth of the drilled hole, and the measurement of the depth of the drilled hole is basically finished by manually measuring with a meter ruler or a tape measure. The method has the advantages of large measurement error, low efficiency and large influence of human factors, and sometimes drillers can misreport and report the drilling depth data for the purpose of workload. During the drilling process, an editing technician needs to master the real-time drilling depth to edit and record rock and soil data, judge the depth of taking an undisturbed soil sample and perform in-situ test; the driller must also adjust the drilling steps and means based on the lithology of the formation and the depth of the groundwater level.
On the other hand, when the undisturbed soil sample is taken by hammering, the real-time penetration degree of the soil sampler needs to be monitored so as to prevent too much penetration from extruding the undisturbed soil sample entering the lining pipe of the soil sampler or too little penetration from meeting the requirement of indoor soil test on the length of the soil sample; the penetration of the soil sampler should be calculated from the hole bottom, i.e. the final drilling depth of the latest drilling round, and the actual situation is that residual floating soil exists at the hole bottom, and the thickness of the floating soil should not be calculated from the penetration of the soil sampler, so as to ensure that the sampled sample is an undisturbed soil sample. The current method is to mark a steel wire rope manually and observe the penetration degree of the mark on the steel wire rope to estimate the penetration degree of a soil sampler in a drill hole; and there is no effective means to measure the thickness of the residual soil to ensure that the sampler has been lowered to the bottom of the hole. The conventional method has low reliability, low efficiency and defects.
The drilling equipment in the field of engineering drilling is generally older and its structural construction has not substantially improved in recent decades. The continuous development of scientific technology will require geological drilling equipment to be continuously developed towards automation and intellectualization. Therefore, innovation should be carried out in the field of engineering drilling by combining high and new technologies according to the characteristics of the existing drilling equipment and drilling modes, so that the measurement means and method of the drilling data are more automatic and intelligent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the intelligent measuring system for the drilling data of the percussion drilling, which can realize the intelligent automatic real-time measurement and display of the data such as the drilling depth and the like in the hammering and percussion drilling processes, improve the efficiency and the precision of the drilling depth measurement, and simultaneously improve the drilling quality and the drilling efficiency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an intelligent measuring system for drilling data of percussion drilling is used in cooperation with a drilling machine support and a heavy hammer, wherein the rear end of the heavy hammer is connected with a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope penetrates through a guide pulley at the top end of the drilling machine support and then is connected with a drilling machine winch; the intelligent drilling data measuring system comprises a mobile drilling data management platform and a measuring device, wherein the mobile drilling data management platform is used for sending various working mode instructions of impact drilling to the measuring device, storing, displaying and sharing drilling data returned by the measuring device and finally generating a drilling data report;
the measuring device set up in direction pulley department specifically includes:
the pressure sensor is arranged on the shaft part of the guide pulley and used for measuring the pressure of the steel wire rope on the shaft part of the guide pulley in real time and transmitting a pressure signal to the single chip microcomputer control unit;
the sound wave receiving sensor is arranged on the guide pulley and used for receiving and identifying sound wave signals transmitted from the drill hole along the steel wire rope and transmitting the sound wave signals to the single chip microcomputer control unit;
the singlechip control unit is respectively electrically connected with the pressure sensor and the sound wave receiving sensor and is used for starting timing when the received pressure signal is smaller than a set threshold value, interrupting a working circuit of the pressure sensor and simultaneously starting a working circuit of the sound wave receiving sensor; after receiving the sound wave signal, calculating drilling data according to the working mode of impact drilling, wherein the drilling data comprise real-time drilling depth, drilling return times, return footage, undisturbed soil sample sampling depth and the like;
the radio communication unit is connected with the singlechip control unit and is used for transmitting the drilling data transmitted by the singlechip control unit to the mobile drilling data management platform and receiving a working instruction from the mobile drilling data management platform;
and the warning signal unit is connected with the single-chip microcomputer control unit, comprises an alarm module and a signal lamp module and is used for reminding a driller of stopping the sampling process under the original soil sample sampling mode.
And the power supply unit is used for supplying power to the singlechip control unit, the pressure sensor, the sound wave receiving sensor, the warning signal unit and the radio communication unit.
The intelligent measuring system of the invention collects and analyzes sound wave data which is formed by hammering or impacting in the drilling process of the drilling machine and is transmitted along the drill bit, the heavy hammer and the steel wire rope of the lifting heavy hammer, and records the transmission time of the sound wave data to calculate and obtain the drilling data such as the real-time hole depth of the drilled hole, the drilling return times, the return footage, the sampling depth of the undisturbed soil sample and the like; the obtained drilling data can be stored and displayed on the mobile drilling data management platform, and the data can be uploaded to the cloud to be shared.
The modes of operation for percussive drilling include hammer drilling mode, percussive drilling mode and undisturbed sample collection mode. When in a hammering drilling mode, the heavy hammer is in force transmission fit with the drill bit through the perforated pipe, the heavy hammer is movably inserted into the perforated pipe, and the closed end of the perforated pipe is fixed with the drill bit; when in an impact drilling mode, the heavy hammer is directly fixed with the drill bit through a connector; when the undisturbed soil sample is in a mode, the heavy hammer is in force transmission fit with the soil sampler through the floral tube, the heavy hammer is movably inserted into the floral tube, and the closed end of the floral tube is fixed with the soil sampler.
The hammer drilling mode and the percussion drilling mode are mainly different in the way in which the impact force of the hammer acts on the drill bit. The hammering drilling is mainly suitable for drilling of cohesive soil, silt and sandy soil strata, the impact drilling is mainly suitable for sandy soil and gravel soil strata, and the drilling depth is generally less than 30 m. The two drilling modes can be switched at any time during the drilling process, and mainly depend on the type of the stratum.
The undisturbed soil sample sampling mode has the same working principle as the hammering drilling mode, and the difference is that a thick-wall soil sampler is used for replacing a cylindrical drill bit when the undisturbed soil sample is sampled. The heavy hammer inserted into the perforated pipe is repeatedly lifted, so that the heavy hammer repeatedly hammers the thick-wall soil sampler connected with the closed end of the perforated pipe in the perforated pipe to obtain an undisturbed soil sample.
The warning signal unit sends out a warning signal when the singlechip control unit detects that the soil sampler finishes sampling, and reminds a driller of stopping the sampling process.
The pressure sensor is composed of a pressure sensitive element and a pressure signal processing circuit, and pressure signals measured by the pressure sensitive element are transmitted to the singlechip control unit through the pressure signal processing circuit.
The sound wave receiving sensor comprises a sound wave signal receiver and a sound wave signal processing circuit, wherein the sound wave signal receiver receives a sound wave signal sent by the sound source point, and the sound wave signal is amplified, filtered and shaped by the sound wave signal processing circuit and then transmitted to the single chip microcomputer control unit.
Furthermore, the sound wave receiving sensor is arranged on the steel wire rope limiting frame of the guide pulley, so that the sound wave receiving sensor is always in contact with the steel wire rope in the working process, and the sound wave signals transmitted by the steel wire rope are received more accurately.
The power supply unit is connected with the single chip microcomputer control unit and indirectly supplies power to the pressure sensor, the sound wave receiving sensor, the non-communication unit, the warning signal unit and the non-communication unit through the single chip microcomputer control unit.
The invention also provides an intelligent measuring method of drilling data for percussion drilling, which adopts the automatic measuring system and comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a measuring device at the position of the guide pulley according to requirements;
(2) selecting a drilling work mode according to the type of the stratum and the drilling purpose, and sending instructions of the work mode to the measuring device by using the mobile drilling data management platform, wherein the work mode comprises a hammering drilling mode, an impact drilling mode and an undisturbed soil sample taking mode (the work mode is based on the hammering drilling work mode).
(3) In the drilling process, the pressure of the shaft part of the guide pulley at the top of the drill support changes along with the rising and falling of the heavy hammer, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure value suddenly drops to be smaller than a set threshold value, a timer in the single chip microcomputer control unit starts timing, a working circuit of the pressure sensor is interrupted, and a working circuit of the sound wave receiving sensor is started at the same time;
(4) the sound wave receiving sensor receives a sound wave signal sent by the sound source point, the sound wave signal is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer control unit after signal processing, the single chip microcomputer control unit immediately stops timing, meanwhile, a working circuit of the pressure sensor is started, and the time difference delta T from the sound wave sending from the sound source point to the sound wave receiving sensor receiving the sound wave signal is calculated;
(5) the singlechip control unit calculates the corresponding real-time drilling depth, drilling return times, return footage, undisturbed soil sample sampling depth and the like according to the selected working mode, and transmits the calculated drilling data to the mobile drilling data management platform through the radio communication unit.
In the step (5), the drilling depth calculation process is as follows:
when hammer drilling mode is selected, the formula is:
d＝V2×(ΔT-L1/V1)+L1+L2-L3
wherein d represents the real-time borehole depth, V1Represents the propagation velocity, V, of sound waves along the weight2The propagation speed of sound waves along the steel wire rope is represented, delta T represents the time difference from the emission of the sound waves from a hammer hammering point to the reception of sound wave signals by a sound wave receiving sensor, and L represents the time difference1Indicates the length of the weight, L2Indicating the distance from the point of hammering to the edge of the drill bit, L3Representing the distance of the acoustic wave receiving sensor from the orifice;
when the percussion drilling mode is selected, the formula is:
d＝V2×(ΔT-L4/V4)+L4-L3
wherein d represents the real-time borehole depth, V2The propagation speed of sound waves along the steel wire rope is represented, delta T represents the time difference from the emission of the sound waves from a hammer hammering point to the reception of sound wave signals by a sound wave receiving sensor, and V4Represents the propagation velocity of sound wave along the bit and weight connection body, L3Denotes the distance, L, of the acoustic wave receiving transducer to the orifice4The total length of the drill bit and weight connecting body is shown.
The calculation process of the drilling back times and the drilling back footage is as follows:
counting the drilling return times R from 1 (in the drilling process, each time the drilling tool is lowered to the bottom of the hole to be drilled until the drilling tool is lifted out of the ground from the hole after the drilling is finished, so that one operation cycle is called as a return time;
when the time interval delta t between two drilling depths d recorded by the singlechip control unit is larger than a set time threshold (the time threshold can be valued within an interval delta t of more than or equal to 5s and less than or equal to 15s according to the statistics of engineering experience), judging the current drilling depth diBorehole depth data generated for a new round of drilling, at the time
When R is 1, the return footage is Δ DR＝di-1；
When R is>1 hour, go to the footage again
In the formula (d)i-1Indicating the current drilling depth diThe real-time drilling depth recorded in the previous time, wherein R represents the number of completed drilling times;
calculating the last pass footage Delta DRAfter d, diThe number of new times R is assignedThe value is R + 1.
When an undisturbed soil sample sampling mode is selected, the calculation formula of the real-time penetration depth of the soil sampler is as follows:
l＝V2×(ΔT-L1/V1)+L1+L5-L3
in the formula, l represents the real-time penetration depth of the soil sampler, V1Represents the propagation velocity, V, of sound waves along the weight2The propagation speed of sound waves along the steel wire rope is represented, delta T represents the time difference from the emission of the sound waves from a hammer hammering point to the reception of sound wave signals by a sound wave receiving sensor, and L represents the time difference1Indicates the length of the weight, L3Denotes the distance, L, of the acoustic wave receiving transducer to the orifice5The distance between the hammering point and the cutting edge of the pipe boot of the soil sampler is shown;
when the mobile drilling data management platform sends a selected undisturbed soil sample sampling mode to the measuring device, the singlechip control unit records the final drilling depth D ═ D of the latest drilling return timeiD represents the effective initial penetration depth of the undisturbed soil sample; in addition, the generated undisturbed sample is numbered, and the number is sequentially increased according to the selection times of the undisturbed soil sample sampling mode;
the single chip microcomputer control unit calculates to generate real-time penetration depth data l when the soil sampler penetrates under the action of the heavy hammer every time, and the penetration degree is delta l-D; when delta L is less than 0, the cutting edge of the pipe shoe of the soil sampler is not lowered to the bottom of the hole or is still in the residual floating soil, when the delta L is more than or equal to the delta L (the delta L is a preset penetration degree and generally takes a value of 25-30 cm), the penetration degree of the soil sampler meets the requirement, the single-chip microcomputer control unit generates sampling start-stop depths D and L at the moment, and transmits the original-state sample number and the D and L to the wireless communication unit so as to transmit the original-state sample number and the D and L to the mobile drilling data management platform; meanwhile, the warning signal unit gives an alarm and lights a green signal lamp to inform the driller that the sampling process is finished, and hammering is stopped.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the field of geotechnical engineering drilling, no matter an impact drilling rig or a rotary drilling rig has an auxiliary automatic measuring system for the drilling depth, the measuring method mainly stops manually measuring the length of a drill rod or the length of a steel wire rope to calculate the hole depth, and the measuring method has low efficiency and low reliability of measured data and is difficult to obtain real-time drilling data; the intelligent measuring system of the invention collects and analyzes the sound wave data transmitted along the drill bit, the heavy hammer and the steel wire rope of the lifting heavy hammer formed by hammering or impacting in the drilling process of the drilling machine, and records the transmission time of the sound wave data to automatically calculate and obtain the drilling data such as the real-time hole depth of the drilled hole, the drilling return times, the return footage and the like.
2. The intelligent measuring system and the method can realize intelligent and automatic real-time measurement and display of the drilling depth data in the hammering and impact drilling processes, the obtained drilling data can be stored and displayed on the mobile drilling data management platform, the data can be uploaded to a cloud to realize sharing, the drilling depth measuring efficiency and precision are improved, and the drilling quality and efficiency are also improved.
3. The intelligent measuring system can realize the measurement of the initial penetration depth of the soil sampler in the sampling process of the undisturbed soil sample and the monitoring and measurement of the real-time penetration, when the soil sampler reaches the effective preset penetration, a driller can be informed to stop hammering the soil sampler in the forms of an alarm and a green signal lamp, the sampling process of the undisturbed soil sample is completed, and the measuring system can transmit the sampling depth data to the mobile drilling data management platform for display, storage and sharing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device in the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention without limiting it in any way.
The invention uses the hammering or impact sound emitted in the drill hole during drilling as a sound source, and detects the time of the sound source from an emitting point to the measuring device along the drill bit, the heavy hammer and the steel wire rope to calculate the depth of the drill hole.
For the purpose of better understanding the invention, the working principle of the two modes of operation (hammer drilling and percussion drilling) is briefly described as follows:
when hammering drilling, the heavy hammer is connected with a drill bit (mainly a cylindrical soil sampling drill bit) through a perforated pipe (a grooved iron pipe with a closed end and an open end at one end is used for transmitting hammering energy of the heavy hammer and limiting the rising and falling directions and heights of the heavy hammer), and the drilling machine repeatedly lifts and falls the heavy hammer through a steel wire rope, so that the heavy hammer repeatedly hammers the cylindrical drill bit connected with the closed end of the perforated pipe in the perforated pipe to cut soil layers and obtain soil samples; when percussion drilling is carried out, the heavy hammer is directly connected with a drill bit (the drill bit can be a cylindrical soil-taking drill bit or a drawing cylinder type drill bit), and the drilling machine repeatedly lifts and drops the heavy hammer and a connector of the drill bit through a steel wire rope to enable the drill bit to continuously impact a rock-soil layer, so that a soil layer is cut and a soil sample is obtained.
The utility model provides a drilling data intelligence measurement system for strike drilling, measurement system uses with rig support and weight cooperation, and the rear end of weight is connected with wire rope, and wire rope passes behind the guide pulley on rig support top and is connected with the rig hoist engine.
As shown in fig. 1, a mobile drilling data management platform 6 and a measuring device are also included. The measuring device is fixedly arranged near a guide pulley of a steel wire rope at the top of the drilling machine support and comprises a pressure sensor 1, a sound wave receiving sensor 2, a single-chip microcomputer control unit 3, a wireless communication unit 4, a power supply unit 5 and a warning signal unit 7. The measuring device is provided with a hammering drilling working mode, an impact drilling working mode and an undisturbed soil sample taking mode, and the three working modes are realized through different algorithm programs in the single chip microcomputer control unit.
The pressure sensor 1 is connected with a singlechip control unit 3. The pressure sensor 1 consists of a pressure sensing element and a signal processing circuit, and the pressure sensor 1 can sense the pressure of the shaft part of the steel wire rope guide pulley at the top of the drilling machine support in real time and simultaneously transmit a pressure signal to the single chip microcomputer control unit through the signal processing circuit. When the drilling machine works, the pressure of the shaft part of the fixed pulley at the top of the support of the drilling machine can change along with the rising and falling of the heavy hammer, when the heavy hammer falls down to impact a perforated pipe at the moment or when a drill bit impacts a rock-soil layer at the bottom of a drilled hole at the moment of impact drilling, the pressure value of the shaft part of the pulley can be suddenly reduced to the minimum value when the drilling machine works, the pressure sensor can detect the minimum pressure value and transmit the signal to the single chip microcomputer control unit, the single chip microcomputer control unit receives the signal of the pressure sensor and compares the signal with a set pressure threshold value at the same time, when the pressure value is smaller than the set threshold value, a timer in the single chip microcomputer control unit starts timing, and meanwhile, the working circuit.
The sound wave receiving sensor 2 is connected with the single chip microcomputer control unit 3. The sound wave receiving sensor 2 is composed of a sound wave signal receiver and a signal processing circuit, and is used for receiving and identifying sound wave signals transmitted by the hammer point or the impact point through the drill bit, the heavy hammer and the steel wire rope. After receiving the pressure signal, the single chip microcomputer control unit starts a working circuit of the sound wave receiving sensor, after receiving the sound wave signal sent by the sound source point, the sound wave receiving sensor is amplified, filtered and shaped by the signal processing circuit and then transmitted to the single chip microcomputer control unit, after receiving the signal sent by the sound wave receiving sensor, the single chip microcomputer control unit immediately closes the timer to stop timing, simultaneously starts the working circuit of the pressure sensor to receive a new pressure signal, and calculates the time difference delta T between the sound wave sent from the sound source point and the sound wave receiving sensor to receive the sound wave signal. Because the propagation speed of the sound wave signal along the drill bit, the heavy hammer and the steel wire rope is obviously higher than that of the stratum and the air medium, the moment corresponding to the peak point of the first wave can be considered as the end point of the transmission time of the sound wave along the drill bit, the heavy hammer and the steel wire rope.
And the singlechip control unit 3 is respectively connected with the pressure sensor 1, the sound wave receiving sensor 2, the wireless communication unit 4, the warning signal unit 7 and the power supply unit 5. Three sets of algorithm programs under three working modes of hammering drilling, impact drilling and undisturbed soil sample taking are arranged in the single chip microcomputer control unit 3, and the selection of the working modes is realized by sending corresponding instructions to the wireless communication unit 4 on the mobile drilling hole data management platform 6. After the singlechip control unit obtains the propagation time delta T of the sound waves along the drill bit, the heavy hammer and the steel wire rope, the drilling depth is calculated according to an algorithm program under a set working mode, and the specific calculation process is as follows:
when the hammer drilling mode is adopted, the formula is as follows:
d＝V2×(ΔT-L1/V1)+L1+L2-L3
wherein d represents the real-time borehole depth, V1Represents the propagation velocity, V, of sound waves along the weight2Represents the propagation speed of sound waves along the steel wire rope, delta T represents the time difference from the sound source point to the sound wave receiving sensor to receive sound wave signals, L1Indicates the length of the weight, L2Indicating the distance from the point of hammering to the edge of the drill bit, L3Representing the distance of the acoustic wave receiving sensor from the orifice;
when employing percussive drilling mode, the formula is:
d＝V2×(ΔT-L4/V4)+L4-L3
wherein d represents the real-time borehole depth, V2Represents the propagation speed of sound waves along the steel wire rope, delta T represents the time difference from the sound source point to the sound wave receiving sensor to receive sound wave signals, V4Represents the propagation velocity of sound wave along the bit and weight connection body, L3Denotes the distance, L, of the acoustic wave receiving transducer to the orifice4The total length of the drill bit and weight connecting body is shown.
The drilling machine continuously repeats four steps of drilling (a heavy hammer and a drill bit are put down from an orifice to the bottom of a hole), drilling (the drill bit impacts a rock-soil layer for a plurality of times under the action of the heavy hammer), lifting (the heavy hammer and the drill bit are lifted from the bottom of the hole to the orifice) and obtaining a soil sample in the drill bit when in a drilling working state, wherein the drilling-down and lifting each time is a drilling cycle (in the drilling process, the drilling tool is lowered to the bottom of the hole and is lifted out of the ground from the hole after the drilling is finished, the operation cycle is called a cycle, and the drill bit impacts the rock-soil layer for a plurality of times each drilling cycle). Therefore, three steps of tripping, obtaining soil samples and tripping are carried out between each drilling step, so that a time interval is formed between each drilling return.
As can be seen from the above description, the single chip microcomputer controls the drill bit to impact the rock-soil layer once under the action of the heavy hammerThe unit generates drilling depth data d through calculation, and simultaneously records time t corresponding to the d generation and the number i of times that the drill bit impacts the rock-soil layer corresponding to the d; then, assignment is carried out: di＝d，ti＝t。
When i is equal to 1, the value R is equal to 1(R is the drilling-back times), the singlechip control unit sets R to 1, and d1＝d，t1And t, transmitting the drilling data to the wireless communication unit and further transmitting the drilling data to the mobile drilling data management platform.
When i is>1, calculating Δ t ═ ti-ti-1When delta t is less than a set threshold, the singlechip control unit will di＝d，tiT is transmitted to the wireless communication unit and then transmitted to the mobile drilling data management platform; when Δ t is greater than a set threshold (with a time interval between drilling returns), d may be considered to be the borehole depth data generated by a new drilling return. When R is equal to 1, the singlechip control unit calculates the last time footage delta DR＝di-1(ii) a When R is>1 hour, last secondary footage
And reassigns the new number of times: r is R +1, then the last secondary footage is respectively carried out by delta DRAnd the number of new rounds R +1 and di＝d，tiAnd t is transmitted to the wireless communication unit and then transmitted to the mobile drilling data management platform. Thus realizing the real-time depth d of the inner drill bit impacting the rock-soil layer every timeiEach return footage of delta DRAnd the acquisition and transmission of the drilling data of the times R.
When an undisturbed soil sample sampling mode is selected, the calculation formula of the real-time penetration depth of the soil sampler is as follows:
l＝V2×(ΔT-L1/V1)+L1+L5-L3
in the formula, l represents the real-time penetration depth of the soil sampler, V1Represents the propagation velocity, V, of sound waves along the weight2The propagation speed of sound waves along the steel wire rope is represented, and delta T represents the sound waves emitted from a hammer hammering point to a sound wave receiving sensorTime difference of received sound wave signal, L1Indicates the length of the weight, L3Denotes the distance, L, of the acoustic wave receiving transducer to the orifice5The distance between the hammering point and the cutting edge of the pipe boot of the soil sampler is shown;
when the mobile drilling data management platform sends a selected undisturbed soil sample sampling mode to the measuring device, the singlechip control unit records the final drilling depth D ═ D of the latest drilling return timeiD represents the effective initial penetration depth of the undisturbed soil sample; in addition, the number of the generated undisturbed sample is sequentially increased according to the selection times of the undisturbed sample sampling mode;
the single chip microcomputer control unit calculates to generate real-time penetration depth data l when the soil sampler penetrates under the action of the heavy hammer every time, and the penetration degree is delta l-D; when delta L is less than 0, the cutting edge of the pipe shoe of the soil sampler is not lowered to the bottom of the hole or is still in the residual floating soil, and when the delta L is more than or equal to the delta L, the penetration degree of the soil sampler meets the requirement, the single-chip microcomputer control unit generates sampling start-stop depths D and L at the moment, and transmits the original sample number and the D and L to the wireless communication unit so as to transmit the original sample number and the D and L to the mobile drilling data management platform; meanwhile, the warning signal unit gives an alarm and lights a green signal lamp to inform the driller that the sampling process is finished, and hammering is stopped.
The wireless communication unit 4 is connected with the singlechip control unit 3. The wireless communication unit 4 is provided with a WiFi module, the WiFi module in the wireless communication unit realizes wireless connection between the WiFi module and the mobile drilling data management platform through receiving WiFi signals transmitted by the mobile drilling data management platform, the drilling data transmitted by the singlechip control unit are transmitted to the mobile drilling data management platform through WiFi, and the drilling data are stored, displayed and shared to the cloud on the mobile drilling data management platform.
The power supply unit 5 is connected with the single chip microcomputer control unit 3. The power supply unit 5 is used for directly supplying power to the single chip microcomputer control unit 3 and indirectly supplying power to the pressure sensor 1, the sound wave receiving sensor 2, the non-communication unit 4 and the warning signal unit 7 through the single chip microcomputer control unit 3; the power supply unit 5 may take the form of a dry cell; the power supply unit is provided with a switch which can directly turn on and turn off the power supply of the power supply unit to the singlechip control unit, thereby controlling the on or off of the working state of the measuring device.
The mobile drilling data management platform 6 is connected with the wireless communication unit 4 through WiFi and used for storing, displaying and sharing drilling data (real-time hole depth, drilling return times, return footage and undisturbed soil sample sampling depth). In addition, the mobile drilling data management platform can send a program calling instruction to the single chip microcomputer control unit through the wireless communication unit to select hammering drilling and impact drilling working modes of the measuring device. Because the drilling site working condition is sometimes more complicated, can produce certain interference to measuring device's work, the pressure value that pressure sensor detected also can be very little when changing the drill bit, also can carry out the normal position test and get the original state soil sample if the drilling in-process, and removal drilling data management platform can pass through wireless communication unit and send the instruction to singlechip control unit and carry out pause or reset operation to measuring device. In addition, the mobile drilling data management platform may remotely turn off the measurement device.
The mobile drilling data processing platform is used as a wireless Access Point (AP, Access Point), and the hole depth measuring devices on all drilling machines in the same engineering field are regarded as a STATION (STATION) connected to the mobile drilling data management platform. Therefore, the measuring devices can transmit real-time drilling depth data to the mobile drilling data management platform, and the mobile drilling data management platform can also transmit control instructions to each measuring device through a wireless network. The mobile drilling data management platform is provided with an internet surfing module, has an internet surfing function, and can upload received real-time drilling depth data to a cloud end after processing, so that real-time sharing of drilling data is realized.
The mobile drilling data management platform can generate a drilling data report by one key when drilling is finished, and the content comprises the final drilling depth, the drilling return process records (return footage and return times), the original soil sample number and the sample sampling starting and stopping depth.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, additions and equivalents made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent measuring system for drilling data of percussion drilling is used in cooperation with a drilling machine support and a heavy hammer, wherein the rear end of the heavy hammer is connected with a steel wire rope, and the steel wire rope penetrates through a guide pulley at the top end of the drilling machine support and then is connected with a drilling machine winch; the intelligent drilling data measuring system is characterized by comprising a mobile drilling data management platform and a measuring device, wherein the mobile drilling data management platform is used for sending various working mode instructions of impact drilling to the measuring device, storing, displaying and sharing drilling data returned by the measuring device and finally generating a drilling data report;
the measuring device set up in direction pulley department specifically includes:
the pressure sensor is arranged on the shaft part of the guide pulley and used for measuring the pressure of the steel wire rope on the shaft part of the guide pulley in real time and transmitting a pressure signal to the single chip microcomputer control unit;
the sound wave receiving sensor is arranged on the guide pulley and used for receiving and identifying sound wave signals transmitted from the drill hole along the steel wire rope and transmitting the sound wave signals to the single chip microcomputer control unit;
the singlechip control unit is respectively electrically connected with the pressure sensor and the sound wave receiving sensor and is used for starting timing when the received pressure signal is smaller than a set pressure threshold value, interrupting a working circuit of the pressure sensor and simultaneously starting a working circuit of the sound wave receiving sensor; after receiving the sound wave signal, calculating drilling data according to the working mode of impact drilling, wherein the drilling data comprise real-time drilling depth, drilling return times, return footage and original soil sample sampling depth;
the radio communication unit is connected with the singlechip control unit and is used for transmitting the drilling data transmitted by the singlechip control unit to the mobile drilling data management platform and receiving a working instruction from the mobile drilling data management platform;
the warning signal unit is connected with the single-chip microcomputer control unit, comprises an alarm module and a signal lamp module and is used for reminding a driller of stopping the sampling process in an undisturbed soil sample sampling mode;
and the power supply unit is used for supplying power to the singlechip control unit, the pressure sensor, the sound wave receiving sensor, the warning signal unit and the radio communication unit.
2. The intelligent measurement system of borehole data for percussive drilling according to claim 1, wherein the modes of operation for percussive drilling include hammer drilling mode, percussive drilling mode and undisturbed soil sample taking mode. When in a hammering drilling mode, the heavy hammer is in force transmission fit with the drill bit through the perforated pipe, the heavy hammer is movably inserted into the perforated pipe, and the closed end of the perforated pipe is fixed with the drill bit; when in an impact drilling mode, the heavy hammer is directly fixed with the drill bit through a connector; when the undisturbed soil sample is in a mode, the heavy hammer is in force transmission fit with the soil sampler through the floral tube, the heavy hammer is movably inserted into the floral tube, and the closed end of the floral tube is fixed with the soil sampler.
3. The intelligent measuring system for the drilling data of the percussion drilling according to claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is composed of a pressure sensitive element and a pressure signal processing circuit, and a pressure signal measured by the pressure sensitive element is transmitted to the singlechip control unit through the pressure signal processing circuit.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sonic receiving transducer comprises a sonic signal receiver and a sonic signal processing circuit, and the sonic signal receiver receives a sonic signal from the sonic source point, and the sonic signal is amplified, filtered, shaped by the sonic signal processing circuit, and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer control unit.
5. The intelligent measurement system for drilling data of percussion drilling according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave receiving sensor is arranged on a wire rope limiting frame of the guide pulley.
6. The intelligent measuring system for the drilling data of the percussion drilling according to claim 1, wherein the power supply unit is connected with the single chip microcomputer control unit and indirectly supplies power to the pressure sensor, the sound wave receiving sensor, the warning signal unit and the wireless communication unit through the single chip microcomputer control unit.
7. An intelligent measurement method for drilling data used for percussion drilling, characterized in that, the intelligent measurement system for drilling data of any claim 1-6 is adopted, comprising the following steps:
(1) installing a measuring device at the position of the guide pulley according to requirements;
(2) selecting a drilling working mode according to the stratum type and the drilling purpose, and sending instructions of the working mode to a measuring device by using a mobile drilling data management platform, wherein the working mode comprises a hammering drilling mode, an impact drilling mode and an undisturbed soil sample taking mode;
(3) in the drilling process, the pressure of the shaft part of the guide pulley at the top of the drill support changes along with the rising and falling of the heavy hammer, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure value suddenly drops to be smaller than a set pressure threshold value, a timer in the single chip microcomputer control unit starts timing, a working circuit of the pressure sensor is interrupted, and a working circuit of the sound wave receiving sensor is started at the same time;
(4) the sound wave receiving sensor receives a sound wave signal sent by the sound source point, the sound wave signal is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer control unit after signal processing, the single chip microcomputer control unit immediately stops timing, meanwhile, a working circuit of the pressure sensor is started, and the time difference delta T from the sound wave sending from the sound source point to the sound wave receiving sensor receiving the sound wave signal is calculated;
(5) and the singlechip control unit calculates the corresponding real-time drilling depth, drilling return times, return footage and real-time penetration depth of the soil sampler according to the selected working mode, and transmits the calculated drilling data to the mobile drilling data management platform through the radio communication unit.
8. The intelligent measurement method for drilling data of percussion drilling according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the drilling depth calculation process is as follows:
when hammer drilling mode is selected, the formula is:
d＝V2×(ΔT-L1/V1)+L1+L2-L3
wherein d represents the real-time borehole depth, V1Represents the propagation velocity, V, of sound waves along the weight2The propagation speed of sound waves along the steel wire rope is represented, delta T represents the time difference from the emission of the sound waves from a hammer hammering point to the reception of sound wave signals by a sound wave receiving sensor, and L represents the time difference1Indicates the length of the weight, L2Indicating the distance from the point of hammering to the edge of the drill bit, L3Representing the distance of the acoustic wave receiving sensor from the orifice;
when the percussion drilling mode is selected, the formula is:
d＝V2×(ΔT-L4/V4)+L4-L3
wherein d represents the real-time borehole depth, V2The propagation speed of sound waves along the steel wire rope is represented, delta T represents the time difference from the emission of the sound waves from a hammer hammering point to the reception of sound wave signals by a sound wave receiving sensor, and V4Represents the propagation velocity of sound wave along the bit and weight connection body, L3Denotes the distance, L, of the acoustic wave receiving transducer to the orifice4The total length of the drill bit and weight connecting body is shown.
9. The intelligent measurement method for drilling data for percussive drilling according to claim 8, wherein in step (5), the number of drill returns and the number of drill returns are calculated as follows:
counting the drilling back times R from 1, calculating and generating a drilling depth d by the single chip microcomputer control unit when the drill bit impacts the rock-soil layer once under the action of the heavy hammer, and recording the corresponding time t when the drilling depth d is generated and the times i of the drill bit impacting the rock-soil layer corresponding to d;
when the singlechip control unit records the time between two drilling depths dWhen the interval delta t is larger than a set time threshold value, judging the current drilling depth diBorehole depth data generated for a new round of drilling, at the time
When R is 1, the return footage is Δ DR＝di-1；
When R is more than 1, go to the next step
In the formula (d)i-1Indicating the current drilling depth diThe real-time drilling depth recorded in the previous time, wherein R represents the number of completed drilling times;
calculating the last pass footage Delta DRAfter d, diThe new number of times R is assigned R + 1.
10. The intelligent measurement method for the drilling data of the percussion drilling according to claim 9, wherein in the step (5), when the undisturbed soil sample sampling mode is selected, the calculation formula of the real-time penetration depth of the soil sampler is as follows:
l＝V2×(ΔT-L1/V1)+L1+L5-L3
in the formula, l represents the real-time penetration depth of the soil sampler, V1Represents the propagation velocity, V, of sound waves along the weight2The propagation speed of sound waves along the steel wire rope is represented, delta T represents the time difference from the emission of the sound waves from a hammer hammering point to the reception of sound wave signals by a sound wave receiving sensor, and L represents the time difference1Indicates the length of the weight, L3Denotes the distance, L, of the acoustic wave receiving transducer to the orifice5The distance between the hammering point and the cutting edge of the pipe boot of the soil sampler is shown;
when the mobile drilling data management platform sends a selected undisturbed soil sample sampling mode to the measuring device, the singlechip control unit records the final drilling depth D ═ D of the latest drilling return timeiD represents the effective initial penetration depth of the undisturbed soil sample; in addition, the generated undisturbed sample is numbered, and the number is sequentially increased according to the selection times of the undisturbed soil sample sampling mode;
the single chip microcomputer control unit calculates to generate real-time penetration depth data l when the soil sampler penetrates under the action of the heavy hammer every time, and the penetration degree is delta l-D; when delta L is less than 0, the cutting edge of the pipe shoe of the soil sampler is not lowered to the bottom of the hole or is still in the residual floating soil, when the delta L is more than or equal to the delta L, the penetration degree of the soil sampler meets the requirement, the single-chip microcomputer control unit generates sampling starting and stopping depths D and L at the moment, the original sample number and the D and L are transmitted to the wireless communication unit and then transmitted to the mobile drilling data management platform, and the delta L is a preset penetration degree; meanwhile, the warning signal unit gives an alarm and lights a green signal lamp to inform the driller that the sampling process is finished, and hammering is stopped.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113685184A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-23 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Space drilling device and method based on multiple powers |
| CN114542049A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-05-27 | 安百拓（南京）建筑矿山设备有限公司 | Drilling data measuring method and system of drilling machine and drilling machine |
| CN115875008A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-03-31 | 四川省川建勘察设计院有限公司 | Intelligent drilling data acquisition method and system for geological drilling machine and storage medium |
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2020
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113685184A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-23 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Space drilling device and method based on multiple powers |
| CN113685184B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-10-13 | 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 | Space drilling device and method based on multiple powers |
| CN114542049A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-05-27 | 安百拓（南京）建筑矿山设备有限公司 | Drilling data measuring method and system of drilling machine and drilling machine |
| CN115875008A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-03-31 | 四川省川建勘察设计院有限公司 | Intelligent drilling data acquisition method and system for geological drilling machine and storage medium |
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