CN111366476B

CN111366476B - High-reliability normally-closed full-automatic releasing device

Info

Publication number: CN111366476B
Application number: CN201911254127.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高晓辉; 刘永光; 赵哲; 冯志鹏; 程楠楠; 万译泽; 井旭升; 张春友
Original assignee: Beihang University
Current assignee: Beihang University
Priority date: 2019-12-10
Filing date: 2019-12-10
Publication date: 2022-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-10
Also published as: CN111366476A

Abstract

The invention provides a high-reliability normally-closed full-automatic releasing device, and provides an L-shaped normally-closed full-automatic releasing device aiming at the defects of small lifting load, poor reliability, low automation degree and the like of a traditional releasing device in a drop hammer testing machine. The mode that adopts electro-magnet, link mechanism and combining together from restoring to throne U type roller forms L type normal close formula structure, can promote the weight under power device's drive under the electro-magnet outage state, and not only security and reliability improve greatly, promote the ability of load moreover and also further strengthen. Meanwhile, the state information of unhooking, resetting and heavy hammer of the releasing device is detected in real time by adopting a plurality of groups of sensors, one-key type lifting and releasing operation can be realized through program setting, and the automation degree is further improved.

Description

High-reliability normally-closed full-automatic releasing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to automatic release, and is particularly suitable for the field of drop hammer testing machines and the like.

Background

The drop hammer testing machine is used for lifting a heavy hammer to a certain height and then releasing the heavy hammer, and the heavy hammer is collided with a test piece after finishing accelerated motion under the action of gravity, so that the impact resistance of the test piece is tested. The releasing device is used as an important device in the drop hammer testing machine, and mainly lifts the heavy hammer to a certain height under the driving of the power device, and then the heavy hammer is separated from the heavy hammer by controlling the releasing device, so that the aim of automatically releasing the heavy hammer is fulfilled. Drop hammer testing machine mainly adopts electromagnetism and pneumatic release in the existing market, and they adopt open structure in usual basically, and release and weight actuation after the circular telegram, then accomplish the lift motion together with the weight, and when the weight load increases, release's power and volume greatly increased, though can accomplish the task under certain conditions, nevertheless also have following shortcoming: on one hand, the normally open structure has a greater risk, if the power is suddenly cut off in the lifting process of the heavy hammer, the heavy hammer can fall off, certain harm and damage can be brought to an operator and a tested piece, and the reliability is poor; on the other hand, the state of the releasing device and the heavy hammer is lack of feedback information, the automation degree is low, and the labor intensity of an operator is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable normally closed type full-automatic release device, which forms a set of L-shaped normally closed type structure by combining an electromagnet, a link mechanism and a self-resetting U-shaped roller, can lift a heavy hammer by cooperating with a power device when the release device is not powered, has a large lifting load, and can complete lifting and releasing of a one-button type heavy hammer by program setting by detecting states of the release device and the heavy hammer by using a plurality of sets of photoelectric limit switches, thereby greatly improving automation degree and reliability of a drop hammer testing machine.

To achieve the above object, the present invention is an automatic releasing device comprising: the installation base, drive arrangement, unhook mechanism and sensor system constitute. The driving device, the unhooking mechanism and the sensor system are all arranged on the mounting base and are connected with an external power device through a mechanical interface on the mounting base, so that the automatic releasing device is driven to move under the action of the external power device. The driving device and the unhooking mechanism are in L-shaped layout, and the driving device controls the unhooking mechanism to move horizontally, so that the unhooking mechanism is separated from the heavy hammer to realize unhooking.

The driving device is used as a power source in the automatic release device and mainly comprises an electromagnet and a connecting rod mechanism, wherein the electromagnet is electrified, then the iron core moves, and the connecting rod mechanism provides unhooking driving force for the unhooking mechanism. The unhooking mechanism adopts a self-resetting U-shaped roller type structure formed by 2 long shafts, springs, long pin shafts and rollers, the self-resetting U-shaped roller type structure is perpendicular to a driving device to form an L-shaped layout, the rollers are in direct contact with the heavy hammer, and the rollers can perform reciprocating linear motion under the action of the driving force of the connecting rod mechanism and the restoring force of the springs, so that the contact and the separation with the heavy hammer are realized, and the unhooking state is changed. The sensor system is composed of a plurality of groups of photoelectric limit switches, and is respectively used for detecting the states of the unhooking mechanism and the heavy hammer and taking the signals as feedback information to provide reference for specific control actions.

When a unhooking instruction is executed, the electromagnet is electrified, an iron core of the electromagnet linearly moves and is converted into rotary motion of a push rod at the tail end of the electromagnet through a group of connecting rod mechanisms, the push rod pushes the unhooking mechanism to achieve linear motion, at the moment, the spring is compressed, the roller retracts, the heavy hammer is separated from the unhooking mechanism, automatic release is achieved, the unhooking limit switch in the sensor system is triggered, and at the moment, the system knows that the releasing action is completed. The link mechanism not only can change the direction of the output force of the electromagnet, but also can amplify the output force of the electromagnet, thereby providing enough unhooking force for the unhooking mechanism. The roller is contacted with the heavy hammer in the unhooking mechanism, so that rolling friction exists between the unhooking mechanism and the heavy hammer during unhooking, and the unhooking force is further reduced. Therefore, the adoption of the link mechanism and the roller greatly reduces the unhooking force and improves the lifting load. When the heavy hammer is lifted by the releasing devices together, the electromagnets are connected with the same driver, so that synchronous releasing control of the electromagnets can be realized by controlling the driver.

After the unhooking instruction is completed, the electromagnet is powered off, at the moment, under the action of a spring in the unhooking mechanism, the iron core, the link mechanism and the roller of the electromagnet are all restored to the initial device, and meanwhile, a light limiting switch for detecting resetting in the sensor system is triggered, so that the restoring action is completed.

When the heavy hammer needs to be lifted up again after the primary unhooking test is completed, the electromagnet in the release device is firstly electrified, the roller in the unhooking mechanism retracts and then moves downwards under the driving of the power device, after the limit switch in the sensor system is triggered by the heavy hammer, the release device stops moving, the electromagnet is powered off, and the roller in the unhooking mechanism extends out and is positioned below the heavy hammer. The heavy hammer can be driven to rise through the releasing device by the power device.

The invention is a high-reliability normally closed full-automatic releasing device, and has the advantages of large lifting load, high reliability, high automation degree, strong applicability and the like.

Drawings

The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an automatic release device according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a drive arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a unhooking mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a unhooking mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sensing system mounting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a sub-mount configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an upper base structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an automatic release device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described below are illustrative only and not restrictive.

As shown in fig. 1, the automatic release device includes: the installation base 1, the driving device 2, the unhooking mechanism 3 and the sensor system 4.

As shown in fig. 1, the driving device 2, the unhooking mechanism 3 and the sensor system 4 are all installed on the installation base 1, and the driving device 2 and the unhooking mechanism 3 are in an L-shaped layout, so that a normally closed structure is realized to lift a load.

As shown in fig. 2, the driving device 2 includes: the device comprises a base 6, an electromagnet 7, a linear bearing 8, a pull rod 9, a connecting rod 10, a connecting rod pin shaft 11, a pull rod pin shaft 32, a push rod pin shaft 33, a push rod 12 and a support 13.

As shown in fig. 2, the electromagnet 7, the linear bearing 8, and the support 13 are fixedly mounted on the base 6 by bolts. The iron core 5 in the electromagnet 7 is fixedly connected with the pull rod 9 through threads, and in order to reduce the influence of an electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnet 7, the pull rod 9 is made of a non-magnetic stainless steel material. The pull rod 9 is inserted into the linear bearing 8, thereby ensuring that the iron core 5 and the pull rod 9 in the electromagnet 7 move linearly. The pull rod 9 is connected with one end of a connecting rod 10 through a push rod pin shaft 33, the other end of the connecting rod 10 is connected with the end part of a push rod 12 through a connecting rod pin shaft 11, and meanwhile, the middle part of the push rod 12 is connected with a support 13 through a pull rod pin shaft 32. In this way, the tie rod 9, the link 10 and the push rod 12 form a set of tie rod mechanisms capable of converting the linear motion of the tie rod 9 into a rotary motion of the push rod 12.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the unhooking mechanism 3 includes: linear guide 14, distance sleeve 15, upper baffle 16, limit stop 17, spring 18, long shaft 19, long pin shaft 20 and roller 21.

As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, two linear guide rails 14 are installed in a mounting base 1, a long shaft 19 is inserted into the linear guide rails 14, a spring 18 is placed between the long shaft 19 and the mounting base 1, one ends of the two long shafts 19 are connected through a long pin shaft 20, and a roller 21 is added in the middle of the long pin shaft 20, so that a self-resetting U-shaped roller type structure is formed by the spring 18, the long shaft 19, the long pin shaft 20 and the roller 21; the other end of the long shaft 19 is connected through the upper baffle piece 16, and the distance sleeve 15 is inserted into the linear guide rail 14 and the upper baffle piece 16, so that the two long shafts 19 are integrated into a whole to realize synchronous movement. The roller 21 is mainly used for contacting with a heavy hammer, the spring 18 is matched with the distance sleeve 15 to determine the initial position of the roller 21, and the limit stop 17 limits the moving stroke of the roller 21 by contacting with the upper baffle 16. When the electromagnet 7 is not electrified, the roller 21 is in an extending state under the action of the spring 18, and the weight can be lifted in a natural initial state; when the electromagnet 7 is electrified, the iron core 5 pulls the pull rod 9 to move, and the upper blocking piece 16 is pushed to move through the connecting rod 10 and the push rod 12, so that the roller 21 is driven to retract, and unhooking movement is completed.

As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the sensor system 4 includes: lower base 22, upper base 23, photoelectricity limit switch 24 and limit switch 29.

As shown in fig. 1, 5, 6 and 7, the lower base 22 is fixedly mounted on the mounting base 1 by bolts, and the photoelectric limit switch 24 is fixedly mounted on the upper base 23 by bolts. The photoelectric limit switch is mainly used for detecting the state information of the unhooking mechanism 3 so as to judge the current unhooking state. A guide groove 25 and a threaded hole 26 are machined on the lower base 22, and a U-shaped hole 27 and a guide key 28 are machined on the upper base 23. The guide groove 25 and the guide key 28 are matched in a sliding mode, and the guide key 28 can move in the guide groove 25 in parallel, so that the purpose of adjusting the position of the photoelectric limit switch 24 is achieved. After the position of the photoelectric limit switch 24 is determined, the bolt passes through the U-shaped hole 27 to be connected with the threaded hole 26, so that the relative positions of the upper base 23 and the lower base 22 are fixed. The installation base 1 is provided with 2 sets of a lower base 22, an upper base 23 and a photoelectric limit switch 24, and the relative positions of the lower base 22 and the upper base 23 are adjusted to respectively detect unhooking and resetting state information.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 8, a plurality of automatic releasing devices can be used to drive the weight 31 under the action of the power device 30, a plurality of limit switches 29 are installed on the installation base 1 to detect the state of the weight 31, and when the limit switches 29 are triggered, it indicates that the weight 31 is between the automatic releasing devices.

Many variations in the configurations and sequences of operations of the illustrated and described features will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on this disclosure. It is therefore to be appreciated that various changes may be made in the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter.

Claims

1. A high-reliability normally closed full-automatic release device is characterized by comprising an installation base (1), a driving device (2), a unhooking mechanism (3) and a sensor system (4); the driving device (2), the unhooking mechanism (3) and the sensor system (4) are all installed on the installation base (1), and the driving device (2) and the unhooking mechanism (3) are in an L-shaped layout, so that a normally closed structure is realized to lift a load;

the drive device (2) comprises: the device comprises a base (6), an electromagnet (7), a linear bearing (8), a pull rod (9), a connecting rod (10), a connecting rod pin shaft (11), a pull rod pin shaft (32), a push rod pin shaft (33), a push rod (12) and a support (13); the electromagnet (7), the linear bearing (8) and the support (13) are fixedly arranged on the base (6) through bolts; an iron core (5) in the electromagnet (7) is fixedly connected with the pull rod (9) through threads, and in order to reduce the influence of an electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnet (7), the pull rod (9) is made of a non-magnetic stainless steel material; the pull rod (9) is inserted into the linear bearing (8), so that the iron core (5) in the electromagnet (7) and the pull rod (9) are ensured to move linearly; the pull rod (9) is connected with one end of the connecting rod (10) through a push rod pin shaft (33), the other end of the connecting rod (10) is connected with the end part of the push rod (12) through a connecting rod pin shaft (11), and meanwhile, the middle part of the push rod (12) is connected with the support (13) through a pull rod pin shaft (32); thus, the pull rod (9), the connecting rod (10) and the push rod (12) form a group of pull rod mechanisms, and the linear motion of the pull rod (9) can be converted into the rotary motion of the push rod (12);

the unhooking mechanism (3) comprises: the device comprises a linear guide rail (14), a distance sleeve (15), an upper baffle (16), a limit stop (17), a spring (18), a long shaft (19), a long pin shaft (20) and a roller (21); two linear guide rails (14) are installed in an installation base (1), a long shaft (19) is inserted into the linear guide rails (14), a spring (18) is placed between the long shaft (19) and the installation base (1), one ends of the two long shafts (19) are connected through a long pin shaft (20), and a roller (21) is added in the middle of the long pin shaft (20), so that a self-resetting U-shaped roller type structure is formed by the spring (18), the long shaft (19), the long pin shaft (20) and the roller (21); the other end of the long shaft (19) is connected through an upper baffle plate (16), and a distance sleeve (15) is inserted into the linear guide rail (14) and the upper baffle plate (16), so that the two long shafts (19) form a whole and can realize synchronous motion; the roller (21) is used for contacting with a heavy hammer, the spring (18) is matched with the distance sleeve (15) to determine the initial position of the roller (21), and the limit stop (17) limits the movement stroke of the roller (21) by contacting with the upper stop piece (16); when the electromagnet (7) is not electrified, the roller (21) is in an extending state under the action of the spring (18), and the weight (31) can be lifted at the natural initial state; when the electromagnet (7) is electrified, the iron core (5) pulls the pull rod (9) to move, and the upper blocking piece (16) is pushed to move through the connecting rod (10) and the push rod (12), so that the roller (21) is driven to retract, and unhooking movement is completed;

the sensor system (4) comprises: the device comprises a lower base (22), an upper base (23), a photoelectric limit switch (24) and a limit switch (29); the lower base (22) is fixedly arranged on the mounting base (1) through bolts, and the photoelectric limit switch (24) is fixedly arranged on the upper base (23) through bolts; the photoelectric limit switch (24) is used for sensing the state information of the unhooking mechanism (3) so as to judge the current unhooking state; a guide groove (25) and a threaded hole (26) are machined on the lower base (22), and a U-shaped hole (27) and a guide key (28) are machined on the upper base (23); the guide groove (25) and the guide key (28) are matched in a sliding mode, and the guide key (28) can move in parallel in the guide groove (25), so that the purpose of adjusting the position of the photoelectric limit switch (24) is achieved; after the position of the photoelectric limit switch (24) is determined, a bolt penetrates through the U-shaped hole (27) to be connected with the threaded hole (26), so that the relative positions of the upper base (23) and the lower base (22) are fixed; 2 sets of a lower base (22), an upper base (23) and a photoelectric limit switch (24) are arranged on the mounting base (1), and are respectively used for detecting unhooking and resetting state information by adjusting the relative positions of the lower base (22) and the upper base (23); a plurality of limit switches (29) are arranged on the mounting base (1) and used for detecting the state of the heavy hammer (31).