CN111365946B - Vacuum freeze drying device and method with auxiliary heating - Google Patents
Vacuum freeze drying device and method with auxiliary heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN111365946B CN111365946B CN202010033553.2A CN202010033553A CN111365946B CN 111365946 B CN111365946 B CN 111365946B CN 202010033553 A CN202010033553 A CN 202010033553A CN 111365946 B CN111365946 B CN 111365946B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/18—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact
- F26B3/20—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by conduction, i.e. the heat is conveyed from the heat source, e.g. gas flame, to the materials or objects to be dried by direct contact the heat source being a heated surface, e.g. a moving belt or conveyor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of drying, and discloses an auxiliary heating vacuum freeze drying device, which comprises: the refrigerating device is communicated with the vacuum chamber; the heating frame is positioned in the vacuum chamber and used for heating materials; the water absorption cover is filled with water absorption materials, and the surface of the water absorption cover is provided with water absorption holes. The freeze drying device can greatly reduce drying energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drying, in particular to a vacuum freeze drying device and method with auxiliary heating.
Background
The description of the background of the invention pertaining to the related art to which this invention pertains is given for the purpose of illustration and understanding only of the summary of the invention and is not to be construed as an admission that the applicant is explicitly or implicitly admitted to be prior art to the date of filing this application as first filed with this invention.
Compared with the production by drying and hot air drying, the freeze drying technology has the advantages that phenols, vitamins, heat-sensitive components and the like are not damaged, and the loss of vitamins, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and other flavor substances is very little, so that the color, the fragrance, the taste, the nutrient components, the appearance and active substances of fresh products can be maintained to the maximum extent.
The technical problems of the prior pure vacuum freeze drying production are as follows: the production period is long, the energy consumption is large, and the industrial production of the freeze drying technology is restricted. In many cases, because the production cycle is long, in the later stage of drying, along with the increase of the thickness of ice crystals, the refrigeration efficiency is sharply reduced, and energy consumption loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide an auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying device and method, and the energy consumption can be greatly saved by adopting the freeze-drying device.
An embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention provides a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus with auxiliary heating, comprising:
the refrigerating device is communicated with the vacuum chamber;
the heating frame is positioned in the vacuum chamber and used for heating materials;
the water absorption cover is filled with water absorption materials, and the surface of the water absorption cover is provided with water absorption holes.
Further, the water absorption cover comprises at least two layers;
each layer of the water absorption cover is provided with a rectangular vent;
the inner wall of the water absorption cover is rotatably connected with an air vent baffle plate, the air vent baffle plate is connected with the inner wall of the water absorption cover through a rotating shaft, the direction of the rotating shaft is a first direction, and the direction perpendicular to the first direction on the inner wall of the water absorption cover is a second direction;
in the first direction, the length direction of each layer of air vents is the same, and the length of the air vent baffle is the same as that of the air vents;
in the second direction, the lengths of the air vents of the water absorption covers are sequentially reduced from inside to outside; the length of vent baffle be greater than the cover inner wall that absorbs water on the length of vent, just the vent baffle can block the vent that each layer absorbed water and covered.
Furthermore, the vent baffle is made of elastic material, and the length of the vent baffle is 1-5mm longer than that of the vent on the inner wall of the water absorption cover in the second direction.
Furthermore, air flow channels are arranged among the water absorption covers.
Furthermore, the free end of the vent baffle is provided with a marker for observation.
Furthermore, a spring is arranged at the bottom of the water absorption cover, an extrusion rod is arranged at the upper part of the vacuum chamber, and the extrusion rod is abutted against the upper end of the water absorption cover and is used for extruding the water absorption cover.
Further, the water absorbing material is calcium oxide.
Further, the number of the heating racks is at least two; the heating frame is a heating frame with adjustable power.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vacuum freeze-drying method with auxiliary heating, which uses any one of the apparatuses described above to perform freeze-drying, and includes the following steps:
placing the material to be freeze-dried on a heating rack in a vacuum chamber; the material is frozen material, and the central temperature is less than 0 ℃;
covering the heating frame with a water absorption cover, closing the vacuum chamber and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to be below 100 Pa;
and starting a heating frame for heating.
Furthermore, the heating rack heating adopts a heating rack with adjustable power, the initial power is set to be P, and the heating power is reduced at the speed of reducing 10-15% of P every half hour.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by absorbing the heat generated by the water vapor in the vacuum freeze drying process and gradually releasing the heat for drying the upper material, the method not only can effectively reduce the heating energy consumption by 30 percent, but also can obviously reduce the phenomenon of reduction of the refrigeration efficiency caused by the thickening of the ice crystal in Regulada in the traditional freeze drying process. The method has economic benefit and is worth popularizing in industry.
The traditional vacuum freeze drying method needs a heat source, and the method fully utilizes water vapor in the drying process to heat, so that the demand of the heat source can be effectively reduced or even avoided, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.
Traditional vacuum freeze-drying process relies on the refrigeration of vacuum freezer to freeze into the ice crystal with the vapor that produces among the freeze-drying process to alleviate vacuum compressor's burden, but along with the bodiness of ice crystal layer in the refrigeration room, refrigeration efficiency will greatly reduced, caused the loss of refrigerator energy consumption. The method can fully absorb the water vapor in the drying process, effectively reduce the production of ice crystals in the refrigeration process and ensure the efficiency of the refrigerator.
Through the method of the water absorption cover, the heat source is more uniform, the heating mode in the single direction in the heating process of the traditional bottom plate heating frame is avoided, the uniformity of freeze-dried products is better, and meanwhile, the freeze-drying efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus for assisting heating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water absorbing cover according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the operation of a vent baffle according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the operation of a vent baffle according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the operation of a vent baffle according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus for auxiliary heating according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to examples.
In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" may not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art. Various embodiments may be replaced or combined, and other embodiments may be obtained according to the embodiments without creative efforts for those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, an auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying apparatus includes:
a refrigerating device (comprising a freezing chamber 4 and a vacuum compressor 5) and a vacuum chamber 3, wherein the refrigerating device is communicated with the vacuum chamber 3;
the heating frame 2 is positioned in the vacuum chamber 3 and used for heating materials;
the water absorption cover comprises a water absorption cover 1, wherein water absorption materials are filled in the water absorption cover 1, and water absorption holes 9 are formed in the surface of the water absorption cover 1.
By absorbing the heat generated by the water vapor in the vacuum freeze drying process and gradually releasing the heat for drying the upper material, the method not only can effectively reduce the heating energy consumption by 30 percent, but also can obviously reduce the phenomenon of reduction of the refrigeration efficiency caused by the thickening of the ice crystal in Regulada in the traditional freeze drying process. The method has economic benefit and is worth popularizing in industry.
The traditional vacuum freeze drying method needs a heat source, and the method fully utilizes water vapor in the drying process to heat, so that the demand of the heat source can be effectively reduced or even avoided, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.
Traditional vacuum freeze-drying process relies on the refrigeration of vacuum freezer to freeze into the ice crystal with the vapor that produces among the freeze-drying process to alleviate vacuum compressor's burden, but along with the bodiness of ice crystal layer in the refrigeration room, refrigeration efficiency will greatly reduced, caused the loss of refrigerator energy consumption. The method can fully absorb the water vapor in the drying process, effectively reduce the production of ice crystals in the refrigeration process and ensure the efficiency of the refrigerator.
Through the method of the water absorption cover, the heat source is more uniform, the heating mode in the single direction in the heating process of the traditional bottom plate heating frame is avoided, the uniformity of freeze-dried products is better, and meanwhile, the freeze-drying efficiency is greatly improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the absorbent cover 1 comprises at least two layers; the multi-layer water absorption cover can absorb the water step by step, and the absorption effect is good;
each layer of the water absorption cover 1 is provided with a rectangular vent 7;
the inner wall of the water absorption cover 1 is rotatably connected with a vent baffle 10, the vent baffle 10 is connected with the inner wall of the water absorption cover through a rotating shaft 101, the direction of the rotating shaft is a first direction, and the direction perpendicular to the first direction on the inner wall of the water absorption cover is a second direction;
in the first direction, the length directions of the air vents 7 of all layers are the same, and the air vent baffle plate and the air vents 7 are the same in length;
in the second direction, the lengths of the air vents 7 of the water absorption covers on the water absorption covers are sequentially reduced from inside to outside; the length of the vent baffle 10 is greater than the length of the vent 7 on the inner wall of the water absorption cover, and the vent baffle can block the vent on each layer of the water absorption cover 1.
Here, it is to be noted that: adopt blow vent and blow vent baffle cooperation to adjust the process of absorbing water, make absorb step by step and can realize automatically regulated, wait that the first layer absorbs water after saturation can carry out the second layer and absorb water.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the vent baffle 10 is made of an elastic material, and in the second direction, the length of the vent baffle 10 is 1-5mm longer than the length of the vent 7 on the inner wall of the water absorbing cover. The length is not limited in the application, and the proper length difference can be selected according to factors such as different baffle materials, different water absorption capacity of water absorption materials, sizes of vent holes and the like, so that the water absorption processes of all layers can be connected.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the layers of the absorbent cover 1 are separated by air flow channels. After the first layer absorbs water and is saturated, the baffle is blocked on the second layer, and an airflow channel is arranged between the first layer and the second layer water absorption cover, so that the resistance of the first layer (saturated) can be avoided, and the airflow channel directly enters the second layer water absorption cover to be absorbed, and the like.
In other embodiments of the present invention, a pressure monitoring device is disposed in the internal space formed by the water absorbing cover 1, the pressure monitoring device is in signal connection with a management center, and when the internal pressure reaches a preset value, the vent baffle 10 is popped onto the next layer of water absorbing cover, wherein the opening of the vent baffle 10 is controlled by the management center, it is understood that the pressure monitoring device may be a pressure sensor, and the management center may be a computer, a tablet computer or a mobile phone, or of course, other management tools.
In other embodiments of the present invention, a humidity sensor is disposed inside each layer of the water absorption cover 1, the humidity sensor is in signal connection with a management center, and when the humidity inside the water absorption cover of a certain layer is monitored to reach a preset value, the management center controls the vent baffle 10 to be ejected to the water absorption cover of the layer outside, so as to realize automatic control of the vent baffle 10.
In some embodiments of the invention, the free end of the vent flap is provided with a marker 102 for viewing. The marker is arranged, so that a worker can better observe the water absorption process, the drying process can be better controlled, and the water absorption material can be replaced in time.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a spring 6 is disposed at the bottom of the water absorption cover, a pressing rod 8 is disposed at the upper portion of the vacuum chamber, and the pressing rod 8 abuts against the upper end of the water absorption cover 1 for pressing the water absorption cover 1. In the initial stage of the vacuumizing process, the gas in the water absorption cover can be smoothly pumped out from the spring, the burden of initial vacuumizing is reduced, and after the vacuumizing is completed, the spring is extruded, and the water absorption effect of the water absorption cover can be prevented from being influenced by the water vapor escaping after the compression.
In some embodiments of the invention, the water absorbing material is calcium oxide.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the heating racks 2 is at least two; the heating frame 2 is a heating frame with adjustable power.
The embodiment of the invention provides an auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying method, which adopts any one device for freeze-drying and comprises the following steps:
placing the material to be freeze-dried on a heating frame 2 in a vacuum chamber 3; the material is frozen material, and the central temperature is less than 0 ℃;
covering the heating frame 2 with a water absorption cover 1, closing the vacuum chamber 3 and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber 3 to be below 100 Pa;
the heating frame is started to heat, the power is 300-1000 w/kg, but the range is not limited, and the heating frame can be different according to different materials, even does not heat.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the heating rack heating is performed by using a heating rack with adjustable power, setting the initial power to be P, and reducing the heating power at a rate of 10-15% P per half hour.
The invention discloses an energy-saving auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying method, which is a method for absorbing water vapor generated heat in the vacuum freeze-drying process and gradually releasing the heat for drying an upper layer material, and not only can effectively reduce the heating energy consumption by 30 percent, but also can obviously reduce the phenomenon of reduction of refrigeration efficiency caused by thickening of ice crystals in Regulana in the traditional freeze-drying process. The method has economic benefit and is worth popularizing in industry.
Which comprises the following steps:
1) placing the material to be freeze-dried (the central temperature is-40 to-10 ℃) in a vacuum chamber; 2) placing a material to be freeze-dried on a heating frame; 3) covering a filling cover and locking; 4) starting a vacuum compressor to vacuumize to be below 100 Pa; 5) starting a heating frame for heating, wherein the power is 300-1000 w/kg, and the power can be different according to different materials; 6) after half an hour, gradually reducing the power at a rate of reducing the power by 50-200 w/kg (or according to a rate of 5-15% of the initial power) within every half an hour; 7) after the heating power output reaches 0w/kg, the freeze-drying can be continued for 1 to 6 hours and then taken out of the warehouse according to the specific material condition, and the freeze-dried tablets can be obtained. The method of the invention has shorter production period than the prior method, reduces the energy consumption and cost of freeze-drying, fully keeps fresh effective components, nutrient components and appearance color and luster without damage, maintains the original shape of the raw product, and has no difference with the traditional freeze-dried product.
An energy-saving auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying method comprises the following steps:
1) placing the material to be lyophilized in a vacuum chamber; the material should be frozen in advance, and the central temperature is in the range of-40 to-10 ℃, but the material is not limited to the range and theoretically can include any temperature below 0 ℃.
2) Placing a material to be freeze-dried on a heating frame; the heating rack can be heated with adjustable continuous power, but not limited to the heating rack with adjustable continuous power, the heating rack can be heated without adjustable power.
3) Covering a filling cover and locking; the upper and lower surfaces of the cover can be designed to be net-shaped or porous (as shown in fig. 2) and can be ventilated, and the inside of the cover is provided with a water-absorbing material which is calcium oxide, but not limited to calcium oxide, and any substance which can absorb water and release heat can be used. Such as iron powder, sodium chloride mixtures, and the like. For convenience of use, the water absorbing material can be put in a mesh bag with holes, and the water absorbing material is directly sleeved into a new one every time of use, and the old one is taken out after freeze-drying is finished. The used water absorption material bag can be dried to achieve the purpose of repeated use. The surface pore size of the cover is determined by the specific water absorbing material and the presence or absence of the package in the mesh bag. The cover can be made into various shapes, such as hemispheres and cubes. The necessary derivatization can also be carried out in this manner, for example by placing the lyophilizate on a heating rack in each layer and covering it. Or be closely attached to the lower part of the heating plate to supplement the heating as necessary.
4) Starting a vacuum compressor to vacuumize to be below 100 Pa; in order to save more energy and improve the vacuum-pumping efficiency in the freeze-drying process, the design can be further optimized, as shown in fig. 3, a spiral extrusion rod is additionally arranged on the cover, a light spring is padded below the cover, or similar objects with the effects of facilitating air circulation and being compressible can be used, the spiral extrusion rod is unscrewed before vacuum-pumping so as to facilitate vacuum-pumping, and the spiral extrusion rod is screwed after the vacuum degree meets the requirement, so that the vacuum cover is closed. The design is not limited to the above, and the object provided with the closing switch can be used for achieving the operation of vacuumizing in the early stage, so that the vacuumizing resistance is relieved. .
5) The heating frame is started to heat, the power is 300-1000 w/kg, but the range is not limited, and the heating frame can be different according to different materials, even does not heat.
6) After half an hour, gradually reducing the power at a rate of 50-200 w/kg of power reduction (or at a rate of 10-15% of the initial power) every half an hour, but the power is not limited to the rate range; the water absorption of the water absorbing material layer is gradually increased with the increase of the drying time, and in order to improve the drying efficiency and reduce the load of the vacuum pump, the air vent 7 may be provided in the filling layer to perform layer-by-layer absorption (fig. 4). Fig. 4 shows that a section of vent hole can be arranged in the cover at intervals, a movable plate with one fixed end is arranged at the bottom of the vent hole, the movable plate is made of thin carbon fiber material or other materials with strong toughness, and the movable end is 1-5mm wider than the cover edge. When the freeze-drying starts, as shown in fig. 5(a), due to the action of the baffle, the water vapor generated by the material will pass through the holes on the lower surface of the cover and be absorbed by most parts, and a small part is pumped into the freezing chamber 9 by vacuum pumping, condensed into ice, and a small part is pumped to the outside. After the moisture on the lower surface is gradually saturated, the moisture transfer speed is reduced, the partial pressure of the movable plate is increased by the vacuum pump, the thin-layer carbon fiber is easily bent and clamped on the filling layer plate of the second layer (the ventilation aperture of the filling layer of the second layer is narrower than that of the bottom layer, and the movable end is 1-4 mm wider than the cover edge), as shown in fig. 5 (b). The water vapour is then conveniently drawn through the second layer and absorbed by the remaining small portion. Also, in the same manner as above,
when the freeze-drying is continuously carried out, after the bottom layer is gradually saturated, the partial pressure of the movable plate is increased by the vacuum pump, the thin-layer carbon fiber is bent again and clamped on the plate at the top layer of the filling layer (the ventilation aperture of the filling layer at the top layer is narrower than that of the middle layer, and the movable end is 1-2 mm wider than the cover edge), as shown in fig. 6 (a). Similarly, when the material has absorbed moisture sufficiently, the shutter will be opened sufficiently, as shown in fig. 6 (b). The ventilation hole has the other advantage that the drying condition of the material in the freeze-drying stage and the filling layer can be conveniently and clearly seen, red is marked at the tail end of the movable plate, and when all or most of red appears at the top end of the ventilation hole, a producer can judge the drying condition of the material according to the proportion relation between the water absorption amount of the filling layer and the water loss amount of the material.
7) After the heating power output reaches 0w/kg, the freeze-drying can be continued for 1 to 6 hours and then taken out of the warehouse according to the specific material condition, and the freeze-dried tablets can be obtained.
Example 1
An energy-saving auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying method comprises the following steps:
1) freezing banana slice in advance, setting the center temperature at-40 deg.C, and placing in a vacuum chamber;
2) placing a material to be freeze-dried on a heating frame;
3) covering a filling cover and locking; the cover is internally provided with a water absorbing material which is calcium oxide.
4) Starting a vacuum compressor to vacuumize to be below 100 Pa;
5) the heating frame is started to heat with the power of 500 w/kg.
6) After half an hour, gradually reducing the power at the rate of reducing the power by 50w/kg every half an hour;
7) after 5 hours, stopping heating, continuously freeze-drying for 3 hours, and taking out of the bin to obtain the freeze-dried tablets.
Example 2
An energy-saving auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying method comprises the following steps:
1) the sour milk jelly is frozen firstly, the central temperature is in the range of minus 40 to minus 30 ℃, and then the sour milk jelly is placed in a vacuum chamber.
2) Placing a material to be freeze-dried on a heating frame; the heating rack can be heated with adjustable continuous power, but not limited to the heating rack with adjustable continuous power, the heating rack can be heated without adjustable power.
3) Each layer of heating rack is covered with a filling cover and locked (as shown in figure 2); the cover is internally provided with a water absorbing material which is calcium oxide. The cover can be made into various shapes, such as hemispheres and cubes.
4) Starting a vacuum compressor to vacuumize to be below 100 Pa;
5) the heating rack is started to heat, the power is 1000w/kg, but the range is not limited, and the heating rack can be different according to different materials, and even does not heat.
6) After half an hour, the power is gradually reduced at a rate of 70w/kg of power per half an hour, but the power is not limited to the rate range;
7) and stopping heating after the heating power output reaches 8 hours, and taking out after continuous freeze-drying is selected for 3 hours to obtain freeze-dried tablets.
Example 3
An energy-saving auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying method comprises the following steps:
1) the instant soup is slowly frozen, namely, the instant soup is quickly cooled to 0 ℃ firstly, and then is slowly cooled near the freezing point of the solution, or is subjected to fluctuation cooling, wherein the slow cooling and the fluctuation cooling are used for generating larger ice crystals after the solution is frozen, the larger the particles of the ice crystals are, the smaller the later drying heat transfer resistance is, and the subsequent drying rate is convenient to improve. But is frozen until the central temperature is in the range of-40 to-30 ℃ and then is placed in a vacuum chamber.
2) Placing a material to be freeze-dried on a heating frame; the heating rack can be heated with adjustable continuous power, but not limited to the heating rack with adjustable continuous power, the heating rack can be heated without adjustable power.
3) Each layer of heating rack is covered with a filling cover and locked (as shown in figure 2); the cover is internally provided with a water absorbing material which is a mixture of iron powder and sodium chloride. The cover can be made into various shapes, such as hemispheres and cubes.
4) Starting a vacuum compressor to vacuumize to be below 100 Pa;
5) the heating rack is started to heat, the power is 1000w/kg, but the range is not limited, and the heating rack can be different according to different materials, and even does not heat.
6) After half an hour, gradually decreasing the power at a rate of 50w/kg of power per half an hour, but not limited to this rate range;
7) and stopping heating after the heating power output reaches 10 hours, and taking out after continuous freeze-drying for 4 hours to obtain freeze-dried tablets.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying device, comprising:
the refrigerating device is communicated with the vacuum chamber;
the heating frame is positioned in the vacuum chamber and used for heating materials;
the water absorption cover is filled with water absorption materials, and the surface of the water absorption cover is provided with water absorption holes; the water absorption cover comprises at least two layers;
each layer of the water absorption cover is provided with a rectangular vent;
the inner wall of the water absorption cover is rotatably connected with an air vent baffle plate, the air vent baffle plate is connected with the inner wall of the water absorption cover through a rotating shaft, the direction of the rotating shaft is a first direction, and the direction perpendicular to the first direction on the inner wall of the water absorption cover is a second direction;
in the first direction, the length direction of each layer of air vents is the same, and the length of the air vent baffle is the same as that of the air vents;
in the second direction, the lengths of the air vents of the water absorption covers are sequentially reduced from inside to outside; the length of the vent baffle is greater than that of the vent on the inner wall of the water absorption cover, and the vent baffle can block the vent on each layer of water absorption cover;
the vent baffle is made of elastic material, and the length of the vent baffle is 1-5mm longer than that of the vent on the inner wall of the water absorption cover in the second direction;
air flow channels are arranged among the water absorption covers;
the free end of the vent baffle is provided with a marker for observation.
2. The vacuum freeze-drying device with auxiliary heating as claimed in claim 1, wherein a spring is arranged at the bottom of the water absorption cover, a pressing rod is arranged at the upper part of the vacuum chamber, and the pressing rod is abutted against the upper end of the water absorption cover and is used for pressing the water absorption cover.
3. An auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing material is calcium oxide.
4. An auxiliary heating vacuum freeze-drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of the heating racks is at least two; the heating frame is a heating frame with adjustable power.
5. A vacuum freeze-drying method with auxiliary heating, characterized in that the freeze-drying is carried out by using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the steps of:
placing the material to be freeze-dried on a heating rack in a vacuum chamber; the material is frozen material, and the central temperature is less than 0 ℃;
covering the heating frame with a water absorption cover, closing the vacuum chamber and vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to be below 100 Pa; and starting a heating frame for heating.
6. The vacuum freeze-drying method with auxiliary heating according to claim 5, wherein the heating rack heating adopts a heating rack with adjustable power, the initial power is set to be P, and the heating power is reduced at a speed of 10-15% P per half hour.
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Address after: No. 2 Xiangcheng District University Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province Patentee after: ZHANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Patentee after: Fujian Lixing Food Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 2 Xiangcheng District University Road, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province Patentee before: ZHANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Patentee before: Fujian Lixing Foods Co.,Ltd. |