CN111378201B - Preparation method of environment-friendly high-water-absorption water-retention material - Google Patents
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- CN111378201B CN111378201B CN202010400347.0A CN202010400347A CN111378201B CN 111378201 B CN111378201 B CN 111378201B CN 202010400347 A CN202010400347 A CN 202010400347A CN 111378201 B CN111378201 B CN 111378201B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/048—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase
- C08J2201/0484—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase the liquid phase being aqueous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2301/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08J2301/28—Alkyl ethers
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an environment-friendly high water-absorbing and water-retaining material, which takes natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivatives as raw materials and prepares the environment-friendly high water-absorbing and water-retaining material by sol-gel and freeze drying technologies. The water absorption rate of the high water absorption and retention material can reach 252 g/g-584 g/g, the water absorption rate can reach 0.554 g/min-1.285 g/min, the water retention rate can reach 69.9% -94.47%, and the tensile strength can reach 39.22 kPa. The material prepared by the invention has the advantages of high water absorption rate, high water retention rate, high mechanical property and the like, and is simple in preparation process, mild in reaction condition, non-toxic, harmless, green, environment-friendly and easy to degrade, and the environment cannot be polluted after the material is used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of natural polymers, chemical engineering and environmental engineering, relates to a functional material, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an environment-friendly high-water-absorption water-retention material.
Background
The distribution of the fresh water resources on the earth is uneven, and some regions are in a serious water shortage state. In the process of water shortage, due to the increase of economic development and population, the water consumption is continuously increased, the sewage discharge is also increased, and many places face the challenges of severe problems of wetland degradation, river channel cutoff, groundwater excess mining, reduction of seawater intake and the like. The preparation technology of the environment-friendly water-absorbing material with simple preparation, low cost, high water absorption and water retention is an important solution for the crisis of global water resources.
Most of traditional water-absorbing materials are acrylic acid products and acrylamide products, are functional polymer materials with extremely strong water-absorbing capacity, and are widely applied to various fields. But the acrylic crosslinked resin has high cost, low water absorption rate under high-concentration electrolyte and poor water retention capacity, and 90 percent of water-absorbent resin is commonly used for disposable products, most of the water-absorbent resin is finally buried or burnt after being used, cannot be degraded, and can cause secondary environmental problems related to soil, water and air pollution.
In the common industry of water absorption materials such as agriculture, cosmetics, food preservation, sanitary products and the like, in practical application, the water absorption material not only needs larger water absorption amount, but also has higher requirement on water absorption rate, and the higher water absorption rate can improve the use efficiency of the product.
The aerogel is a three-dimensional network structure material, has rich pores and can quickly absorb a large amount of water. The high-porosity three-dimensional network structure can be obtained by physically or chemically crosslinking natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivatives such as cellulose, sodium alginate, chitosan, starch, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and other polymers and removing a solvent. Natural polysaccharides or polysaccharide derivatives are widely used in various fields because of their excellent properties such as good biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, abundant sources, low cost, etc.
The research of natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative aerogel products in the field of high water absorption and water retention materials is rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an environment-friendly high water absorption and water retention material with high water absorption rate, high water retention rate, strong mechanical property and low preparation cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the environment-friendly high water absorption and water retention material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of phosphoric acid buffer solution
Taking potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and water as solvent systems, and respectively mixing a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L and a dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L according to a certain proportion to obtain a phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 6.0;
(2) preparation of homogeneous solution of natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative
Placing the phosphoric acid buffer solution on a stirrer, and adding and stirring natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivatives at a stirring speed of 500-1000 r/min to obtain a uniform solution of the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivatives;
(3) activation of natural polysaccharides or polysaccharide derivatives
Slowly adding an activating agent into a uniform solution of natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivatives, and stirring for 15-30 min at a stirring speed of 500-1000 r/min to obtain an activated polysaccharide solution;
(4) preparation of hydrogel of natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative
Adding a cross-linking agent into a polysaccharide solution, continuously stirring for 2 hours on a stirrer at a stirring speed of 500-1000 r/min, adding N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl ethylenediamine during stirring, standing for 6 hours during mold shaping to obtain gel, soaking the gel in water, repeatedly washing to remove unreacted activating agent, the cross-linking agent and the N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl ethylenediamine, and obtaining natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative hydrogel;
(5) dry forming of natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative hydrogel
The natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative hydrogel is freeze-dried to obtain the environment-friendly high-water-absorption water-retention material.
Preferably, the total mass of the added natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative accounts for 2-4% of the volume of the uniform solution of the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative.
Preferably, the activating agents are 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid groups in the added natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative to the activating agents 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1: 0.5-1.25: 0.25 to 0.625.
Preferably, the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative is added in a molar ratio of carboxylic acid groups to cross-linking agent of 1: 0.25 to 1.25.
Preferably, the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative is added in a molar ratio of carboxylic acid groups to cross-linking agent of 1: 0.75.
preferably, the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative is a carboxyl group-containing natural polysaccharide polymer or a carboxylated polysaccharide derivative.
Preferably, the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative is one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan with a degree of substitution of 0.7-1.2.
Preferably, the cross-linking agent is one or more amino compounds selected from ethylenediamine, dopamine hydrochloride, urea and melamine.
Preferably, the temperature of the freeze drying is-70 to-50 ℃, and the pressure is 1 to 10 pa.
Preferably, the environment-friendly high water absorption and retention material can be prepared into blocks, films, spheres and powder.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly high water absorption and water retention material has the following beneficial effects:
1. the raw materials used by the invention are natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative high molecular compounds, and the invention has the characteristics of wide sources, reproducibility, easy degradation, low price, environmental friendliness and the like; the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative high molecular compound is combined with the excellent environment-friendly performance of the raw materials while preparing the material with high water absorption and water retention properties.
2. The common high water-absorbing and water-retaining materials such as high molecular resin and the like can not be completely degraded, other environmental pollution can be caused after the materials are used, the high water-absorbing and water-retaining materials are easy to degrade, the molecular structure contains nitrogen, and if the high water-absorbing and water-retaining materials are used for an agricultural water-retaining agent, even some necessary elements can be provided for plant growth.
3. The high water absorption and retention material of the invention is nontoxic and harmless, has no harm to human body, and has good skin-friendly property.
4. The high water absorption and retention material has high water absorption rate up to 252-584 g/g, and can absorb a large amount of water.
5. The high water absorption and retention material has a high water absorption rate which can reach 0.554 g/min-1.285 g/min, can achieve the purpose of rapid water absorption, and improves the use efficiency of the material.
6. The invention adopts a gas gelation means in the molding and drying process, and aims to provide a rich pore structure, thereby ensuring that the material can realize rapid water absorption rate and high water absorption.
7. The high water absorption and retention material has high water retention rate which can reach 69.9-94.47 percent and tensile strength which can reach 39.22kPa, and the high water retention rate ensures that the material can stably store water in the use process and then is slowly released to meet the actual application requirements of the material in the use process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows that the molar ratio of the raw material (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) to the cross-linking agent (dopamine hydrochloride) is 1: pictures of the change of the high water absorption and retention material after absorbing water for 6h in the water solution at 0.75.
Fig. 2 shows that the molar ratio of the raw material (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) to the cross-linking agent (dopamine hydrochloride) is 1: SEM photograph of the high water-absorbing and water-retaining material at 0.75 ℃.
FIG. 3 shows the water absorption rates of the high water-absorbing and water-retaining material of the present invention, in which the raw material (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and the cross-linking agent (dopamine hydrochloride) are in different molar ratios.
Fig. 4 shows that the molar ratio of the raw material (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) to the cross-linking agent (dopamine hydrochloride) is 1: the water retention rate of the super absorbent water-retention material prepared at 0.75 time was a curve showing the change with time in an indoor environment.
Fig. 5 shows that the molar ratio of the raw material (sodium carboxymethylcellulose) to the cross-linking agent (dopamine hydrochloride) is 1: the water absorption of the super absorbent water-retaining material prepared at 0.75 time is changed along with the time.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation method of the environment-friendly high water absorption and water retention material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of phosphoric acid buffer solution
12.2ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L and 87.8ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L are respectively mixed to obtain the phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 6.0.
(2) Preparation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution
A phosphoric acid buffer solution having a pH of 6.0 was placed in a stirrer, and 1.5g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was added thereto and stirred at a stirring speed of 500r/min to prepare 50ml of a 3.0% (W/V) homogeneous solution.
(3) Activation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose
The molar ratio of carboxylic acid groups in sodium carboxymethylcellulose to 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1: 1: 0.5 dosage of 1- (3-two methyl amino propyl) -3-ethyl carbon two imine hydrochloride, N-hydroxy succinimide, in 500r/min stirring speed stirring for 15 min.
(4) Preparation of massive sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel
The molar ratio of carboxylic acid groups in the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to dopamine hydrochloride is 1: 0.75 portion of dopamine hydrochloride, 50 mu of l N of N, N ', N' -tetramethylethylenediamine are added and continuously stirred for 2 hours, the mixture is poured into a square mould and stands for 6 hours, and the gel is soaked in water and repeatedly washed to remove the residual activating agent, cross-linking agent and N, N, N ', N' -tetramethylethylenediamine.
(5) Drying and forming of massive sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel
And (5) freeze-drying the sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel prepared in the step (4) to obtain the environment-friendly high-water-absorption water-retention material, wherein the freeze-drying temperature is-70 ℃, and the pressure is 5 pa.
Example 2
The preparation method of the environment-friendly high water absorption and water retention material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of phosphoric acid buffer solution
12.2ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L and 87.8ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L are respectively mixed to obtain the phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 6.0.
(2) Preparation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution
A phosphoric acid buffer solution having a pH of 6.0 was placed in a stirrer, and 1.5g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was added thereto and stirred at a stirring speed of 1000r/min to prepare 50ml of a 3.0% (W/V) homogeneous solution.
(3) Activation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose
The molar ratio of carboxylic acid groups in sodium carboxymethylcellulose to 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1: 0.8: 0.6 dosage of 1- (3-two methyl amino propyl) -3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride, N-hydroxy succinimide, in 1000r/min stirring speed stirring for 30 minutes.
(4) Preparation of film-like sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel (thickness of 0.318cm)
The molar ratio of carboxylic acid groups in the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to dopamine hydrochloride is 1: 0.5 adding dopamine hydrochloride, adding 50 mu l N of N, N ', N' -tetramethyl ethylenediamine, continuously stirring for 2h, pouring into a culture dish with the diameter of 10cm, standing for 6h, soaking the gel in water, and repeatedly washing to remove residual activating agent, cross-linking agent and N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl ethylenediamine.
(5) Drying and molding of film-like sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel (thickness of 0.318cm)
And (5) freeze-drying the film sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel prepared in the step (4) to obtain the environment-friendly high-water-absorption water-retention material, wherein the freeze-drying temperature is 20 ℃, and the pressure is 10 pa.
Example 3
The preparation method of the environment-friendly high water absorption and water retention material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of phosphoric acid buffer solution
12.2ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L and 87.8ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L are respectively mixed to obtain the phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 6.0.
(2) Preparation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution
A phosphoric acid buffer solution having a pH of 6.0 was placed in a stirrer, and 1.5g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was added thereto and stirred at a stirring speed of 800r/min to prepare 50ml of a 3.0% (W/V) homogeneous solution.
(3) Activation of sodium carboxymethylcellulose
The molar ratio of carboxylic acid groups in sodium carboxymethylcellulose to 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1: 0.5: 0.625 dosage of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide were added and stirred at a stirring speed of 800r/min for 20 min.
(4) Preparation of spherical sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel
The molar ratio of carboxylic acid groups in the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to dopamine hydrochloride is 1: 1 adding dopamine hydrochloride, adding 50 mu l N of N, N ', N' -tetramethyl ethylenediamine, continuously stirring for 2h, pouring into a spherical mould, standing for 6h, and soaking the gel in water for repeatedly cleaning to remove residual activating agent, cross-linking agent and N, N, N ', N' -tetramethyl ethylenediamine.
(5) Drying and forming of spherical sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel
And (5) freeze-drying the spherical sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel prepared in the step (4) to obtain the environment-friendly high-water-absorption water-retention material, wherein the freeze-drying temperature is 50 ℃, and the pressure is 3 pa.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of the water-retentive material of the present invention (block sample as an example) before and after absorbing water in an aqueous solution for 6 hours. From the results in fig. 1, the volume of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel obviously increases by several times after absorbing water for 6 hours. During the water adsorption process, the block of the sample is obviously swelled, but has no dissolution or breakage phenomenon, which shows that the high water absorption and retention material prepared by the invention has good mechanical property.
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of a high water-absorbing and water-retaining material (block sample as an example) according to the present invention. From FIG. 2, it was found that the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aerogel has a rich pore structure, and the adsorption of water by the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aerogel is due to hydrophilic groups such as-OH, -COOH and-NH on the polymer matrix 2 The binding force with water is stronger, and the physical adsorption of the porous structure to water is realized, so that the abundant pores of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel can obviously improve the adsorption capacity to water.
FIG. 3 shows the water absorption of the high water-absorbing and water-retaining material of the present invention (block sample as an example): respectively taking the molar ratio of monomer carboxylic acid groups in the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to dopamine hydrochloride as 1: 0.25, 1: 0.5, 1: 0.75, 1: 1. 1: 1.25 preparing the blocky sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel, soaking an aerogel sample into deionized water for 24 hours at 25 ℃, taking out the aerogel sample after the gel is swelled and balanced, quickly wiping off the water on the surface, and weighing. The water absorption was calculated as follows:
the water absorption of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose aerogel is 252 g/g-584 g/g as shown in fig. 3, wherein the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid groups in the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the dopamine hydrochloride is 1: the water absorption rate can reach 584g/g at 0.75.
FIG. 4 shows the water retention of the super absorbent water-retention material of the present invention (block sample as an example): and (3) soaking the aerogel sample into deionized water for 24 hours at 25 ℃, taking out the aerogel sample after the gel is swelled and balanced, quickly wiping off the water on the surface, and weighing. Then, the swelling-balanced sodium carboxymethylcellulose aerogel is stored for 24 hours at room temperature (temperature of 20 ℃ and humidity of 70%), the weight of the gel is measured at intervals, and the water retention rate is calculated according to the following formula:
the water retention rate of the obtained sodium carboxymethyl cellulose gel is 69.9-94.47% as shown in figure 4, and the high water retention rate of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose gel enables the material to store a large amount of water in the use process, and then the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose gel is slowly released in the use process of the material to meet the actual application requirements of the material.
FIG. 5 Water absorption Rate of the superabsorbent Water-retention material of the invention (sample in bulk form as an example): at 25 ℃, a dry gel sample is soaked into deionized water, and the relation of the change of the water absorption of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel along with time is measured as shown in figure 5 and is 0.554 g/min-1.285 g/min within a certain period of time, which shows that the high water-absorbing and water-retaining material prepared by the invention has a faster absorption rate on water. The quick water absorption rate of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose aerogel can enable the material to rapidly achieve a high water absorption effect in the using process, and the using efficiency of the material is improved.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of an environment-friendly high water absorption and water retention material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of phosphoric acid buffer solution
Taking potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and water as solvent systems, and respectively mixing a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L and a dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution with the concentration of 0.067mol/L according to a certain proportion to obtain a phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH = 6.0;
(2) preparation of homogeneous solution of natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative
Placing the phosphoric acid buffer solution on a stirrer, and adding and stirring natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivatives at a stirring speed of 500-1000 r/min to obtain a uniform solution of the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivatives;
(3) activation of natural polysaccharides or polysaccharide derivatives
Slowly adding an activating agent into the uniform solution of the natural polysaccharide or the polysaccharide derivative, and stirring for 15-30 min at a stirring speed of 500-1000 r/min to obtain an activated polysaccharide solution; the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative is a carboxyl-containing natural polysaccharide macromolecule or a carboxylated polysaccharide derivative;
(4) preparation of hydrogel of natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative
Adding a cross-linking agent into a polysaccharide solution, continuously stirring for 2 hours on a stirrer at a stirring speed of 500-1000 r/min, adding N, N, N ', N' -tetramethylethylenediamine during stirring, standing for 6 hours during molding of a mold to obtain a gel, soaking the gel in water, repeatedly cleaning to remove unreacted activating agent, the cross-linking agent and the N, N, N ', N' -tetramethylethylenediamine, and obtaining a natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative hydrogel; the cross-linking agent is dopamine hydrochloride; the molar ratio of carboxylic acid groups to the crosslinking agent in the added natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative is 1: 0.75;
(5) dry forming of natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative hydrogel
Carrying out freeze drying on the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative hydrogel to obtain an environment-friendly high-water-absorption water-retention material;
the total mass of the added natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative accounts for 2-4% of the volume of the uniform solution of the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative.
2. The method for preparing the environment-friendly high water absorption and retention material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the activating agent is 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide.
3. The method for preparing the environment-friendly high water absorption and retention material according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid groups in the added natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative to the activating agents 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide is 1: 0.5-1.25: 0.25 to 0.625.
4. The method for preparing the environment-friendly high water absorption and retention material according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the natural polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative is one of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate and carboxymethyl chitosan with the degree of substitution of 0.7-1.2.
5. The method for preparing the environment-friendly high water absorption and retention material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the freeze drying is-70 to-50 ℃, and the pressure is 1 to 10 pa.
6. The method for preparing the environment-friendly high water absorption and retention material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the environment-friendly high water absorption and retention material is prepared into blocks, films, spheres or powder.
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