CN111369161A - Power transmission line multi-risk section evaluation method based on environmental factors and terrain features - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a power transmission line multi-risk section assessment method based on environmental factors and topographic features, which comprehensively analyzes the environmental factors and the topographic features by combining the specific conditions of the area where a base tower is located to obtain comprehensive risk grade data containing the environmental factors and the topographic features, corrects the comprehensive risk grade data to obtain the comprehensive risk grade assessment data containing the environmental factor risk grade and the topographic feature risk grade, overcomes the defects of the risk analysis work of a power transmission line channel section, provides a more comprehensive power transmission line multi-risk section dividing and assessment method, namely analyzes the risk distribution of the power transmission line section according to the data comprehensively considering the environmental factors and the topographic features, fully utilizes the convenient and fast characteristics of a GIS platform, and designs a corresponding power transmission line multi-risk section dividing tower risk grade assessment method, and an evaluation basis is provided for the refined operation and maintenance of the power transmission circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid transmission line channel risk analysis, in particular to a power transmission line multi-risk section assessment method based on environmental factors and topographic features.
Background
Risk analysis of power transmission line channel sections is always a very important work for operation and maintenance teams of power companies, because some sections of general power transmission line channels are erected among mountainous regions with severe natural environments, and cannot avoid being damaged by factors such as natural icing, pollution sources, strong wind, thunder and lightning in the operation process, so that when risk analysis is performed on the line sections, a great number of factors need to be considered, generally, basic environmental factors and topographic features are considered in the analysis, but the factors are rarely combined and analyzed, and correlation among the factors is not analyzed, and the correlation is often an important hidden danger point causing tripping of a power transmission line.
At present, when an operation and maintenance team of an electric power company analyzes a channel risk section, the operation and maintenance team is generally roughly divided by operation experience, a quantitative, convenient and visual technical means is not provided, and the requirement of fine operation and maintenance management of a power grid cannot be met. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in China, natural disasters and atmospheric environment pollution are increasingly serious, and the safe and stable operation of a power transmission line is more and more influenced by natural environment, so that the risk analysis of a channel section of the power transmission line emphasizes the influence of basic disaster environment factors and topographic features on one hand, the combination and correlation analysis of the factors are more emphasized, and the risk grade of each base tower is quantized, and the obtained refined risk section division of the power transmission line is required for the refined operation and maintenance of an operation and maintenance unit of a power company.
Disclosure of Invention
There is a need to provide a method for evaluating a multi-risk section of a power transmission line based on environmental factors and topographic features.
A power transmission line multi-risk section assessment method based on environmental factors and topographic features comprises the following steps:
s1: sequencing the pole tower numbers according to a pole tower coordinate sequence of a line, generating an initial transmission line path trend by a point-to-line connection method, and then buffering a preset distance to the periphery on the initial radial transmission line to form a strip buffer area;
s2: the environmental factor data and the terrain feature data in the coverage range of the bar-shaped buffer area are sorted;
s3: analyzing the environmental factors aiming at the bar-shaped buffer area to obtain risk grade data containing the environmental factors;
s4: analyzing the terrain features of the bar-shaped buffer area, and performing combined analysis on the terrain feature data and risk grade data containing environmental factors to obtain comprehensive risk grade data containing the environmental factors and the terrain features;
s5: correcting the comprehensive risk grade data to obtain comprehensive risk grade evaluation data comprising an environmental factor risk grade and a terrain characteristic risk grade;
s6: rendering the comprehensive risk level evaluation data to obtain a multi-risk section distribution diagram of the power transmission line and risk level evaluation of the tower.
Preferably, when the tower coordinate sequence is performed in step S1, the towers are sorted from low to high according to their numbers.
Preferably, the method for forming the "stripe buffer" in step S1 is: and generating an initial power transmission line path trend by using a connecting point linear function in the GIS, and then buffering the periphery of the power transmission line for 5 kilometers by using a GIS buffering algorithm to form a strip-shaped buffer area.
Preferably, the environmental factor data in step S2 includes an icing area, a strong wind area, a galloping area, and a thunderstorm risk area.
Preferably, the topographic features include a degree of topographic relief, a ground inclination angle in step S2.
Preferably, in step S3, the method for analyzing the radial environment factor of the strip buffer is to perform a spatial cross iterative loop calculation on the environment factor and the strip buffer, where the spatial cross iterative loop calculation method is: overlapping the ice covering area and the buffer area, overlapping the result with the strong wind area after forming the result, overlapping the result with the dancing area after forming the result, overlapping the result with the thunder damage risk area after forming the result, and finally forming risk grade data containing the ice, wind, dancing and thunder environment risk factors.
Preferably, the method for analyzing the topographic features of the strip-shaped buffer in step S4 includes: firstly, equal-interval dot matrixes are taken on the ground surface in the length extension direction and the width extension direction of the strip-shaped buffer area of the power transmission line, the height values and the waviness of the dot matrixes are obtained, and the inclination angles of the peripheral points and the ground surface are calculated, so that the data of the terrain waviness and the inclination angles of the peripheral points and the ground surface of each tower of the power transmission line are formed.
Preferably, the method for calculating the inclination angle of the peripheral point includes: firstly, measuring the elevation value H of the peripheral points, then calculating the horizontal projection distance L of the points, and calculating according to arctan (H/L).
Preferably, the method for analyzing the terrain feature data and the risk level data containing the environmental factor in combination in step S4 is as follows: extracting environmental risk data, topographic relief and ground inclination angle data of a line tower, scoring according to a technical weight value and a scoring table about an environmental factor in QGDW 11450-2015 important transmission channel risk assessment guide rule to obtain risk grade data containing the environmental factor of each base tower, and then correcting the risk value according to topographic relief and ground inclination angle data to obtain comprehensive risk grade assessment data containing the environmental factor risk grade and topographic feature risk grade.
Preferably, the specific correction method is as follows: on a hillside with large topographic relief, the tower in the middle repeated icing area is more likely to be iced, and the risk level is improved by 50%; the tower in the high wind area with obvious micro-terrain features is more easily influenced by the transient influence of changeable wind directions to generate high wind falling, and the risk level is improved by 60%; on the terrain with a large ground inclination angle, lightning strike shielding failure is more likely to occur, so that lightning strike tripping is caused, the risk level is improved by 70%, and finally comprehensive risk level evaluation data of each base tower is obtained after correction.
The method overcomes the defects of risk analysis work of the channel section of the transmission line, provides a more comprehensive multi-risk section division and evaluation method of the transmission line, namely, analyzes the risk distribution of the section of the transmission line according to data comprehensively considering environmental factors and topographic features, fully utilizes the convenient characteristics of a GIS platform, designs the corresponding multi-risk section division and tower risk grade evaluation method of the transmission line, and provides evaluation basis for the refined operation and maintenance of the transmission line.
The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1. the method for dividing and evaluating the multi-risk sections of the power transmission line based on the environmental factors and the topographic features not only considers a single environmental factor and the topographic features, but also can comprehensively consider the incidence relation between the environmental factor and the topographic features, finely analyzes the multi-wind-direction section division and the comprehensive pole and tower risk grade of the line channel, and ensures the pertinence and the reliability of line operation and maintenance work;
2. the invention can be solidified into a computer program algorithm module, and has high accuracy, convenient use and convenient popularization;
3. the method can be used for analyzing the risks of the power transmission channel sections by the power transmission line operation and maintenance team, and can provide guidance for accurately dividing the power transmission channel risk sections by the power system operation and maintenance unit and personalized protection of key towers.
Drawings
Fig. 1, 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of a terrain feature analysis algorithm in the invention. Wherein, fig. 1 is a top view in the air. Fig. 2 and 3 are left side views of fig. 1.
FIG. 4 is a rendering graph evaluated by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
The implementation of the embodiment of the invention comprises three parts, namely data collection, algorithm basis and algorithm implementation, wherein the implementation of the algorithm takes an Arcgis Engine SDK secondary development interface as an example.
1. Data collection
The required data is divided into three types, wherein the first type is topographic characteristic data, mainly GIS raster map layer information such as elevation, topographic relief and the like; the second type is a vector layer of an ice region distribution diagram, a wind diagram distribution diagram, a galloping distribution diagram and a thunder damage risk distribution diagram for expressing environmental factors; the third type is the administrative region map layer. The data collection method can be realized by means of measurement, acquisition of a third-party statistical department and the like.
2. Basis of algorithm
S1: sequencing the pole tower numbers according to a pole tower coordinate sequence of a line, generating an initial transmission line path trend by a point-to-line connection method, and then buffering a preset distance to the periphery on the initial radial transmission line to form a strip buffer area;
in a specific embodiment, vector data space element calculation capacity provided by ArcGIS Engine SDK is firstly applied, each base tower is abstracted into points, a power transmission line is abstracted into lines, a GIS (geographic information System) point-connecting line-forming function is used for generating a line from a tower sequence, and then a buffer algorithm is used for generating a bar-shaped buffer area for the power transmission line to be simulated into a power transmission channel corridor; in addition, vector layers of a transmission line buffer area and environmental factors such as an ice area distribution diagram, a wind diagram distribution diagram, a galloping distribution diagram and a thunder damage risk distribution diagram can be abstracted into a surface layer, and then the surface and the surface are subjected to cross analysis, so that all attributes of the intersection part of the transmission line buffer area and the environmental factors are obtained.
The grid data space computing power provided by ArcGIS Engine SDK can be used for extracting and analyzing: and extracting elevation value data and topographic relief degree data of the lattice around the tower from the elevation grid surface by the grid data extraction value-to-point function.
In step S2, the specific examples of the sorting of the environmental factor data within the range covered by the bar buffer are as follows:
through analyzing the Q GDW 11450-2015 important transmission channel risk assessment guide rule, it is known that the transmission channel segment risk levels include a normal state, a low risk level, an intermediate risk level and a high risk level, and the transmission channel segment risk levels are determined by various environmental factors of the transmission line, such as: comprehensive assessment of ice coating, mountain fire, strong wind, dirt, galloping, bird damage, thunder damage and the like is carried out, each environmental factor has respective weight and value, and risk grade assessment is obtained after comprehensive scoring, so that a basis is provided for risk quantitative analysis means of the power transmission line section manufactured by the project.
3. Algorithm implementation
1) According to a power transmission line pole tower (pole tower number, longitude and latitude are arranged inside) sequence provided by a user, then, an Arcgis Engine API is used for connecting points to form a line function: XYToLine generates a transmission line from these towers, and then uses the Arcgis Engine API buffer function: buffer buffers the transmission line for 5 kilometers to generate a strip buffer area.
2) Loading an ice region distribution diagram of the environmental factor, performing superposition (Interact function) calculation with the bar-shaped buffer region generated in the step 1) to obtain an ice region attribute of the transmission line buffer region diagram, then performing superposition (Interact function) calculation again by using the transmission line buffer region diagram with the ice region attribute and the wind diagram distribution diagram of the environmental factor to obtain a transmission line buffer region diagram with ice region and wind region attributes, repeating the steps, performing superposition (Interact function) calculation with the galloping distribution diagram and the lightning damage distribution diagram of the environmental factor respectively, and finally obtaining the transmission line bar-shaped buffer region containing the ice, wind, dance and lightning environmental risk factors, namely obtaining the risk level data containing the environmental factor in the step S3.
3) Generating a Tower point layer for each base Tower sequence of the line, and performing spatial superposition (intercept function) calculation with the bar buffer area generated in the step 2), so that ice area, wind area, galloping area and thunder area Risk level data of the Tower are obtained in the obtained superposition point layer attributes, and the data are extracted and stored in an independent Tower Risk table Tower _ Risk and comprise fields such as Tower number, longitude and latitude, ice area level, wind area level, galloping area level and thunder area level.
In step S2, the specific implementation manner for sorting the topographic feature data in the range covered by the bar buffer is as follows:
continuously analyzing the topographic characteristics of the line tower, firstly, taking a point every 100 meters on the left and right sides of each base tower of the power transmission line along the direction perpendicular to the power transmission line (namely a straight line connecting line between two adjacent base towers, namely L0 in fig. 2), extending for 1 kilometer, taking a point 100 meters in the direction of the power transmission line (L0) and the direction parallel to the power transmission line, and using an Arcgis Engine API: ConstructOffset shifts respectively to obtain coordinates, so that a point array layer is formed, elevation value extraction operation (ExtractValuesToPoints function) is carried out on the point array layer and terrain grid data, the elevation values and the waviness (which can be obtained through measurement) of the point arrays are obtained, the dip angles of peripheral points relative to towers are further calculated (the specific method is to measure the elevation values H of the peripheral points, then calculate the horizontal projection distance L of the points from a roadbed Tower or a conducting wire (L0), then arctan (H/L) obtains ground tilt angles), and accordingly terrain waviness and ground tilt angle data of all towers of the power transmission line are formed, then the data are written into a Tower Risk table Tower _ Risk, and terrain waviness and ground tilt angle field information are newly increased.
In this scheme, when calculating the inclination angle of the topographic feature to the ground, refer to fig. 1, 2 and 3. Take GL0, GR0, GL1, GR1, and GL11 points as examples, i.e., the points
The points marked, the tilt angle is calculated, and the tilt of the remaining points is called the algorithm for these several points.
The inclination angle of the point GL0 is arctan (HL0/LL 0).
The angle of inclination of the GR0 point is arctan (HR0/LR 0).
The inclination angle of the point GL1 is arctan (HL1/LL 1).
The angle of inclination of the GR1 point is arctan (HR1/LR 1).
The inclination angle of the point GL11 is arctan (HL11/LL 11).
5) Traversing each record in the Tower _ Risk table, extracting ice, wind, dance and thunder environment Risk data and topographic relief and ground inclination angle data of a line Tower, scoring according to a technical weight value and a scoring table about environmental factors in a Q GDW 11450-2015 important transmission channel Risk assessment guide rule to obtain a comprehensive Risk value of each base Tower, and then obtaining comprehensive Risk grade data in the step S4 according to topographic relief and ground inclination angle data through the embodiment.
6) In step S5, the risk value is corrected by the following specific correction method: according to empirical data provided by national grid electric academy of sciences, on a hillside with large topographic relief (more than 1000), ice coating is more likely to occur on a tower in a medium-repeated ice coating area, and the risk level is improved by 50-60%; the tower in the high wind area with obvious micro-terrain features (more than 1000) is more easily influenced by the transient effect of changeable wind directions to generate high wind tower falling, and the risk level is improved by 60-70%; on the terrain with a large ground inclination angle (less than-30 degrees or more than 60 degrees), lightning strike shielding failure is easy to occur, so that lightning strike tripping is caused, the Risk level is improved by 70-80%, the comprehensive Risk level of each base Tower is obtained after final correction, and then the comprehensive Risk level is written into a comprehensive Risk level field in a Tower Risk table Tower _ Risk.
7) In step S6, the power transmission line bar buffer area containing the ice, wind, dance and thunder environmental Risk factors is used as a base map, rendering is performed according to each disaster factor, the Tower _ Risk table generated point map layer is loaded on the GIS map, rendering is performed according to the Risk level field, and the two maps are combined together to obtain the multi-Risk section distribution map of the power transmission line and the Risk level evaluation map where the Tower is located, as shown in fig. 4.
The modules or units in the device of the embodiment of the invention can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.
The above disclosure is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or a portion of the above-described embodiments may be practiced and equivalents thereof may be resorted to as falling within the scope of the invention as claimed. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-risk section assessment method for a power transmission line based on environmental factors and topographic features is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: sequencing the pole tower numbers according to a pole tower coordinate sequence of a line, generating an initial transmission line path trend by a point-to-line connection method, and then buffering a preset distance to the periphery on the initial radial transmission line to form a strip buffer area;
s2: the environmental factor data and the terrain feature data in the coverage range of the bar-shaped buffer area are sorted;
s3: analyzing the environmental factors aiming at the bar-shaped buffer area to obtain risk grade data containing the environmental factors;
s4: analyzing the terrain features of the bar-shaped buffer area, and performing combined analysis on the terrain feature data and risk grade data containing environmental factors to obtain comprehensive risk grade data containing the environmental factors and the terrain features;
s5: correcting the comprehensive risk grade data to obtain comprehensive risk grade evaluation data comprising an environmental factor risk grade and a terrain characteristic risk grade;
s6: rendering the comprehensive risk level evaluation data to obtain a multi-risk section distribution diagram of the power transmission line and risk level evaluation of the tower.
2. The method for evaluating the multi-risk section of the power transmission line based on the environmental factors and the topographic features of claim 1, wherein the tower coordinate sequences are sorted from low to high according to the tower numbers in the step S1.
3. The method for evaluating the multi-risk section of the power transmission line based on the environmental factors and the topographic features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the forming method of the "stripe buffer" in the step S1 is as follows: and generating an initial power transmission line path trend by using a connecting point linear function in the GIS, and then buffering the periphery of the power transmission line for 5 kilometers by using a GIS buffering algorithm to form a strip-shaped buffer area.
4. The method for evaluating the multi-risk section of the power transmission line based on the environmental factors and the topographic features as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the environmental factor data includes an icing zone, a strong wind zone, a waving zone, a lightning risk zone in step S2.
5. The method for evaluating the multi-risk section of the power transmission line based on the environmental factors and the topographic features as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the topographic features include a degree of topographic relief, a ground inclination angle in step S2.
6. The method for evaluating the multi-risk section of the power transmission line based on the environmental factors and the topographic features as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in step S3, the method for analyzing the radial environment factor of the strip buffer is to perform spatial cross iterative loop calculation on the environment factor and the strip buffer, where the spatial cross iterative loop calculation method is: overlapping the ice covering area and the buffer area, overlapping the result with the strong wind area after forming the result, overlapping the result with the dancing area after forming the result, overlapping the result with the thunder damage risk area after forming the result, and finally forming risk grade data containing the ice, wind, dancing and thunder environment risk factors.
7. The method for evaluating the multi-risk section of the power transmission line based on the environmental factors and the topographic features as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the method for analyzing the topographic features of the bar buffer in step S4 includes: firstly, equal-interval dot matrixes are taken on the ground surface in the length extension direction and the width extension direction of the strip-shaped buffer area of the power transmission line, the height values and the waviness of the dot matrixes are obtained, and the inclination angles of the peripheral points and the ground surface are calculated, so that the data of the terrain waviness and the inclination angles of the peripheral points and the ground surface of each tower of the power transmission line are formed.
8. The method for evaluating the multi-risk section of the power transmission line based on the environmental factors and the topographic features as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the method for calculating the inclination angle of the peripheral points comprises the following steps: firstly, measuring the elevation value H of the peripheral points, then calculating the horizontal projection distance L of the points, and calculating according to arctan (H/L).
9. The method for evaluating the multi-risk section of the power transmission line based on the environmental factors and the topographic features as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the method for analyzing the terrain feature data and the risk level data containing the environmental factors in combination in step S4 is as follows: extracting environmental risk data, topographic relief and ground inclination angle data of a line tower, scoring according to a technical weight value and a scoring table about an environmental factor in QGDW 11450-2015 important transmission channel risk assessment guide rule to obtain risk grade data containing the environmental factor of each base tower, and then correcting the risk value according to topographic relief and ground inclination angle data to obtain comprehensive risk grade assessment data containing the environmental factor risk grade and topographic feature risk grade.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the specific correction method comprises: on a hillside with large topographic relief, the tower in a middle repeated icing area is more likely to be iced, and the risk level is improved by 50-60%; the tower in the high wind area with obvious micro-terrain features is more easily influenced by the transient influence of changeable wind directions to generate high wind falling, and the risk level is improved by 60-70%; on the terrain with a large ground inclination angle, lightning strike shielding failure is more likely to occur, so that lightning strike tripping is caused, the risk level is improved by 70-80%, and finally comprehensive risk level evaluation data of each base tower is obtained after correction.
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