Gas-liquid cyclone separator capable of automatically controlling desanding
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas-liquid cyclone separator capable of automatically controlling desanding, which is used for automatically desanding the gas-liquid cyclone separator. The invention belongs to the technical field of multiphase separation of oil-gas gathering and transportation systems.
Background
With continuous exploitation of oil fields, most of the oil fields in China enter the middle and later development stages, particularly the exploitation of water injection delay units and high oil and gas blocks, the formation energy is reduced, oil layers are degassed, and the produced liquid contains a large amount of gas, water, silt and the like. The presence of a large amount of sand in the produced fluid can cause abrasive damage to the instrumentation of the downstream piping and can also impact the impellers of the pumps and compressors and other moving equipment. In order to ensure the safety of downstream equipment and instruments, the silt in the produced liquid must be separated.
In recent years, gas-liquid cyclones have become one of the most important and most used separation devices in oil fields and refineries. The separation principle of the gas-liquid cyclone separator is to realize separation by utilizing different densities of different media and different centrifugal forces. It can be used as a pre-separation device for gas-oil separators, single-phase and multiphase flow meter metering, liquid plug collectors, and conventional vessel separators. The gas-liquid cyclone separator has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, high separation efficiency, low cost, large treatment capacity, convenient application and the like.
Although the advantages of the gas-liquid cyclone separator are numerous, the solid impurities cannot be removed by the existing gas-liquid cyclone separator when gas-liquid separation is carried out. The device is mainly used for gas-liquid separation, and silt can be deposited at the bottom of the separator, so that the working space of the separator is gradually compressed, and the separation efficiency of the separator is reduced. When the silt accumulation is large, the separator has to be disassembled and cleaned after shutdown, and the production schedule of the oil field is seriously influenced. If the produced liquid needs to be subjected to sand removal before entering the separator, other equipment is needed, so that the occupied area of the equipment is increased, the investment cost is increased, and the process links become more complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the existing gas-liquid cyclone separator has no desanding module, and provides a gas-liquid cyclone separator capable of automatically controlling desanding. The gas-liquid cyclone separator can separate solid impurities such as mud and sand in the produced liquid, and meanwhile, the separator can realize automatic liquid level control, and the liquid level in the separator is stable after a sand removing module is added, so that the high-efficiency separation of the separator is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a self-control desanding gas-liquid cyclone separator comprises: the device comprises an external vertical cylindrical barrel with a closed bottom, a produced liquid inlet module, a liquid level control module, an internal electric submersible pump pipe string module and a lower sand removal module;
the produced fluid inlet module comprises an inlet pipe and a tapered spray pipe inside the inlet pipe, and the inlet pipe is tangent to the vertical cylindrical barrel;
the liquid level control module comprises three pressure sensors vertically distributed along the vertical cylindrical barrel and a cable for transmitting electric signals;
the electric submersible pump pipe string module consists of an electric submersible pump, a gas phase pipe and a liquid phase pipe; the electric submersible pump is arranged at the middle lower part in the vertical cylindrical barrel and comprises a centrifugal pump and a cylindrical protective cover arranged around the electric submersible pump; an outlet at the upper end of the centrifugal pump is connected with a liquid phase pipe, and the upper part of the protective cover is connected with a gas phase pipe; the gas phase pipe is coaxially arranged around the liquid phase pipe;
the desanding module comprises a spiral guide vane, a photoelectric sensor, a sand separating plate and an electric valve; the spiral guide vane is attached to the lower part of the cylindrical protective cover, the inner side of the spiral guide vane is connected with the protective cover, the outer side of the spiral guide vane is connected with the vertical cylindrical barrel, and the outer wall of the cylindrical protective cover, the inner wall of the vertical cylindrical barrel and the spiral guide vane form a closed spiral channel; the photoelectric sensors are symmetrically distributed on the outer side of the vertical cylindrical barrel, the sand separating plate is positioned at the lower part of the vertical cylindrical barrel, an opening is formed in the sand separating plate, and light rays of the photoelectric sensors are opposite to the opening; the electric valve is positioned at the bottom of the vertical cylindrical barrel and is connected with the photoelectric sensor through a cable for transmitting electric signals.
Further, the declination angle of the inlet pipe is 0-40 degrees, and preferably 27 degrees. The convergent nozzle is of conventional construction in the art. One of the structures of the convergent nozzle is as follows: the bottom section is in a fan shape, and the side surface is in a streamline wedge-shaped structure. The length of convergent spray tube is 2 ~ 5 times of inlet tube pipe diameter. The vertical cylindrical barrel is designed according to a design formula of the gas-liquid cyclone separator.
Furthermore, the electric submersible pump pipe string module also comprises a motor and a suction inlet. The motor, the suction inlet and the centrifugal pump are arranged from bottom to top. The upper part of the gas phase pipe is provided with a plurality of air holes arranged along the gas phase pipe. The outlets of the gas phase pipe and the liquid phase pipe are higher than the upper edge of the vertical cylindrical barrel.
The inlet direction of the inlet pipe and the rotating direction of the spiral guide vanes are consistent, and the multiphase fluid is kept to rotate downwards.
Furthermore, the sand separating plate is provided with a wedge-shaped structure, and the opening hole formed in the wedge-shaped structure faces the photoelectric sensor. And the optical signal of the photoelectric sensor can pass through the opening on the upper part of the sand separating plate.
Furthermore, the desanding module also comprises a sand storage chamber. The sand storage chamber is of a closed cuboid structure, is located below the vertical cylindrical barrel and is connected with the vertical cylindrical barrel in a closed mode. The electrically operated valve is located in the sand storage chamber. The bottom of the sand storage chamber is provided with a wedge-shaped baffle for preventing sand accumulation. The outside of the sand storage chamber is provided with a transparent window with scales for observing sand and is connected with an electric valve.
Compared with the existing gas-liquid cyclone separator, the gas-liquid cyclone separator has the beneficial effects that:
1. the gas-liquid cyclone separator capable of automatically controlling sand removal is arranged, so that the separation of gas, liquid and silt in the produced liquid of the oil field can be realized, and the safety of downstream equipment and instruments is guaranteed; in addition, the separator can realize automatic liquid level control, ensures that the liquid level in the separator is stable after the sand removing module is added, and maintains the high-efficiency operation of the separator.
2. The inlet pipe does not adopt any internal components, so that the permanent fault-free operation of the inlet pipe can be ensured; the convergent nozzle realizes the stable acceleration of the produced liquid and avoids the impact on the main separation barrel.
3. The desanding structure realizes secondary cyclone separation by using the spiral guide vane, so that the desanding efficiency is improved; the sand separating plate prevents sand from being accumulated at the lower part of the protective cover and being sucked into the electric submersible pump; the use of the electric valve and the photoelectric sensor can realize the automatic discharge of sand, thereby reducing the maintenance cost; the sand accumulation condition can be conveniently and rapidly observed through the window of the sand storage chamber.
4. Accurate liquid level in the separator can be obtained by utilizing the pressure sensor and the PID control loop, and the liquid level in the separator is accurately controlled by the frequency converter and the electric submersible pump, so that the phenomenon that the liquid level is too high or too low is prevented, and the separation efficiency of the separator is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tapered nozzle of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the gas phase tube with gas holes of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sand separating plate according to the present invention.
The device comprises an inlet pipe, a tapered spray pipe, a vertical cylindrical barrel, a protective cover, a spiral guide vane, a photoelectric sensor emitter, a photoelectric sensor receiver, a sand separating plate, a pore at the top of the sand separating plate, a cable, a motor, a valve, a sand storage chamber, a wedge-shaped baffle, a transparent window with scales, a pressure sensor, a cable, a motor, a pump suction inlet, a centrifugal pump, a liquid phase pipe, a gas hole, a liquid phase pipe, a gas hole and a set liquid level, wherein the inlet pipe is 1-inlet pipe, the tapered spray pipe is 2-3-vertical cylindrical barrel, the protective cover is 4-5-spiral guide vane, the photoelectric sensor emitter is 6-7-photoelectric sensor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the gas-liquid cyclone separator capable of automatically controlling sand removal provided by the invention comprises an external vertical cylindrical barrel, a produced liquid inlet module, a liquid level control module, an internal electric submersible pump pipe string module and a sand removal module at the lower part.
The output liquid that contains the silt particle firstly gets into the entry module, and it includes inlet tube 1 and inside convergent spray tube 2, and output liquid gets into vertical cylindrical barrel 3 after 2 steadily accelerate of convergent spray tube, and convergent spray tube 2 has reduced the impact of output liquid to vertical cylindrical barrel 3. The inlet pipe 1 is tangent to the vertical cylindrical barrel 3 and forms an inclination angle of 27 degrees so as to promote the development of the produced liquid to stable stratified flow, thereby realizing the preliminary pre-separation of gas, liquid and silt.
After the produced liquid tangentially enters the vertical cylindrical barrel 3, due to different centrifugal forces caused by different densities, the gas phase with lower density rises to the top of the barrel 3 and is accumulated at the top, and after the gas phase is accumulated to a certain degree, the gas phase enters the gas phase pipe 27 through the gas holes 28 arranged on the gas phase pipe 27 and is conveyed to a downstream gas pipeline.
The liquid phase with higher density and the silt flow to the lower part of the vertical cylindrical barrel 3. Spiral guide vanes 5 are distributed on the outer side of a cylindrical protection cover 4 on the lower portion of the vertical cylindrical barrel 3, the inner wall of the vertical cylindrical barrel 3, the outer wall of the cylindrical protection cover 4 and the spiral guide vanes form a closed spiral channel, secondary cyclone separation is carried out on liquid phase and silt in the spiral channel, and the separated liquid phase enters the interior of the protection cover from the bottom of the cylindrical protection cover 4. An electrical submersible pump pipe string module is distributed in the shield and comprises a motor 23, a pump suction inlet 24, a centrifugal pump 25 and a liquid phase pipe 26. Liquid phase entering the interior of the shroud enters the liquid phase tube 26 from the pump intake 24 and is delivered to the downstream liquid line. Notably, liquid phase tube 26 is coaxially disposed with gas phase tube 27.
After the secondary cyclone separation, the silt moves downwards along the cylinder wall of the vertical cylindrical cylinder 3 and enters the desanding module at the lower part. The silt is deposited at the bottom of the vertical cylindrical barrel 3, and the sand separating plate 8 at the bottom of the barrel can enable the silt to be stably accumulated at two sides of the barrel. Photoelectric sensors 6 and 7 are installed on the outer side of the wall of the vertical cylindrical barrel 3, under normal conditions, the transmitting end 6 of the photoelectric sensor transmits optical signals, and the optical signals pass through the hole 9 in the top of the sand separating plate and are received by the receiving end 7 of the photoelectric sensor. When the silt is accumulated to a certain height, the signal receiving of the photoelectric sensor receiving end 7 can be blocked, the signal change can enable the controller connected with the photoelectric sensors 6 and 7 to send out signals, the signals are transmitted to the electric valves 12 and 13 at the bottom of the cylinder body through the cables 10 and 11, and the electric valves 12 and 13 are controlled to be opened to discharge the silt.
The discharged mud and sand enter a sand storage chamber 15 at the lower part of the vertical cylindrical barrel 3, a wedge-shaped baffle 16 is arranged inside the sand storage chamber 15, and the wedge-shaped baffle 16 enables the sand to be accumulated at the right side of the sand storage chamber 15. The height of the sand can be observed through a window 17 with scales on the right side of the sand storage chamber 15, and when the height exceeds a certain value, the electric valve 14 is opened to discharge the sand in the sand storage chamber 15.
After the gas-liquid cyclone separator is provided with internal components, the separation efficiency can be reduced, the liquid level control module can control the liquid level in the separator to be stable, and the separator is ensured to be at higher separation efficiency. It mainly relies on three pressure sensors 18, 19, 20 distributed vertically along the vertical cylindrical barrel 3, the principle is as follows:
1) obtaining the density of the liquid phase
The pressure values of the
pressure sensor 18 at the lower part and the
pressure sensor 19 at the middle part are respectively
P 1、
P 2Calculating the density of the liquid in the separator as shown in formula (a):
(a)
in the formula (a), the reaction mixture is,H' is the vertical distance of the two lower pressure sensors.
2) Obtaining the height of the liquid level
The pressure values of the
pressure sensor 19 at the middle part and the
pressure sensor 20 at the upper part are respectively
P 2、
P 3Calculating the height of the liquid level in the separator
HAs shown in formula (b):
(b)
in the formula (b), ρ is the liquid phase density as determined in the above formula.
The pressure of the pressure sensor is converted into an electrical signal for collection, and the electrical signal is transmitted through the cables 21 and 22. After the liquid level height in the separator is obtained, the liquid level height is compared with a set liquid level 29, if the liquid level is higher or lower, the output frequency of a frequency converter in the system is changed through a PID control loop in the automatic control system, the output frequency is converted into an electric signal and is transmitted to a motor 23 in the separator, and the output flow of a centrifugal pump 25 is controlled by changing the rotating speed of the motor 23 so that the liquid level is stabilized near the set liquid level 29.
The working process of the gas-liquid cyclone separator is as follows:
1. the produced liquid containing the silt enters the vertical cylindrical barrel body tangentially after being accelerated by the inlet pipe and the reducing spray pipes in the inlet pipe.
2. After the produced liquid enters the cylinder, the gas phase with low density rises to the top of the cylinder due to different centrifugal forces caused by different densities, enters the gas phase pipe through the gas holes arranged on the gas phase pipe under the self pressure, and is conveyed to a downstream gas pipeline.
3. The liquid phase with high density and the silt flow downwards along the cylinder, and after the secondary cyclone separation of the spiral guide vane at the lower part of the protective cover, the liquid phase enters the protective cover from the bottom of the protective cover, enters the liquid phase pipe through the suction inlet of the electric submersible pump and is conveyed to a downstream liquid phase pipeline.
4. The silt after the secondary cyclone separation of the spiral guide vane continues to move downwards along the cylinder wall and is accumulated at the bottom of the vertical cylindrical cylinder, and when the silt is accumulated to a certain height, the signal of the photoelectric sensor can be blocked, so that the controller sends a signal to control the electric valve at the bottom of the cylinder to be opened, and the sand is discharged into the sand storage chamber at the bottom.
5. The wedge-shaped baffle at the bottom of the sand storage chamber enables sand to be stacked on the right side of the sand storage chamber, the stacking height of the sand is observed through a transparent window with scales on the right side of the sand storage chamber, and when the stacking height exceeds a certain height, the valve is opened to discharge the sand in the sand storage chamber.
6. After the separator is added with internal components, the separation efficiency is reduced, and the liquid level in the separator can be controlled to be stable by the three pressure sensors vertically distributed along the vertical cylindrical barrel, so that the separator is ensured to be at higher separation efficiency.
7. The lower 2 pressure sensors are used for measuring the liquid phase density, and the liquid level of the liquid in the separator is obtained by combining the pressure difference obtained by the upper 2 pressure sensors with the liquid phase density; the liquid level is compared with a set liquid level, and the PID control loop is utilized to change the output frequency of the frequency converter, so that the electric submersible pump pumps corresponding liquid phase flow to control the liquid level of the separator.