CN111378853A - Method for preparing vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system - Google Patents
Method for preparing vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system, which comprises the following steps: fully and uniformly mixing the cryolite system molten salt, the vanadium oxide and the aluminum particles in a mixer to obtain a composite material, wherein the mass ratio of the cryolite system molten salt to the vanadium oxide to the aluminum particles is as follows when the vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy is prepared: 85-95: 18.57: 7.2-8.0, 85-95: 18.57: 19 to 20. Roasting the composite material in a closed high-temperature furnace at a specified temperature to obtain a slag-metal mixed material, wherein the roasting temperature is 960-1020 ℃, and the heat preservation time in the furnace is 2-4 h; and carrying out slag-metal separation on the slag-metal mixed material to obtain vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy. The method reduces the reaction temperature on one hand, and the aluminothermic reduction reaction temperature is about 1000 ℃; on the other hand, cryolite system molten salt is adopted, and the separated slag is electrolyzed and crushed to obtain aluminum particles, so that the aluminum particles can be recycled in the process, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for preparing vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system
Background
China is the second largest vanadium resource owning country in the world, and the storage quantity of the vanadium resources is V2O5In total, over 2000 million tons, second only to south africa. Although the price of vanadium and vanadium alloy is high, the dosage of vanadium is less, and the vanadium has obvious effect of improving the performance of steel, so the vanadium-vanadium alloy has great popularization and application values. Vanadium has a high melting point and is highly resistant to corrosion at low temperatures, and is therefore widely used in the fields of aerospace, metallurgy, energy, transportation, chemical engineering, biomedicine and the like. The above of non-steel alloys are reported to be used for the production of non-ferrous alloys and magnetic alloys, of which titanium alloys account for the vast majority. The vanadium (the addition amount is 1%) in the titanium alloy can be used as a reinforcer and a stabilizer, and when 4% of vanadium is added into the iron alloy, the alloy has good ductility and formability. In the aerospace industry, there is currently no material that can replace ferroalloys. The vanadium-titanium-containing alloy can be used for producing jet engine shells, high-speed spacecraft shells and rocket engine shells. The vanadium-aluminum alloy is a high-grade alloy material widely used in the field of aerospace, has high hardness, elasticity, seawater resistance and lightness, and is used for manufacturing seaplanes and water gliders. With the launching of flying boats and ChangE detectors in China and the establishment of large airplane projects, the ferrovanadium and vanadium-aluminum alloy intermediate technology will become the right oneSome major scientific research units and manufacturers in China have major issues. Therefore, it is of little importance to produce high purity vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloys.
At present, a plurality of methods for preparing vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy exist, such as a vacuum carbothermic method, a silicothermic method, a calthermic method, an aluminothermic method and the like, but only an aluminothermic reduction process is popularized and applied. The aluminothermic reduction process is carried out by adding vanadium oxide V2O5And V2O3The method adds aluminum as a reducing agent to refine vanadium, but has the following defects: 1) a large amount of metallic aluminum is consumed; 2) the smelting temperature is high, and the energy consumption is high; 3) large amounts of lime are consumed, large amounts of slag are produced, and the slag is difficult to recycle. In order to reduce the smelting temperature of vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy, the vanadium loss and the consumption of reduced aluminum from the source, a new preparation method of vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy and vanadium-aluminum alloy is needed and necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: if a method with low energy consumption, low aluminum consumption and high vanadium yield is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system comprises the following steps:
s1, fully and uniformly mixing the cryolite system molten salt, the vanadium oxide and the aluminum particles in a mixer to obtain a composite material: wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when vanadium is prepared, the mass ratio of cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles is as follows: 85-95: 18.57: 7.2-8.0;
when the vanadium-aluminum alloy is prepared, the mass ratio of cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles is as follows: 85-95: 18.57: 19-20;
s2, roasting the composite material in a sealed high-temperature furnace at a specified temperature to obtain a slag-metal mixed material, wherein the roasting temperature is 960-1020 ℃, and the heat preservation time in the furnace is 2-4 hours;
and S3, performing slag-metal separation on the slag-metal mixed material to obtain vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy.
As optimization, the method also comprises the treatment steps of slag after slag-metal separation: s4: electrolyzing and crushing the slag obtained in the step S3 to obtain aluminum particles, and adding the aluminum particles into the step S1 again to participate in the preparation of vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy.
Optimally, the cryolite system molten salt is cryolite and CaF2、AlF3Wherein CaF2The amount of addition was 5%, and cR ═ n (NaF)/n (AlF)3)＝2.1～2.3。
Preferably, the vanadium oxide is V2O3And/or V2O5。
As an optimization, the particle size requirement of the composite material in S1 is: 2-5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
1. by adopting the aluminothermic reduction process, the reaction heat can ensure the sufficient supply of the heat in the reduction process, which provides good dynamic conditions for the reaction.
2. The method reduces the reaction temperature, reduces the energy consumption because the aluminothermic reduction reaction temperature is about 1000 ℃, improves the heat utilization rate and reduces the energy consumption; on the other hand, cryolite system molten salt is adopted, and the separated slag is electrolyzed and crushed to obtain aluminum particles, so that the aluminum particles can be recycled in the process, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
3. The invention applies the cryolite fused salt system to the preparation process of vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy, and the generated alumina is dissolved in the cryolite fused salt system, so that the problem of the generated alumina coating can be effectively solved, and the metal aluminum and the vanadium oxide are always in full contact and react.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process of the method of the present invention.
Figure 2 is the oxygen potentials of the metallic aluminum and vanadium oxides.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Example 1: a method for preparing vanadium by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system comprises the following steps:
s1, fully and uniformly mixing cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles in a mixer to obtain a composite material. Wherein cryolite and CaF are added into the cryolite system molten salt2And AlF3cR is 2.2; the cryolite system molten salt, the vanadium oxide and the aluminum particles are in the mass ratio: 90: 18.57: 8;
s2, roasting the composite material in a closed high-temperature furnace at a specified temperature to obtain a slag-metal mixed material. Wherein the roasting temperature is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time in the furnace is 4 h;
and S3, carrying out slag-metal separation on the slag-metal mixed material to obtain vanadium.
Compared with the traditional process, the reaction temperature is reduced from 2000 ℃ to 980 ℃, and the yield is improved from 63.7% to 66.9%.
Example 2: a method for preparing vanadium by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system comprises the following steps:
s1, fully and uniformly mixing cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles in a mixer to obtain a composite material. Wherein cryolite and CaF are added into the cryolite system molten salt2And AlF3cR is 2.1; the cryolite system molten salt, the vanadium oxide and the aluminum particles are in the mass ratio: 95: 18.57: 7.6;
s2, roasting the composite material in a closed high-temperature furnace at a specified temperature to obtain a slag-metal mixed material. Wherein the roasting temperature is 1020 ℃, and the heat preservation time in the furnace is 2 h;
and S3, carrying out slag-metal separation on the slag-metal mixed material to obtain vanadium.
Compared with the traditional process, the reaction temperature is reduced from 2000 ℃ to 1020 ℃, and the yield is improved from 63.7% to 66.7%.
Example 3: a method for preparing vanadium by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system comprises the following steps:
s1, fully and uniformly mixing cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles in a mixer to obtain a composite material. Wherein cryolite and CaF are added into the cryolite system molten salt2And AlF3cR is 2.3; the cryolite system molten salt, the vanadium oxide and the aluminum particles are in the mass ratio: 85: 18.57: 7.2;
s2, roasting the composite material in a closed high-temperature furnace at a specified temperature to obtain a slag-metal mixed material. Wherein the roasting temperature is 1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time in the furnace is 3 h;
and S3, carrying out slag-metal separation on the slag-metal mixed material to obtain metal vanadium.
Compared with the traditional process, the reaction temperature is reduced from 2000 ℃ to 1000 ℃, and the yield is improved from 63.7% to 66.5%.
Example 4: referring to fig. 1-2, a method for preparing vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide by cryolite system comprises the following steps:
s1, fully and uniformly mixing cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles in a mixer to obtain a composite material. Wherein cryolite and CaF are added into the cryolite system molten salt2And AlF3cR is 2.3; the cryolite system molten salt, the vanadium oxide and the aluminum particles are in the mass ratio: 85: 18.57: 19.5;
s2, roasting the composite material in a closed high-temperature furnace at a specified temperature to obtain a slag-metal mixed material. Wherein the roasting temperature is 960 ℃, and the heat preservation time in the furnace is 2 hours;
and S3, carrying out slag-metal separation on the slag-metal mixed material to obtain the vanadium-aluminum alloy.
Compared with the traditional process, the reaction temperature is reduced from 2000 ℃ to 960 ℃, and the yield is improved from 64.8% to 66.7%.
Example 5: a method for preparing vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system comprises the following steps:
s1, fully and uniformly mixing cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles in a mixer to obtain a composite material. Wherein cryolite and CaF are added into the cryolite system molten salt2And AlF3cR is 2.3; the cryolite system molten salt, the vanadium oxide and the aluminum particles are in the mass ratio: 90: 18.57: 20;
s2, roasting the composite material in a closed high-temperature furnace at a specified temperature to obtain a slag-metal mixed material. Wherein the roasting temperature is 980 ℃, and the heat preservation time in the furnace is 3 h;
and S3, carrying out slag-metal separation on the slag-metal mixed material to obtain the vanadium-aluminum alloy.
Compared with the traditional process, the reaction temperature is reduced from 2000 ℃ to 980 ℃, and the yield is improved from 64.8% to 66.5%.
Example 6: a method for preparing vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system comprises the following steps:
s1, fully and uniformly mixing cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles in a mixer to obtain a composite material. Wherein cryolite and CaF are added into the cryolite system molten salt2And AlF3cR is 2.3; the cryolite system molten salt, the vanadium oxide and the aluminum particles are in the mass ratio: 95: 18.57: 19;
s2, roasting the composite material in a closed high-temperature furnace at a specified temperature to obtain a slag-metal mixed material. Wherein the roasting temperature is 1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time in the furnace is 3 h;
and S3, carrying out slag-metal separation on the slag-metal mixed material to obtain the vanadium-aluminum alloy.
Compared with the traditional process, the reaction temperature is reduced from 2000 ℃ to 1000 ℃, and the yield is improved from 64.8% to 66.3%.
As can be seen from examples 1 to 6: compared with the traditional process, the method has the advantages that the yield is effectively improved, and the metal vanadium and the vanadium-aluminum alloy are respectively improved from 63.7% and 64.8% to 66.3-66.9%; the mass ratio of the cryolite system molten salt is properly reduced or the mass ratio of the aluminum particles is increased, so that the yield is slightly improved.
Compared with the traditional process, the method disclosed by the invention not only effectively improves the yield, but also obviously reduces the energy consumption, and the specific analysis is as follows:
(1) a preparation process of metal vanadium.
Based on 1t of metal vanadium production: the required raw materials are as follows: n isV2O3,1＝9.80392kmol，mV2O3,11470.588 kg; reducing agent: n isAl,1＝4.90196kmol，mAl,1＝529.412kg
The traditional process comprises the following steps: lime amount: n isCaO,1＝2.45098kmol，mCaO,1＝274.510kg
The heat required in the heating and heat preservation processes of the mixture is as follows:
the heating process needs heat:
the heat preservation process needs heat:
Q2＝Q1×30％×3＝3104346.3kJ
total heat:
Q3＝Q1+Q2＝6553620.1kJ
the new process comprises the following steps: cryolite: n isNa3AlF6,1＝26.02541kmol，mNa3AlF6,15543.412 kg; aluminum fluoride: n isAlF3,1＝9.42757kmol，mAlF3,1274.510 kg; calcium fluoride: n isCaF2,1＝5.07638kmol，mCaF2,1＝274.510kg；
The heat required in the heating and heat preservation processes of the mixture is as follows:
the heating process needs heat:
the heat preservation process needs heat:
Q5＝Q4×10％×4＝3931079.0kJ
the slag after the slag-metal separation can be directly used in the aluminum electrolysis process without additional heating, so the total heat is only calculated and the heat is needed in the heat preservation process:
Q6＝Q5＝3931079.0kJ
energy consumption is reduced:
Q7＝Q3-Q6＝2622541.1kJ。
(2) a vanadium-aluminum alloy preparation process.
Based on the production of 1t AlV 55: the required raw materials are as follows: n isV2O3,2＝5.39216kmol，mV2O3,2808.823 kg; reducing agent: n isAl,2＝27.45099kmol，mAl,2＝741.177kg
The traditional process comprises the following steps: lime amount: n isCaO,2＝1.34804kmol，mCaO,2＝150.981kg
The heat required in the heating and heat preservation processes of the mixture is as follows:
the heating process needs heat:
the heat preservation process needs heat:
Q9＝Q8×30％×3＝1707390.5kJ
total heat:
Q10＝Q8+Q9＝3604491.0kJ
the new process comprises the following steps: cryolite: n isNa3AlF6,2＝14.31398kmol，mNa3AlF6,23048.877 kg; aluminum fluoride: n isAlF3,2＝5.18516kmol，mAlF3,2150.981 kg; calcium fluoride: n isCaF2,2＝2.79201kmol，mCaF2,2＝150.981kg；
The heat required in the heating and heat preservation processes of the mixture is as follows:
the heating process needs heat:
the heat preservation process needs heat:
Q12＝Q11×10％×4＝2553009.7kJ
the slag after the slag-metal separation can be directly used in the aluminum electrolysis process without additional heating, so the total heat is only calculated and the heat is needed in the heat preservation process:
Q13＝Q12＝2553009.7kJ
energy consumption is reduced:
Q14＝Q10-Q13＝1051481.2kJ。
the principle analysis of the method of the invention is as follows:
the reduction process of the vanadium oxide conforms to the basic of gradual reduction of variable valence metal oxides, and V is sequentially adopted2O5-VO2-V2O3-VO. The oxygen potentials of the metal aluminum and the metal vanadium oxide are calculated based on a thermodynamic software Factsage reaction module and are shown in a figure 2. As shown in the figure, V2O5、V2O4、V2O3And the oxygen potential of VO is located in aluminumAbove the oxygen potential line, it is shown that under the present conditions, aluminum can reduce vanadium oxide to vanadium metal. The existing method for producing metal vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy is an aluminothermic reduction method, but a large amount of lime is required to be added in the process, so that a large amount of waste slag is generated. The proposal changes the original waste residue into the available aluminum electrolysis raw material, not only solves the problem that the waste residue is difficult to treat, but also recycles the reducing agent aluminum, thereby greatly reducing the production cost. In addition, alumina generated in the reduction process is dissolved in a cryolite system, so that the problem of oxide coating in the reduction process is solved, the reducing agent is fully contacted with vanadium oxide, and the dynamic conditions of the reaction are improved. In conclusion, the proper reduction of the mass ratio of the cryolite system molten salt can reduce the amount of generated slag, thereby reducing the vanadium loss and improving the yield; similarly, the mass ratio of aluminum particles is properly increased to make the reduction reaction of vanadium easier to proceed and generate more metals, but the excessive aluminum particles are added to melt the aluminum particles into the vanadium metal, so that the aluminum content in the vanadium metal or vanadium-aluminum alloy is increased, and the quality of the vanadium metal or vanadium-aluminum alloy is affected, therefore, the mass ratio of the aluminum particles is strictly controlled.
The most important invention point of the invention is that the process of electrolyzing aluminum and the process of preparing vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction are organically combined together, and the addition of cryolite fused salt can melt the alumina generated by the reaction, thereby effectively solving the problem of wrapping the generated alumina, leading the reactants to be fully contacted and improving the dynamic conditions of the reaction. In addition, the process can also obtain aluminum from separated slag through electrolysis, so that the reducing agent aluminum can be recycled, and the production cost is greatly reduced. The prior electrolytic aluminum technology tends to be perfect, and the cryolite molten salt system is applied to vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy smelting, so that not only can high-purity vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy be obtained, but also aluminum can be recycled as a reducing agent, and the smelting cost of the vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy is greatly reduced.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide in cryolite system is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, fully and uniformly mixing the cryolite system molten salt, the vanadium oxide and the aluminum particles in a mixer to obtain a composite material: wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when vanadium is prepared, the mass ratio of cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles is as follows: 85-95: 18.57: 7.2-8.0;
when the vanadium-aluminum alloy is prepared, the mass ratio of cryolite system molten salt, vanadium oxide and aluminum particles is as follows: 85-95: 18.57: 19-20;
s2, roasting the composite material in a sealed high-temperature furnace at a specified temperature to obtain a slag-metal mixed material, wherein the roasting temperature is 960-1020 ℃, and the heat preservation time in the furnace is 2-4 hours;
and S3, performing slag-metal separation on the slag-metal mixed material to obtain vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy.
2. A process for preparing vanadium or a vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxides in cryolite systems as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the method also comprises the treatment steps of slag after the slag-metal separation:
and S4, electrolyzing and crushing the slag obtained in the step S3 to obtain aluminum particles, and adding the aluminum particles into the step S1 again to participate in the preparation of vanadium or vanadium-aluminum alloy.
3. A process for preparing vanadium or a vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxides in cryolite systems as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein: the cryolite system molten salt is cryolite and CaF2、AlF3Wherein cR ═ n (naf)/n (AlF), for example, can be used3)＝2.1～2.3。
4. A process for preparing vanadium or a vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxides in cryolite systems as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the vanadium oxide is V2O3And/or V2O5。
5. A process for preparing vanadium or a vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxides in cryolite systems as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the particle size requirement of the composite material in the S1 is as follows: 2-5 mm.
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