CN111366512A - Method for researching propagation mechanism of pathogen-carrying particles in passenger room of high-speed train - Google Patents
Method for researching propagation mechanism of pathogen-carrying particles in passenger room of high-speed train Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001499 laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000711573 Coronaviridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100020760 Ferritin heavy chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for researching the transmission mechanism of pathogen-carrying particles in a passenger room of a high-speed train, which comprises the following steps: acquiring laboratory real-vehicle test data containing the propagation rule of pathogen-carrying particles in a laboratory real-vehicle passenger room; obtaining line field real vehicle test data containing a transmission rule of pathogen-carrying particles in a line field real vehicle passenger room; simulating the propagation process of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train to obtain simulation data containing the propagation rule of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train, and correcting the simulation data based on laboratory real vehicle test data and line field test data; and establishing a propagation model of pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train by using the corrected simulation data. The invention comprehensively considers the influence of multi-influence factor multi-coupling on the diffusion of the virus micro-cluster in the carriage of the high-speed train, provides an optimal virus inhibiting and controlling scheme and provides scientific basis and guidance for improving the safety level of public health in the passenger room of the high-speed train.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a method for researching the transmission mechanism of pathogen-carrying particles in a passenger room of a high-speed train.
Background
At present, there are related studies to find that the novel coronavirus has a phenomenon of being transmitted through aerosol, and so far, a plurality of cases of infection due to long-term retention in a closed space have appeared.
At present, the research on the indoor environment virus micelles such as buildings, cabins and the like is more at home and abroad, but the research on the virus-carrying micelles in the enclosed space of the high-speed train is less, the return air circulation of the air conditioning system of the train is considered, and the research result on the indoor environment virus micelles such as the buildings, the cabins and the like cannot be directly applied to the high-speed train, so that the research method for the propagation mechanism of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train is a problem to be solved urgently.
At present, the research on the flow field in the train passenger room at home and abroad mainly focuses on the improvement of the comfort of passengers by the optimization of the internal flow field (such as the optimization of an air conditioning air duct opening, an air supply mode and air tightness), and the research on the diffusion of virus micelles in a high-speed train by using a single influence factor of a part of air supply modes is carried out in recent years, but the influence of multi-influence factor multi-coupling on the diffusion of the virus micelles in the carriage of the high-speed train is not comprehensively considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the influence of multi-influence factor multi-coupling on the diffusion of a virus micelle in a carriage of a high-speed train is not comprehensively considered in the prior art, and provides a method for researching the propagation mechanism of pathogen-carrying particles in a passenger room of the high-speed train.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for researching the transmission mechanism of pathogen-carrying particles in a passenger room of a high-speed train is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining laboratory real-vehicle test data containing a transmission rule of pathogen-carrying particles in a laboratory real-vehicle passenger room through a laboratory real-vehicle test; obtaining line field real vehicle test data containing the transmission rule of pathogen-carrying particles in a line field real vehicle passenger room through a line field real vehicle test;
simulating the propagation process of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train by an aerodynamic simulation method to obtain simulation data containing the propagation rule of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train, and correcting the simulation data based on laboratory real vehicle test data and line field test data;
and 3, establishing a propagation model of pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train by using the corrected simulation data through an aerodynamic simulation method.
As a preferable mode, in the step 2, a single variable method is adopted in the simulation process, and the propagation rules of pathogen-carrying particles influenced by each single variable in the passenger compartment of the high-speed train are respectively obtained; the single variable comprises a virus micelle generation position, the total air supply quantity of an air conditioning system, the ratio of fresh air to return air quantity, passenger configuration and auxiliary diversion facility configuration;
and in the step 3, establishing a mathematical model containing the propagation rule of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train and the relation between the single variables.
And step 4, based on the mathematical model obtained in step 3, obtaining each single variable input value with the slowest transmission rate and the minimum transmission range of the pathogen-carrying particles as control targets by using an optimal control method, and obtaining a virus inhibition control scheme formed by all the single variable input values.
As a preferable mode, in the step 1, the laboratory real vehicle test comprises two stages of humidity detection and laser-induced fluorescence detection; wherein,
the humidity detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water into aerosol in the laboratory real vehicle carriage, and measuring the humidity change of each set measuring point in the laboratory real vehicle carriage to obtain the time-average concentration of the aerosol spreading to each measuring point in the laboratory real vehicle carriage;
the laser-induced fluorescence detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water added with a fluorescent agent into aerosol in a laboratory real vehicle carriage, and scanning images of all set measuring points in the laboratory real vehicle carriage to obtain the propagation rule of the aerosol at all the set measuring points in the laboratory real vehicle carriage.
As a preferred mode, in the step 1, the line field test includes three stages of humidity detection, tracer gas detection and air collection detection; wherein,
the humidity detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water into aerosol in the carriage of the line field test, and measuring the humidity change of each set measuring point in the carriage of the line field test to obtain the time-average concentration of the aerosol spreading to each measuring point in the carriage of the line field test;
the trace gas detection process comprises: generating tracer gas at a preset position in the line field test carriage, collecting gas at each set measuring point in the line field test carriage, detecting the collected gas, and obtaining a motion rule of the tracer gas;
the air collection detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water into aerosol in the on-line test carriage, collecting air at each set measuring point in the on-line test carriage for a period of time, and detecting the components and the component concentrations of the collected air.
As a preferred mode, the CFD software is used for performing aerodynamic simulation, and the simulation process includes: changing a single variable, establishing an initial flow field of a passenger room of the high-speed train in CFD software, simulating and injecting water drops with different particle sizes at different positions in the initial flow field, starting an evaporation mode of the initial flow field, tracking the track and the particle size change of the water drops in real time, and obtaining the propagation rule of the water drops at each set measuring point in the initial flow field; and correcting the initial flow field to ensure that the propagation rule of the water drops at each set measuring point in the initial flow field, which is obtained through simulation, is consistent with the particulate matter propagation rule of each set measuring point, which is obtained through a laboratory real vehicle test and a line field test under the same condition.
According to the invention, the propagation rule and mechanism of the pathogen-carrying micelle in the train passenger room are researched through a laboratory real vehicle and line field test and an aerodynamic simulation method, the influence of multi-influence factor multi-coupling on the diffusion of the virus micelle in the high-speed train carriage is comprehensively considered, an optimal virus suppression and control scheme which accords with the special indoor environment of the train is provided, and scientific basis and guidance are provided for improving the indoor public health safety level of the high-speed train carriage.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment, the Chinese standard motor train unit with the model number of CR400BF is used as a test object to carry out the laboratory real vehicle test, the line field real vehicle test and the aerodynamic simulation process. The overall length L of the actual CR400BF vehicle is 25.0m, the width W of the vehicle is 3.4m, and the height H of the vehicle is 4 m.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for researching the transmission mechanism of pathogen-carrying particulate matters in the passenger compartment of the high-speed train comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining laboratory real-vehicle test data containing a transmission rule of pathogen-carrying particles in a laboratory real-vehicle passenger room through a laboratory real-vehicle test; obtaining line field real vehicle test data containing the transmission rule of pathogen-carrying particles in a line field real vehicle passenger room through a line field real vehicle test; firstly, researching the propagation rule of pathogen-carrying particles in a high-speed train passenger room through a laboratory real vehicle test and a line field real vehicle test to obtain the propagation mechanism of pathogen micelles.
In a laboratory real vehicle test, the model of a test vehicle is completely the same as that of a train in a running stage, and in order to completely simulate a real situation, the facility in the train is completely the same as that of a running vehicle.
The laboratory real vehicle test comprises two stages of humidity detection and laser induced fluorescence detection (PLIF); wherein,
the humidity detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water into aerosol in a laboratory real vehicle carriage, measuring the humidity change of each set measuring point in the laboratory real vehicle carriage, and performing post-treatment to obtain the time-average concentration of the aerosol transmitted to each measuring point in the laboratory real vehicle carriage;
the laser-induced fluorescence detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water added with a fluorescent agent into aerosol in a laboratory real vehicle carriage, and scanning images of all set measuring points in the laboratory real vehicle carriage through imaging equipment to obtain the propagation rule of the aerosol at all the set measuring points in the laboratory real vehicle carriage. And providing test verification basis for the numerical simulation result.
The line field test can be carried out by selecting 1-2 carriages in actual operation, and comprises three stages of humidity detection, tracer gas detection and air collection detection; wherein,
the humidity detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water into aerosol in the carriage of the line field test, measuring the humidity change of each set measuring point in the carriage of the line field test, and obtaining the time-average concentration of the aerosol transmitted to each measuring point in the carriage of the line field test through post-treatment;
the trace gas detection process comprises: generating tracer gas at a preset position in the line field test carriage, collecting gas at each set measuring point in the line field test carriage, detecting the collected gas, and obtaining a motion rule of the tracer gas; the trace gas method selects sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) with good safety and stability as the trace gas.
The air collection detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water into aerosol in the on-line test carriage, collecting air at each set measuring point in the on-line test carriage for a period of time, and detecting the components and the component concentrations of the collected air.
And 2, simulating the propagation process of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train by an aerodynamic simulation method to obtain simulation data containing the propagation rule of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train, and correcting the simulation data by using laboratory real vehicle test data and line field test data to obtain a scientific and reliable simulation method.
In the step 2, a single variable method is adopted in the simulation process, and the propagation rules of pathogen-carrying particles influenced by each single variable in the high-speed train passenger room are respectively obtained; the single variable comprises a virus micelle generation position, the total air supply quantity of an air conditioning system, the ratio of fresh air to return air quantity, passenger configuration and auxiliary diversion facility configuration;
and in the step 3, establishing a mathematical model containing the propagation rule of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train and the relation between the single variables. The invention obtains a simulation model capable of truly simulating the movement of the virus micro-cluster by correcting and adjusting the simulation algorithm through test data.
The invention discloses a method for detecting the virus micelles in a passenger room of a high-speed train, which comprises the steps of setting a detection point as a typical position where a passenger in the passenger room of the high-speed train is easy to inhale the virus micelles, revealing the evolution rule of the virus micelle concentration at the typical position along with time through simulation calculation, and establishing a corresponding characterization model.
The method adopts CFD software (an algorithm that the DPW is a discrete phase model developed by software twice and can simulate water drops with different sizes) to carry out aerodynamic simulation, and the simulation process comprises the following steps: changing a single variable, establishing an initial flow field of a passenger room of a high-speed train in CFD software, considering the influence of return air circulation of an air conditioning system of the train, simulating and injecting water drops (1-400 micrometers) with different particle sizes at different positions in the initial flow field, simulating micro-boluses with pathogens through the water drops with different particle sizes, starting an evaporation mode of the initial flow field, tracking the track and the particle size change of the water drops in real time, and obtaining the propagation rule of the water drops at each set measuring point in the initial flow field; and correcting the initial flow field to ensure that the propagation rule of the water drops at each set measuring point in the initial flow field, which is obtained through simulation, is consistent with the particulate matter propagation rule of each set measuring point, which is obtained through a laboratory real vehicle test and a line field test under the same condition.
In the simulation process, a single variable method is adopted to respectively calculate the virus micelle propagation conditions under different conditions such as virus micelle generation position, total air supply quantity of an air conditioning system, fresh air and return air quantity ratio, passenger configuration, auxiliary diversion facility configuration and the like, different working conditions are required to be calculated in each condition, and a mathematical model of the relationship between the virus micelle propagation characteristics and the variables is established through a large amount of simulation result data.
The single variable changes in the simulation process are exemplified as follows:
1. adjusting the total air supply quantity of the air conditioning system; for a special vehicle type, different air supply modes and air supply amount in winter and summer are adjusted.
2. Adjusting the ratio of fresh air to return air; set a no return air mode, etc.
3. The occupant configuration is changed.
4. Changing the configuration of the interior trim (e.g., seats, etc.).
And 3, establishing a propagation model of pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train by using the corrected simulation data through an aerodynamic simulation method.
And 4, based on the mathematical model obtained in the step 3, obtaining each single variable input value taking the slowest transmission rate and the smallest transmission range of the pathogen-carrying particles as control targets by using an optimal control method, and obtaining a virus inhibition control scheme which is formed by all the single variable input values and accords with the special indoor environment of the train.
And 3, the mathematical model established in the step 3 considers the influence on the propagation rule of pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train when the total air supply quantity of the air conditioning system, the ratio of the fresh air quantity to the return air quantity, the passenger configuration and the auxiliary diversion facility configuration are coupled in a multi-element manner. By utilizing the optimal control method, the optimal restraining and controlling scheme of the air environment in the passenger room of the high-speed train aiming at reducing the cross infection risk among passengers can be obtained.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for researching the transmission mechanism of pathogen-carrying particles in a passenger room of a high-speed train is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining laboratory real-vehicle test data containing a transmission rule of pathogen-carrying particles in a laboratory real-vehicle passenger room through a laboratory real-vehicle test; obtaining line field real vehicle test data containing the transmission rule of pathogen-carrying particles in a line field real vehicle passenger room through a line field real vehicle test;
simulating the propagation process of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train by an aerodynamic simulation method to obtain simulation data containing the propagation rule of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train, and correcting the simulation data based on laboratory real vehicle test data and line field test data;
and 3, establishing a propagation model of pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train by using the corrected simulation data through an aerodynamic simulation method.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of,
in the step 2, a single variable method is adopted in the simulation process, and the propagation rules of pathogen-carrying particles influenced by each single variable in the high-speed train passenger room are respectively obtained; the single variable comprises a virus micelle generation position, the total air supply quantity of an air conditioning system, the ratio of fresh air to return air quantity, passenger configuration and auxiliary diversion facility configuration;
and in the step 3, establishing a mathematical model containing the propagation rule of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger room of the high-speed train and the relation between the single variables.
3. The method for researching the transmission mechanism of the pathogen-carrying particulate matter in the passenger compartment of the high-speed train according to claim 2, further comprising a step 4 of obtaining each single variable input value with the control targets of slowest transmission rate and smallest transmission range of the pathogen-carrying particulate matter by using an optimal control method based on the mathematical model obtained in the step 3, and obtaining a virus inhibition and control scheme formed by all the single variable input values.
4. The method for researching the transmission mechanism of the pathogen-carrying particles in the passenger compartment of the high-speed train as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the laboratory real-vehicle test comprises two stages of humidity detection and laser-induced fluorescence detection; wherein,
the humidity detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water into aerosol in the laboratory real vehicle carriage, and measuring the humidity change of each set measuring point in the laboratory real vehicle carriage to obtain the time-average concentration of the aerosol spreading to each measuring point in the laboratory real vehicle carriage;
the laser-induced fluorescence detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water added with a fluorescent agent into aerosol in a laboratory real vehicle carriage, and scanning images of all set measuring points in the laboratory real vehicle carriage to obtain the propagation rule of the aerosol at all the set measuring points in the laboratory real vehicle carriage.
5. The method for researching the transmission mechanism of the pathogen-carrying particulate matters in the passenger compartment of the high-speed train according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, a line field test comprises three stages of humidity detection, tracer gas detection and air collection detection; wherein,
the humidity detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water into aerosol in the carriage of the line field test, and measuring the humidity change of each set measuring point in the carriage of the line field test to obtain the time-average concentration of the aerosol spreading to each measuring point in the carriage of the line field test;
the trace gas detection process comprises: generating tracer gas at a preset position in the line field test carriage, collecting gas at each set measuring point in the line field test carriage, detecting the collected gas, and obtaining a motion rule of the tracer gas;
the air collection detection process comprises the following steps: atomizing water into aerosol in the on-line test carriage, collecting air at each set measuring point in the on-line test carriage for a period of time, and detecting the components and the component concentrations of the collected air.
6. The method for researching the transmission mechanism of the pathogen-carrying particulate matter in the passenger compartment of the high-speed train as claimed in claim 2, wherein CFD software is adopted for aerodynamic simulation, and the simulation process comprises the following steps: changing a single variable, establishing an initial flow field of a passenger room of the high-speed train in CFD software, simulating and injecting water drops with different particle sizes at different positions in the initial flow field, starting an evaporation mode of the initial flow field, tracking the track and the particle size change of the water drops in real time, and obtaining the propagation rule of the water drops at each set measuring point in the initial flow field; and correcting the initial flow field to ensure that the propagation rule of the water drops at each set measuring point in the initial flow field, which is obtained through simulation, is consistent with the particulate matter propagation rule of each set measuring point, which is obtained through a laboratory real vehicle test and a line field test under the same condition.
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