CN111369876A - Spectrometer for observation by digital camera and adjusting method thereof - Google Patents
Spectrometer for observation by digital camera and adjusting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111369876A CN111369876A CN202010279109.9A CN202010279109A CN111369876A CN 111369876 A CN111369876 A CN 111369876A CN 202010279109 A CN202010279109 A CN 202010279109A CN 111369876 A CN111369876 A CN 111369876A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/22—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for optics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
Abstract
The invention discloses a spectrometer for observation by a digital camera and an adjusting method thereof, which relate to the field of optical experiment teaching instruments and mainly comprise a base, a rotary seat, a rotary shaft, a vernier disk, a dial, an objective table, a collimator, a slit device, a digital camera and an adjusting part; the rotating shaft is arranged on the base, and the collimator is arranged on the base through the bracket; the rotary seat, the dial, the vernier disc and the objective table are sequentially sleeved on a rotary shaft of the rotary seat from bottom to top; the digital camera is arranged on the rotary seat through the adjusting part; one end of the collimator is provided with a slit device, and the other end of the collimator corresponds to the objective table. The invention uses the digital camera to replace a telescope in the traditional spectrometer to observe the experimental phenomenon and record the experimental data, and has the functions of directly showing the optical experimental phenomenon, not needing a larger experimental field, expanding the application range and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical experiment teaching instruments, in particular to a spectrometer for observation by using a digital camera and an adjusting method thereof.
Background
In courses such as university physical experiment, common physical experiment, optical basic experiment and the like, a spectrometer is an important experimental instrument and is a key instrument for experiments such as refractive index measurement, grating spectrum and the like.
The traditional spectrometer adopts a telescope to observe experimental phenomena and measure experimental data, the spectrometer needs to be adjusted before use, the telescope is generally adjusted by an auto-collimation method firstly to be suitable for receiving parallel light, then the telescope and an objective table are adjusted to be vertical to a rotating shaft by a successive approximation method, and finally a collimator is adjusted to be vertical to the rotating shaft and generate the parallel light. Because the observation field of view of the telescope is very small, the teacher is greatly limited in teaching process to the explanation of experimental phenomenon and adjustment method, and simultaneously when adjusting the telescope and the objective table perpendicular to the rotation axis by successive approximation method, the objective table and the initial position of the telescope are difficult to adjust, and students need to spend a large amount of time to adjust the spectrometer, which is not favorable for the students to quickly master the adjustment method of the spectrometer, and the return error and the reading error are easily generated by mechanically rotating the measurement data.
The existing scheme of adopting the camera to replace human eyes to observe the experimental phenomenon is favorable for the exhibition of the experimental phenomenon and is convenient for teachers to explain, but the view field of the experimental device is still limited by a telescope and is still difficult to adjust, and each set of experimental equipment needs a computer or a display, needs a larger experimental field and is greatly limited in application.
In the existing scheme of adopting a CCD or CMOS image sensor to replace an eyepiece in a telescope, because the image sensor needs to be operated by a computer to record experimental data, each set of experimental equipment also needs a computer, and also needs a larger experimental field, and the application is also greatly limited. The method is usually provided with related data processing software on a computer, and can directly obtain an experimental result, which is also not beneficial to cultivating active learning interest of students.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spectrometer for observation by using a digital camera and an adjusting method thereof, which can directly show optical experiment phenomena, do not need a large experiment field and expand the application range.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a spectrometer for observation by a digital camera comprises a base, a rotary seat, a rotary shaft, a vernier disk, a dial, an objective table, a collimator, a slit device, the digital camera and an adjusting part;
the rotating shaft is arranged on the base, and the collimator is arranged on the base through a bracket; the rotary seat, the dial, the vernier disc and the objective table are sequentially sleeved on the rotary shaft from bottom to top; the digital camera is arranged on the rotary seat through the adjusting part; the slit device is installed at one end of the collimator, and the other end of the collimator corresponds to the objective table.
Optionally, still include digital camera stop frame, digital camera stop frame is located the base with between the swivel mount, be equipped with digital camera stop screw on the digital camera stop frame, a pot head of digital camera stop frame is located on the rotation axis and pass through data camera stop screw is fixed, when loosening digital camera stop screw, the swivel mount with the digital camera can wind together the rotation axis rotates, screws up during the digital camera stop screw, the swivel mount with the digital camera is fixed.
Optionally, the adjusting part includes a T-shaped upright post, a spring piece, a dovetail groove, a dovetail plate, a lens fastening ring, a digital camera pitch adjusting screw, and a digital camera front and back fixing screw;
the vertical beam part of the T-shaped upright post is arranged on the rotary seat, and the lower end of the vertical beam part of the T-shaped upright post is clamped in the digital camera stopping frame through a digital camera micro-moving screw; one end of the dovetail groove is mounted at one end of a beam part of the T-shaped upright post through the spring piece, the dovetail plate is mounted in the dovetail groove, and the digital camera is mounted on the dovetail plate through the lens fastening ring; the digital camera pitching adjusting screw penetrates through the beam part of the T-shaped upright post and is contacted with the bottom surface of the dovetail groove, the digital camera pitching adjusting screw is arranged on one side far away from the spring piece, and the digital camera pitching adjusting screw is used for adjusting the pitching angle of the digital camera; the front and rear fixing screws of the digital camera penetrate through the side face of the dovetail groove and are in contact with the dovetail plate, and the front and rear fixing screws of the digital camera are used for fixing the front and rear positions of the digital camera.
Optionally, the vernier disk and the dial are in the same plane, the vernier disk is sleeved on the rotating shaft and placed above the rotating seat, and the dial is sleeved on the periphery of the vernier disk; still install digital camera and dial separation and reunion screw on the swivel mount, tighten digital camera and dial separation and reunion screw can make the dial with the swivel mount keeps the linkage, loosens digital camera and dial separation and reunion screw can make the dial with the swivel mount is independent rotation respectively.
Optionally, the vernier disk locking device further comprises a vernier disk locking frame; the vernier disk locking frame is located the objective table with between the vernier disk, one pot head of vernier disk locking frame is located on the rotation axis, the other end of vernier disk locking frame passes through vernier disk fine motion screw to be fixed on the support, vernier disk locking frame still is equipped with vernier disk stop screw, when loosening vernier disk stop screw, the vernier disk can wind the rotation axis rotates.
Optionally, the collimator is fixed on the bracket through a collimator pitching adjusting screw and a collimator left-right offset adjusting screw; the collimator pitching adjusting screw is used for adjusting the pitching angle of the collimator; the collimator left-right offset adjusting screw is used for adjusting the left-right distance of the collimator.
Optionally, the slit device is mounted at one end of the collimator through a slit device locking screw; the slit device is also provided with a slit width adjusting screw, and the slit width adjusting screw is used for adjusting the slit width of the slit device.
Optionally, the objective table is installed the top of rotation axis, 3 objective table adjusting screw are installed to the below of objective table, objective table adjusting screw is used for adjusting objective table plane perpendicular to the rotation axis, the objective table still is equipped with locking screw between objective table and the vernier dial, locking screw is used for making between objective table and the vernier dial the objective table with the vernier dial relatively fixed.
A method of tuning a spectrometer for observation with a digital camera, comprising:
a parallel light adjusting step; the method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, opening a digital camera, setting the digital camera as manual focusing, placing a lens focusing ring of the digital camera at an infinite position, then aligning the digital camera to a collimator, and adjusting a slit device back and forth until a slit image with set definition is observed on the digital camera;
adjusting the objective table and the rotating shaft vertically;
a step of vertically adjusting the collimator and the rotating shaft; the method specifically comprises the following steps: rotating the objective table to change the direction of the double-sided reflector, rotating the digital camera, tracking and observing the slit image, and adjusting the collimator pitching adjusting screw when the vertical position of the slit image is changed until the vertical position of the slit image is not changed any more;
a step of vertically adjusting the digital camera and the rotating shaft; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the digital camera is aligned to the collimator, the double-sided reflector is removed, and a digital camera pitching adjusting screw is adjusted until the slit image is positioned at the position of the horizontal center line of the electronic display screen of the digital camera;
adjusting a slit device; the method specifically comprises the following steps: and rotating the slit device to enable the slit image to be in a vertical state, adjusting the width of the slit until a bright line with set width and set definition is displayed in the digital camera, and screwing down a locking screw of the slit device.
Optionally, the step of adjusting the object stage perpendicular to the rotation axis specifically includes:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the digital camera is rotated to enable the digital camera and parallel light to be located on the same side;
secondly, placing a double-sided reflecting mirror on the objective table, and rotating the slit device to enable the slit image to be in a horizontal state;
thirdly, rotating the objective table, respectively enabling reflected light of a first reflector and reflected light of a second reflector of the double-faced reflector to enter the digital camera, respectively recording a first vertical position and a second vertical position of a slit image in the digital camera, and adjusting an objective table adjusting screw until the first vertical position and the second vertical position are overlapped;
fourthly, rotating the double-sided reflecting mirror by 90 degrees and placing the double-sided reflecting mirror on the objective table, and repeating the third step;
wherein the first vertical position is a vertical position of a slit image in the digital camera when the reflected light of the first reflecting mirror enters the digital camera; the second vertical position is a vertical position of the slit image in the digital camera when the reflected light of the second reflecting mirror enters the digital camera.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a spectrometer for observation by using a digital camera and an adjusting method thereof, wherein the digital camera is used for replacing a telescope in the traditional spectrometer to observe experimental phenomena and record experimental data, and the spectrometer has the functions of directly showing optical experimental phenomena, not needing a larger experimental field, expanding the application range and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a conventional spectrometer;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial view of a spectrometer for observation with a digital camera in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spectrometer for observation with a digital camera according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the vertical adjustment of the spectrometer for observation with a digital camera according to the present invention.
Description of the symbols: 1 is a locking screw between an objective table and a vernier disk, 2 is an objective table adjusting screw, 3 is an objective table, 4 is a vernier disk stop frame, 5 is a collimator, 6 is a slit device locking screw, 7 is a slit device, 8 is a slit width adjusting screw, 9 is a collimator pitch adjusting screw, 10 is a collimator left and right offset adjusting screw, 11 is a vernier disk stop screw, 12 is a vernier disk micro screw, 13 is a swivel base, 14 is a digital camera stop frame, 15 is a base, 16 is a digital camera stop screw, 17 is a digital camera and dial clutch screw, 18 is a dial, 19 is a vernier disk, 20 is a digital camera micro screw, 21 is a T-shaped upright post, 22 is a digital camera pitch adjusting screw, 23 is a spring plate, 24 is a tail groove, 25 is a digital camera front and rear fixing screw, 26 is a dovetail plate, 27 is a digital camera, 28 is a lens fastening ring, and 29 is a lens fastening screw.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a spectrometer for observation by using a digital camera and an adjusting method thereof, which can directly show optical experiment phenomena, do not need a large experiment field and expand the application range.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
A conventional spectrometer, as shown in fig. 1, performs observation of experimental phenomena and measurement of experimental data using a telescope, which measures an angle by rotating the telescope about a rotation axis during an experiment.
The spectrometer physical map provided in this example, as shown in fig. 2, uses a digital camera to observe experimental phenomena and record experimental data instead of a telescope portion in a conventional spectrometer.
The spectrometer provided in this embodiment has a schematic structural view (side view) as shown in fig. 3, and mainly includes a base 15, a rotation shaft, a rotation base 13, a vernier disk 19, a dial 18, a stage 3, a collimator 5, a slit device 7, a digital camera 27, and an adjustment unit.
The rotating shaft is arranged on the base 15, and the collimator 5 is arranged on the base 15 through a bracket; the rotary seat 13, the dial 18, the vernier disc 19 and the objective table 3 are sequentially sleeved on the rotating shaft from bottom to top, so that the equipment can rotate around the rotating shaft; the digital camera 27 is mounted on the swivel base 13 through the adjusting portion so that the digital camera 27 can rotate about the rotation axis; the slit device 7 is installed at one end of the collimator 5, and the other end of the collimator 5 corresponds to the object stage 3.
Preferably, in this example, the digital camera 27 provided in this embodiment preferably has functions of a manual photographing mode, manual focusing, manual control of aperture and shutter speed, live view of an electronic display screen, and the like. At present, common micro single digital cameras, single electric digital cameras and single lens reflex digital cameras on the market can meet the functional requirements. Horizontal and vertical scales are attached to the electronic display screen of the digital camera 27. .
Preferably, the spectrometer provided by the present embodiment further includes a digital camera stopping frame 14, the digital camera stopping frame 14 is located between the base 5 and the rotation base 13, one end of the digital camera stopping frame 14 is sleeved on the rotation shaft, and the other end of the digital camera stopping frame 14 is clamped to the lower end of the adjusting portion by a digital camera micro screw 20. The digital camera locking bracket 14 is provided with a digital camera locking screw 16, when the digital camera locking screw 16 is loosened, the digital camera 27 can rotate around the rotating shaft, when the digital camera locking screw 16 is tightened, the digital camera 27 cannot rotate around the rotating shaft through the digital camera locking bracket 14, and the digital camera fine-motion screw 20 provided by the embodiment is only slightly adjusted.
Preferably, the adjusting part provided in this embodiment is installed at one end of the rotary seat 13. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the adjusting part is connected with the digital camera stop bracket 14 through the digital camera micro-screw 20, and whether the digital camera 27 can rotate around a rotating shaft or not is controlled through the data camera stop screw 16.
Preferably, the adjusting part provided by the present embodiment includes a T-shaped pillar 21, a spring plate 23, a dovetail groove 24, a dovetail plate 26, a lens fastening ring 28, a digital camera tilt adjusting screw 22, and a digital camera front and rear fixing screw 25.
The vertical beam part of the T-shaped upright post 21 is arranged on the rotary seat 13 and is connected with the digital camera stopping frame 14 through a digital camera micro screw 20, one end of the dovetail groove 24 is mounted to one end of the beam portion of the T-shaped pillar 21 through the spring piece 23, the dovetail plate 26 is mounted in the dovetail groove 24, the digital camera 27 is mounted on the dovetail plate 26 through the lens fastening ring 28, the dovetail plate 26 is movable back and forth in the dovetail groove 24, the digital camera 27 can be moved closer to or farther from the stage 3, and can be fixed in place with the digital camera front and rear fixing screws 25, namely, the front and rear fixing screws 25 of the digital camera pass through the side of the dovetail groove 24 and contact the dovetail plate 26, thereby realizing the function of fixing the front and back positions of the digital camera 27 by the front and back fixing screws 25 of the digital camera.
In addition, the digital camera pitch adjustment screw 22 passes through the beam portion of the T-shaped upright 21 and contacts the bottom surface of the dovetail groove 24, and the digital camera pitch adjustment screw 22 is installed on the side away from the spring plate 23, i.e., at the other end of the dovetail groove 24, thereby achieving the function of adjusting the pitch angle of the digital camera 27 by the digital camera pitch adjustment screw 22.
The adjusting part further includes lens fastening screws 29 in a number matching the number of the lens fastening rings 28, and the digital camera 27 is first mounted on the dovetail plate 26 through the lens fastening rings 28, and then the lens fastening screws 29 are mounted on the lens fastening rings 28 to keep the digital camera 27 and the dovetail plate 26 relatively stationary.
Preferably, this embodiment provides the vernier disk 19 with the calibrated scale 18 is in the coplanar, vernier disk 19 cover is established on the rotation axis and is placed in swivel mount 13 top, calibrated scale 18 cover is established around vernier disk 19, still install digital camera and calibrated scale clutch screw 17 on the swivel mount 13 and adjust in order to realize digital camera and calibrated scale clutch screw 17 digital camera 27 with linkage between calibrated scale 18 or independent rotation function respectively specifically are screwed up digital camera and calibrated scale clutch screw 17 can make calibrated scale 18 with swivel mount 13 keeps the linkage, loosens digital camera and calibrated scale clutch screw 17 can make calibrated scale 18 with swivel mount 13 independently rotates respectively.
Preferably, the support provided by the embodiment is of an inverted L-shaped structure.
Preferably, the spectrometer provided in the present embodiment further includes a vernier disk stopper 4; the vernier disk stopping frame 4 is located between the objective table 3 and the vernier disk 19, one end of the vernier disk stopping frame 4 is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the other end of the vernier disk stopping frame 4 is fixed on a vertical beam of the support through a vernier disk micro-screw 12, the vernier disk stopping frame is further provided with a vernier disk stopping screw 11, when the vernier disk stopping screw 11 is loosened, the vernier disk 19 can rotate around the rotating shaft, and the vernier disk stopping screw 11 is screwed up to enable the vernier disk 19 to keep static.
Preferably, the collimator 5 provided in this embodiment is fixed on the beam of the bracket through the collimator pitch adjusting screw 9, the collimator yaw adjusting screw 10 and the fastening ring structure; specifically, the collimator 5 is mounted on the cross beam of the bracket through a fastening ring structure, then the collimator left-right offset adjusting screw 10 enters from the side surface of the lower half part of the fastening ring structure to realize the function of adjusting the distance between the collimator 5 and the left and the right by the collimator left-right offset adjusting screw 10, when the collimator 5 is adjusted to a proper position, the collimator left-right offset adjusting screw 10 stops, finally the collimator pitch adjusting screw 9 penetrates through the bottom of the cross beam of the bracket and enters from the bottom of the fastening ring structure to realize the function of adjusting the pitch angle of the collimator 5 by the collimator pitch adjusting screw 9, and when the collimator 5 is adjusted to a proper position, the collimator pitch adjusting screw 9 stops. The collimator pitching adjusting screw 9 is located at one end of the cross beam of the bracket, and the collimator left-right deviation adjusting screw 10 is located at the other end of the cross beam of the bracket.
Preferably, the slit device 7 provided by the present embodiment is mounted at one end of the collimator 5 by a slit device locking screw 6; the side surface of the slit device 7 is further provided with a slit width adjusting screw 8, and the slit width adjusting screw 8 is used for adjusting the slit width of the slit device 7.
Preferably, the object stage 3 provided by this embodiment is installed on the top of the rotating shaft, 3 evenly-arranged object stage adjusting screws 2 are further installed below the object stage 3, and the object stage adjusting screws 2 are used for adjusting the plane of the object stage to be perpendicular to the rotating shaft; the objective table 3 is further provided with a locking screw 1 between the objective table and the vernier dial, and when the locking screw 1 between the objective table and the vernier dial is screwed down, the objective table 3 and the vernier dial 19 are fixed relatively.
Example 2
The tuning method of the spectrometer provided in application example 1 was as follows:
1. and a parallel light adjusting step.
The method comprises the steps of firstly opening a digital camera, setting the digital camera to be manually focused, placing a lens focusing ring of the digital camera at an infinite position, then aligning the digital camera with a collimator, and adjusting a slit device back and forth until the clearest slit image is observed on the digital camera. At this time, the requirement of adjusting the parallel light is met, namely the parallel light pipe can generate the parallel light, and the digital camera is suitable for receiving the parallel light.
2. And (5) vertically adjusting.
(1) And adjusting the object stage and the rotating shaft vertically.
First, the digital camera is rotated so that it is on the same side as the parallel light, as shown in fig. 4 (top view). And secondly, placing a double-faced reflector on the objective table, and rotating the slit device to enable the slit image to be in a horizontal state, namely, when light emitted by the collimator tube is reflected to enter the digital camera, observing the horizontal slit image in the digital camera. Thirdly, rotating the objective table, respectively enabling the reflected light of the first reflector a and the reflected light of the second reflector b of the double-faced reflector to enter the digital camera, and respectively recording the first vertical position H of the slit image in the digital cameraaAnd a second vertical position HbAnd adjusting the stage adjustment screw until the first vertical position HaAnd said second vertical position HbAnd (4) overlapping. And fourthly, rotating the double-sided reflecting mirror by 90 degrees, placing the double-sided reflecting mirror on the object stage, and repeating the third step. Wherein the first vertical position HaThe vertical position of the slit image in the digital camera when the reflected light of the first reflector a enters the digital camera; the second vertical position HbIs the vertical position of the slit image in the digital camera when the reflected light of the second reflecting mirror b enters the digital camera.
(2) And adjusting the collimator to be perpendicular to the rotating shaft.
And slowly rotating the object stage to change the direction of the double-sided reflector, rotating the digital camera to track and observe a slit image formed in the digital camera after being reflected by the reflector, and adjusting the collimator pitching adjusting screw when the vertical position of the slit image is changed until the vertical position of the slit image is not changed any more.
(3) And vertically adjusting the digital camera and the rotating shaft.
And (3) facing the digital camera to the collimator, removing the double-sided reflector, and adjusting a pitching adjusting screw of the digital camera until the slit image is positioned at the position of the horizontal central line of the electronic display screen of the digital camera.
3. And adjusting the slit device.
And rotating the slit device to enable the slit image to be in a vertical state, adjusting the width of the slit until a thin and clear bright line is observed in the digital camera, and screwing down a locking screw of the slit device.
The above completes the adjustment of the spectrometer of this embodiment.
The spectrometer provided by the invention can be used for the measurement of the refractive index of the prism, the transmission grating and other experiments after being adjusted. In the experiment for measuring the refractive index of the triangular prism, if a polychromatic light source (such as a mercury lamp) is adopted, spectral lines with different colors can be observed in a digital camera at the same time, the refractive index of the triangular prism to light with different wavelengths can be calculated through one-time measurement, and the understanding of students on dispersion can be deepened. The measurement method is similar to that of a conventional spectrometer except for the adjustment of the spectrometer. In the transmission grating experiment, the digital camera can simultaneously observe and record the colored spectrogram symmetrical about the 0-level spectral line by facing the collimator, the diffraction angles of spectral lines with different colors can be obtained by utilizing the parameters of the digital camera and the recorded spectrogram, mechanical rotation is not needed, the mechanical measurement error can be reduced, the spectral phenomenon can be observed more intuitively, and the intensity information of different spectral lines can be obtained through the brightness data of the spectrogram.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the spectrometer provided by the invention adopts a digital camera (because the common image sensor of a micro-single or single-electric digital camera has large area and high resolution (generally APS-C picture, the area is 23.7mm × 15.6.6 mm, and the pixel size is several microns)) to replace a telescope with a smaller field of view as an observation tool, has a larger field angle, and can also observe experimental phenomenon details with micron size.
(2) When the spectrometer provided by the invention is used for measuring the refractive index of the prism, spectral lines with different colors can be observed at the same time, the refractive index of the prism to light with different wavelengths can be calculated through one-time measurement, and the understanding of students to dispersion can be deepened.
(3) When the spectrometer provided by the invention is used for carrying out a transmission grating experiment, the digital camera is over against the collimator, so that the color spectrogram symmetrical about the 0-level spectral line can be observed and recorded at the same time, mechanical rotation is not needed, and the diffraction angles of different color spectral lines can be obtained by using the parameters of the digital camera and the recorded spectrogram.
(4) At present, most college students own computers, and the students only need to copy pictures in a memory card of a digital camera to own computers, and finish the processing of experimental data after class by the students, so that the students can contact software such as Matlab and the like to process image basic knowledge, the students can learn more modern experimental methods, and the learning interest of the students is favorably stimulated.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spectrometer for observation by a digital camera is characterized by comprising a base, a rotary seat, a rotary shaft, a vernier disk, a dial, an objective table, a collimator, a slit device, the digital camera and an adjusting part;
the rotating shaft is arranged on the base, and the collimator is arranged on the base through a bracket; the rotary seat, the dial, the vernier disc and the objective table are sequentially sleeved on the rotary shaft from bottom to top; the digital camera is arranged on the rotary seat through the adjusting part; the slit device is installed at one end of the collimator, and the other end of the collimator corresponds to the objective table.
2. A spectrometer as defined in claim 1, further comprising a camera stop bracket disposed between the base and the rotation base, wherein a camera stop screw is provided on the camera stop bracket, an end of the camera stop bracket is fitted over the rotation shaft and fixed by the camera stop screw, the rotation base and the camera are rotatable about the rotation shaft when the camera stop screw is loosened, and the rotation base and the camera are fixed when the camera stop screw is tightened.
3. A spectrometer as claimed in claim 2, wherein said adjusting part comprises a T-shaped post, a spring plate, a dovetail groove, a dovetail plate, a lens fastening ring, a digital camera pitch adjusting screw, and a digital camera front and rear fixing screw;
the vertical beam part of the T-shaped upright post is arranged on the rotary seat, and the lower end of the vertical beam part of the T-shaped upright post is clamped in the digital camera stopping frame through a digital camera micro-moving screw; one end of the dovetail groove is mounted at one end of a beam part of the T-shaped upright post through the spring piece, the dovetail plate is mounted in the dovetail groove, and the digital camera is mounted on the dovetail plate through the lens fastening ring; the digital camera pitching adjusting screw penetrates through the beam part of the T-shaped upright post and is contacted with the bottom surface of the dovetail groove, the digital camera pitching adjusting screw is arranged on one side far away from the spring piece, and the digital camera pitching adjusting screw is used for adjusting the pitching angle of the digital camera; the front and rear fixing screws of the digital camera penetrate through the side face of the dovetail groove and are in contact with the dovetail plate, and the front and rear fixing screws of the digital camera are used for fixing the front and rear positions of the digital camera.
4. A spectrometer as defined in claim 1, wherein said vernier disk and said dial are in the same plane, said vernier disk being fitted over said rotation shaft and above said rotation base, said dial being fitted around said vernier disk; still install digital camera and dial separation and reunion screw on the swivel mount, tighten digital camera and dial separation and reunion screw can make the dial with the swivel mount keeps the linkage, loosens digital camera and dial separation and reunion screw can make the dial with the swivel mount is independent rotation respectively.
5. A spectrometer for observation using a digital camera as defined in claim 1, further comprising a vernier disk stopper frame; the vernier disk locking frame is located the objective table with between the vernier disk, one pot head of vernier disk locking frame is located on the rotation axis, the other end of vernier disk locking frame passes through vernier disk fine motion screw to be fixed on the support, vernier disk locking frame still is equipped with vernier disk stop screw, when loosening vernier disk stop screw, the vernier disk can wind the rotation axis rotates.
6. A spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein said collimator is fixed to said support by a collimator pitch adjustment screw and a collimator yaw adjustment screw; the collimator pitching adjusting screw is used for adjusting the pitching angle of the collimator; the collimator left-right offset adjusting screw is used for adjusting the left-right distance of the collimator.
7. A spectrometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein said slit means is mounted at one end of said collimator by a slit means locking screw; the slit device is also provided with a slit width adjusting screw, and the slit width adjusting screw is used for adjusting the slit width of the slit device.
8. A spectrometer for observation using a digital camera as defined in claim 1, wherein said stage is mounted on top of said rotating shaft, and wherein 3 stage adjustment screws are mounted below said stage for adjusting the plane of said stage perpendicular to said rotating shaft, said stage further comprising locking screws between said stage and said vernier disk for fixing said stage relative to said vernier disk.
9. A method of tuning a spectrometer for observation with a digital camera, comprising:
a parallel light adjusting step; the method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, opening a digital camera, setting the digital camera as manual focusing, placing a lens focusing ring of the digital camera at an infinite position, then aligning the digital camera to a collimator, and adjusting a slit device back and forth until a slit image with set definition is observed on the digital camera;
adjusting the objective table and the rotating shaft vertically;
a step of vertically adjusting the collimator and the rotating shaft; the method specifically comprises the following steps: rotating the objective table to change the direction of the double-sided reflector, rotating the digital camera, tracking and observing the slit image, and adjusting the collimator pitching adjusting screw when the vertical position of the slit image is changed until the vertical position of the slit image is not changed any more;
a step of vertically adjusting the digital camera and the rotating shaft; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the digital camera is aligned to the collimator, the double-sided reflector is removed, and a digital camera pitching adjusting screw is adjusted until the slit image is positioned at the position of the horizontal center line of the electronic display screen of the digital camera;
adjusting a slit device; the method specifically comprises the following steps: and rotating the slit device to enable the slit image to be in a vertical state, adjusting the width of the slit until a bright line with set width and set definition is displayed in the digital camera, and screwing down a locking screw of the slit device.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the step of adjusting the stage perpendicular to the rotation axis comprises:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the digital camera is rotated to enable the digital camera and parallel light to be located on the same side;
secondly, placing a double-sided reflecting mirror on the objective table, and rotating the slit device to enable the slit image to be in a horizontal state;
thirdly, rotating the objective table, respectively enabling reflected light of a first reflector and reflected light of a second reflector of the double-faced reflector to enter the digital camera, respectively recording a first vertical position and a second vertical position of a slit image in the digital camera, and adjusting an objective table adjusting screw until the first vertical position and the second vertical position are overlapped;
fourthly, rotating the double-sided reflecting mirror by 90 degrees and placing the double-sided reflecting mirror on the objective table, and repeating the third step;
wherein the first vertical position is a vertical position of a slit image in the digital camera when the reflected light of the first reflecting mirror enters the digital camera; the second vertical position is a vertical position of the slit image in the digital camera when the reflected light of the second reflecting mirror enters the digital camera.
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| CN202010279109.9A CN111369876A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Spectrometer for observation by digital camera and adjusting method thereof |
| CN202010735770.6A CN111640356A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-28 | Spectrometer for observation by digital camera and adjusting method thereof |
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| CN202010279109.9A CN111369876A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Spectrometer for observation by digital camera and adjusting method thereof |
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| CN202010735770.6A Pending CN111640356A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-28 | Spectrometer for observation by digital camera and adjusting method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113176217A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-27 | 西安理工大学 | Carrot-based chemical and material analysis professional course experimental method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2000004937A (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2000-01-11 | Shiseido Co Ltd | Face data input device |
| CN2465260Y (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2001-12-12 | 王嵘 | Optical teaching aid box |
| CN100424545C (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2008-10-08 | 四川大学 | Fast adjuster of spectrometer |
| CN103093676B (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2015-02-18 | 山西省电力公司大同供电分公司 | Spectrometer digitalized reading device |
| CN103927920B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-08-31 | 江南大学 | Spectromenter Adjustment demonstrator |
| CN104575210A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-29 | 山东科技大学 | Spectrometer based on CCD imaging and adjusting method thereof |
| CN105187701A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2015-12-23 | 东北师范大学 | Spectrometer electronic display system |
| CN205645060U (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-10-12 | 天津翼阳华睿科技有限公司 | Spectrometer teaching appearance |
| CN106871822B (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2020-05-12 | 西南交通大学 | Spectrometer capable of measuring micro rotation angle of collimator and measuring method |
| CN206584646U (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-10-24 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of physics experiment teaching spectrometer |
| CN209746902U (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-12-06 | 南华大学 | Digital spectrometer |
| CN110197610A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-03 | 赣南师范大学 | A kind of transmission grating experimental provision and method |
| CN211699431U (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-10-16 | 赣南师范大学 | Spectrometer for observing by digital camera |
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| CN113176217A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-27 | 西安理工大学 | Carrot-based chemical and material analysis professional course experimental method |
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