CN111365121B - Linear range-extending generator driven by pre-supercharging exhaust-gas-changing free piston engine - Google Patents

Linear range-extending generator driven by pre-supercharging exhaust-gas-changing free piston engine Download PDF

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CN111365121B
CN111365121B CN201911426685.5A CN201911426685A CN111365121B CN 111365121 B CN111365121 B CN 111365121B CN 201911426685 A CN201911426685 A CN 201911426685A CN 111365121 B CN111365121 B CN 111365121B
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piston
generator
engine
cylinder
oil
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CN111365121A (en
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钱裕智
方素萍
钱百成
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/06—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with reciprocating-piston pumps other than simple crankcase pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/027—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions using knock sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D37/00—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D37/02—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for one of the functions being ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0859—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines specially adapted to the type of the starter motor or integrated into it
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/16—Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18—Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B2075/1804—Number of cylinders
    • F02B2075/1808—Number of cylinders two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D2041/389—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type for injecting directly into the cylinder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

A linear range-increasing generator driven by a pre-supercharging exhaust-gas-changing free piston engine relates to an engine and a generator, two sets of cylinder bodies are connected on a generator body, pistons in the cylinders form a group of free pistons through a connecting rod, the pistons reciprocate once through a whole-course supercharging system, each cylinder exhaust valve and each cylinder intake valve are opened and closed once, new air is used for flushing exhaust gas and completing air intake, then compression work is performed once respectively, the exhaust gas in the cylinders is recycled and combined with Miller-like circulation, the highest compression ratio which can be achieved by the engine suitable for the current situation is automatically selected through a piezoelectric knock sensor and a controller, partial lubrication of the pistons is internal circulation lubrication which takes an inertia density difference to drive a self-circulation pump as a core, the generator is a tooth-slot-shaped cylindrical stator type rare earth reciprocating type permanent magnet linear generator with stator coil windings with a phase difference of 90 degrees, and the electric energy output of the generator is a power controlled adjusting output circuit, the generator also serves as a starting motor.

Description

Linear range-extending generator driven by pre-supercharging exhaust-gas-changing free piston engine
Technical Field
The invention relates to an internal combustion engine and a range-extended generator driven by the internal combustion engine, in particular to a linear range-extended generator driven by a pre-supercharging exhaust-gas-changing free piston engine.
Background
The electric automobile is the development direction of the automobile due to the characteristics of energy conservation and environmental protection, and the current electric automobile has the problems of short driving range after single charging, overweight batteries, long charging time, non-popularization of charging piles and the like. The extended range electric vehicle has the characteristics of high efficiency and low emission of the pure electric vehicle, can prolong the driving range of the pure electric vehicle, and is a better compromise scheme for solving the problems of energy conservation and environmental protection at present. The existing four-stroke range extender has serious defects of power capacity, power per liter and power proportion, and the existing two-stroke reciprocating free piston engine range extender has large pollution and wastes fuel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a linear lift-increasing generator driven by a pre-supercharging exhaust-changing free piston engine, which has the advantages of high power capacity, high lift power, high power proportion, variable compression ratio, high efficiency, good exhaust and relatively simple structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the engine in the linear stroke-increasing generator driven by the pre-supercharged exhaust-gas-exchanging free piston engine is provided with a whole-stroke supercharging system which comprises a supercharger, a radiator, a sensor and the like, and provides middle-low pressure compressed air with the pressure higher than one atmosphere and lower than four atmospheres for the engine, wherein the higher the output power of the same engine is, the higher the pressure of the compressed air provided by the supercharging system is. There are three specific embodiments of the pressurizing section: 1. the single mechanical supercharger has the defects of wasting more energy; 2. the mechanical supercharger and the exhaust gas turbocharger are used simultaneously, the mechanical supercharger mainly works at low power under the control of a sensor and an electronic control system ECU, and the mechanical supercharger makes up the deficiency of the supercharging capacity of the exhaust gas turbocharger at high power; 3. the mechanical supercharger and the exhaust gas turbocharger are integrated, specifically, a high-speed motor is added on the exhaust gas turbocharger, the volume of a booster turbine is increased, the booster turbine is driven by the motor at low power under the control of a sensor and an electronic control system ECU, the exhaust gas turbine is used for assisting, the booster turbine is driven by the exhaust gas turbine at high power, and the motor is used for assisting. The pressurized gas is cooled by a radiator and supplied to an air inlet system;
the engine of the linear range-extended generator driven by the pre-supercharging exhaust-changing free piston engine adopts a mode that compressed air of a whole-stroke supercharging system flushes and discharges exhaust gas in a cylinder to finish the exhaust changing and discharging of most exhaust gas and air inlet. Unlike a conventional four-stroke, two-stroke engine, the operation of the engine for one cycle period includes: the compressed air actively flushes and exhausts the waste gas and completes the process of air intake, the compression stroke and the working stroke, the piston does work once per cylinder after reciprocating motion, and each group always has one cylinder to do work. The inlet valve position may be provided on the cylinder head or on the piston. When the air inlet valve is arranged on the piston, the appearance of the air valve is in a traditional shape or an annular shape, the single air valve is arranged in the center of the piston, the multiple air valves are symmetrically arranged on the piston in a balanced manner, and hydraulic drive or limit mechanical drive or electromagnetic drive or mechanical and electromagnetic hybrid drive is adopted. The intake valve position is arranged on the cylinder head: the valve on the cylinder cover adopts hydraulic drive or pull rod drive (similar to ejector rod drive) or electromagnetic drive or electro-hydraulic hybrid drive, and on the basis of the existing ordinary four-stroke engine gas distribution system, the valve inlet and the valve outlet of the gas distribution system are changed from one time of reciprocating opening and closing of a piston to one time of reciprocating opening and closing of the piston, the working time of gas inlet and gas outlet of the gas distribution system is changed to be basically consistent, and the overlapping range of the common opening of the valve inlet and the valve outlet is much larger than the range of the single opening. The position of the air inlet valve is also well arranged on the cylinder head, the air inlet valve is also well arranged on the piston, the same is also true, when the working stroke of one cylinder of the engine is close to the inner dead point (which is equivalent to the bottom dead point) of the inner row (far cylinder head direction, which is equivalent to the downward row) of the piston, the air outlet valve is opened, the air exhaust is started, the air pressure in the cylinder is quickly close to the atmospheric pressure, the air inlet valve is also opened, the middle and low pressure compressed air which is higher than the atmospheric pressure and is cooled by the whole-range pressurization system is used for quickly flushing and ventilating the waste gas in the cylinder, most of the waste gas is eliminated, then the air outlet valve is closed, the air inlet valve is closed after the air inlet is finished, the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are closed in the upward row process of the piston and the pressure change of the whole-range pressurization system to play the role of a throttle valve, then the compression, the oil injection and the ignition working of the gasoline engine are also good, the closing time (with the role of the throttle valve) in the upward row in the upward process of the piston is different according to different design purposes, in most cases, high efficiency is sought, the pressure of a whole-stroke supercharging system can be controlled to be slightly lower at the moment, and then a longer exhaust exchange process is matched, due to the existence of the whole-stroke supercharging system, an air inlet valve and an exhaust valve can be closed when a piston moves upwards to more than 50% of the whole stroke, so that the stroke of a power stroke is more than that of a compression stroke, the expansion ratio is greater than that of a compression ratio, simple in-cylinder exhaust gas recirculation is combined with simpler and more efficient Miller-like circulation (Atkinson circulation), and meanwhile lean combustion can be matched. Ignition and fuel supply are changed from once working of reciprocating piston twice to once working of reciprocating piston once under the control of a control system on the basis of the existing common four-stroke engine, and heat dissipation is properly enhanced. The gas circulation process of the intake valve position arranged on the piston is as follows: the whole-course supercharging system of the engine provides cooled compressed air for flushing and exhausting waste gas and completing air intake for the generator body cavity, and the compressed air passes through an air passage on stator silicon steel in the generator body cavity (the air intake valve is positioned on a cylinder head and serves as a gas circulation passage for preventing gas compression between a piston and a generator), an air intake valve on the piston and an exhaust valve on a cylinder cover to flush and exhaust waste gas in the cylinder and complete air intake.
The engine of the linear range-extending generator driven by the pre-supercharged exhaust-exchange free piston engine adopts free pistons and generally comprises one or more groups of engines and generator parts, each group of engines and generators comprises two sets of cylinder bodies with cylinder heads, the two sets of cylinder bodies are oppositely arranged at two ends of a generator body, and pistons in the two cylinders are connected together through piston connecting rods to form a group of free pistons. The piston reciprocates once to complete three strokes, the exhaust process, the compression stroke and the power stroke are changed, the exhaust valve and the intake valve are opened and closed once, the working time of the intake valve and the exhaust valve is basically consistent, the overlapping range of the common opening of the intake valve and the exhaust valve is much larger than the range of the single opening, and the fresh compressed air is utilized to flush exhaust waste gas and complete air intake: when the working stroke of one cylinder (hereinafter referred to as a cylinder I) of the engine is close to the inner dead center (far cylinder head direction, which is equivalent to the bottom dead center of a four-stroke engine) of the reciprocating motion inner line of the piston, an exhaust valve is firstly opened to start exhausting, the air pressure in the cylinder is close to the atmospheric pressure quickly, at this time, the inlet valve is also opened, the air from the supercharging system above the atmospheric pressure quickly flushes and ventilates the waste gas in the cylinder, the piston reaches the inner dead center, at this time, the piston of the other opposite cylinder (hereinafter referred to as the second cylinder) starts to work and approaches to the inner line in the direction of the generator, the pistons of the connected first cylinder synchronously start to go out, the exhaust is changed and continued, most of exhaust gas in the cylinder is cleared, then the exhaust valve is closed, the intake valve is closed after the intake is finished, then compressing, oil injecting, compression igniting (or igniting) to do work, and the second cylinder correspondingly continues to do work, exhaust and compress, and the process is repeated. The engine is provided with no throttle valve, so that pumping loss is reduced, and the air inflow is adjusted through the closing timing of the intake valve and the exhaust valve in the process of outward movement of the piston. The closing time of the intake valve and the exhaust valve in the process of outward movement of the piston is different according to different design purposes, in most cases, high efficiency is pursued, at this time, the pressure of a whole-stroke pressurization system can be controlled to be slightly lower, and then the exhaust change process which is longer is matched, because of the existence of the whole-stroke pressurization system, the intake valve and the exhaust valve can be closed when the piston moves outward (in the direction close to the cylinder head) to about 50% of the whole stroke, so that the stroke of the power stroke is more than that of the compression stroke, the expansion ratio is more than that of the compression ratio, the simple in-cylinder exhaust gas recirculation is combined with simpler and more efficient Miller cycle (Atkinson cycle) like circulation, and meanwhile, lean combustion can be matched; under the condition that high boost power is sought, the pressure of a whole-stroke supercharging system can be controlled to be higher, and then the exhaust changing process with shorter stroke is adopted, because of the existence of the whole-stroke supercharging system, an air inlet valve and an exhaust valve can complete air change and close after the piston moves to 30% or less of the whole stroke, the air inflow is increased, and the boost power of the engine can be twice of the boost power of the existing natural suction four-stroke engine. The pursuit of high efficiency and high power can be switched within a certain range through a variable stroke gas distribution system and a mechanical pressurization system, and the variable stroke gas distribution system has various different realization modes according to different driving modes of the valve: electromagnetic drive, electro-hydraulic hybrid drive, limiting mechanical drive and mechanical and electromagnetic hybrid drive can be realized by changing the mechanical position and the opening and closing time of an electromagnet. In order to improve the efficiency of exhaust gas and reduce the power loss of exhaust gas, the structure of the inlet valve on the piston can be modified properly from the traditional shape to a ring shape or an arc shape.
The displacement of the engine in a linear range-extended generator driven by a pre-supercharged exhaust-free piston engine is fixed or variable: for equipment with less change of power demand, the displacement of an engine is fixed; for equipment with large power demand change, such as trucks and the like, power can be adjusted by starting and stopping a plurality of groups of engines and generators, and a variable displacement engine can be adopted.
The compression ratio of the engine in a linear range-extended generator driven by a pre-supercharged exhaust-gas-free piston engine is variable: the fuel supply and the electric energy output are automatically controlled according to programs by a piezoelectric knock sensor and a controller, and the current fuel, the current external environment, the current engine condition, the best compression ratio which can be achieved by the best advanced injection compression ignition or ignition angle and the engine condition are automatically selected according to the programs, and the direct injection compression ignition and the lean combustion are preferentially adopted. The controller continuously collects and analyzes the knock signal of the piezoelectric knock sensor, if the knock does not exist in a short time, the compression ratio is increased according to a program under the condition that the best advanced fuel injection compression ignition or advanced fuel injection ignition angle is achieved under the current working condition, and if the knock exists in a short time but exceeds a reasonable range, the compression ratio is reduced according to a program under the condition that the best advanced fuel injection compression ignition or advanced fuel injection ignition angle is achieved under the current working condition, and the engine keeps slight knock. Therefore, the difficult problem that the gasoline compression ignition is difficult to wait is smoothly solved, and the highest compression ratio under the current fuel in the current environment is realized, so that the engine has higher efficiency.
The engine in the linear range-increasing generator driven by the pre-supercharging exhaust-free piston engine reciprocates each piston under the control of the control system, the ignition of each cylinder (if compression ignition is adopted, ignition is not adopted), the fuel supply works once, and each cylinder works once.
The lubrication system of the engine in the linear range-increasing generator driven by the pre-pressurized exhaust free piston engine comprises partial circulation lubrication of the piston (the air inlet valve is arranged on the piston and the valve part on the piston) and lubrication of the cylinder head part. One design of the internal lubrication part of the piston and the valve part on the piston comprises a lubricating oil tank, an oil filter, an oil inlet pipe, an oil inlet connector and a normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve (the partial lubrication oil path of the cylinder cover is normally open) on the cylinder body, self-circulation lubrication of the piston and the valve part on the piston, an oil outlet connector and a normally closed oil outlet two-position three-way control valve (the partial lubrication oil path of the cylinder cover is normally open) on the cylinder body, an oil outlet pipe, an oil pump and an oil return pipe. The self-circulation lubrication of the piston and the valve part on the piston consists of a lubricating oil groove on the piston, lubricating oil guide pipes or oil holes which are symmetrically arranged, oil guide holes or oil guide pipes on a piston handle, lubrication of the valve on the piston and an acceleration self-driving self-circulation pump with inertia density difference. The inertia density difference acceleration self-driven self-circulation pump is formed by placing a cylinder or a round ball in a circular tube, the cylinder or the round ball is placed in a piston connecting rod or placed on the piston connecting rod externally, when the piston reciprocates, the cylinder or the round ball lags behind the acceleration motion of the piston when the cylinder or the round ball does acceleration motion due to the fact that the density of the cylinder or the round ball is different from that of lubricating oil, and therefore the lubricating oil is driven to reciprocate; when the air inlet valve is on the piston, the inlet and outlet lubricating oil of the valve on the piston is connected to the oil guide hole on the piston connecting rod as branch. The method comprises the following steps that a piston and an inner lubricating part of a valve part on the piston are positioned and reset on the piston at one end under program control when an engine is stopped, then a normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve on an oil inlet interface on a cylinder block (a part of lubricating oil paths of a cylinder cover are correspondingly closed), a normally closed oil outlet two-position three-way control valve on an oil outlet interface on the cylinder block (a part of lubricating oil paths of the cylinder cover are correspondingly closed), an oil pump are opened, lubricating oil is replaced on the inner lubricating part, then the piston at the other end is positioned and reset, then the normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve on the oil inlet interface on the cylinder block (a part of lubricating oil paths of the cylinder cover are correspondingly closed), the normally closed oil outlet three-way control valve on the oil outlet interface on the cylinder block (a part of lubricating oil paths of the cylinder cover are correspondingly closed), and the oil pump is replaced on the inner lubricating part; when the engine works, the normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve on the oil inlet interface on the cylinder body is not electrified (part of lubricating oil paths of the cylinder cover are correspondingly opened), and the oil pump pumps lubricating oil of the traditional lubricating and heat dissipating part of the valve of the cylinder cover for oil circulation.
The generator in the linear range-extended generator driven by the pre-supercharging exhaust-changing free piston engine is a cylindrical rare earth permanent magnet reciprocating linear generator. The generator adopts the existing 3-phase linear generator or a two (or four) phase generator. The two-phase or four-phase generator consists of two groups of stator silicon steel with 90-degree phase difference, a tooth-slot-shaped cylindrical stator with stator coil windings and a rotor containing a group of uniformly distributed rare earth permanent magnets, wherein the stator of the generator is a tooth-slot-shaped cylindrical magnet yoke stator with two groups of stator coil windings and 90-degree phase difference in a machine body; sensors for detecting the speed and the acceleration of the rotor on the stator tooth grooves of the generator, such as hall sensors, etc., of course, the generating coils can also be used as the sensors; the rotor mainly comprises a piston connecting rod connected with the piston, a soft iron magnetic yoke coated outside the piston connecting rod, and a plurality of annular rare earth permanent magnets sleeved outside the magnetic yoke at equal intervals, wherein the thickness and the interval of the annular permanent magnets are the same as the pitch of the stator, the S pole and the N pole of the annular permanent magnets are inward and outward, the interval of the inside and outside poles of the magnets is reverse, namely if the polarity of the outer circumference of one permanent magnet is the S pole, the polarity of the outer circumference of the permanent magnet adjacent to the permanent magnet is the N pole. The induced voltage and current of adjacent coils of each group of stators are reversed, so that the leads are connected according to the voltage and current, and a two (or four) phase generator and a motor can be obtained by different connection methods. The phase difference between the two groups of stator cores is 90 degrees, which is shown in the position that if the teeth of one group of stator cores are in the same position with the permanent magnet of the rotor, the tooth slots (windings) of the other group of stator cores are in the same position with the permanent magnet of the rotor. The structure can be used as a two (four) -phase generator and a motor on one hand, and can also greatly reduce the acting force between the rotor and the stator on the other hand.
The engine and generator junction or generator stator and generator organism in the straight line of the engine drive of the free piston engine of exhaust of changing of the pre-pressurization have accurate fine-tuning of position. The position of an engine comprising a permanent magnet rotor relative to a stator of the generator is adjusted through a position precise fine adjustment mechanism, the acting force on the rotor in the electromagnetic acting force of the rotor and the stator in a static state is upward, the acting force is slightly smaller than the gravity of the whole rotor such as a piston connecting rod, and a permanent magnet rotor position limiting bearing set is added in the stator of the generator when necessary, so that the pressure and friction between a piston and a cylinder sleeve are reduced, the service life of the engine is prolonged, and the efficiency is improved.
The generator in the generator driven by the pre-supercharging exhaust-gas-changing free piston engine is also a reset and starting motor, and the engine is started again when compression ignition (ignition) fails to work occasionally during operation.
The generator driven by the pre-pressurized free piston engine with exhaust gas exchange adopts the balance regulation of electric energy output, and includes one normal rectifier switch output circuit as the main power output circuit, one rectifier bridge, one fuse and one capacitor C 2 ECU controlled electronic switch tube G 1 Diode G 2 Inductor L 1 Etc. electronic switch tube G controlled by ECU 1 Diode G 2 An inductor L 1 Etc. electronic switch tube G controlled by ECU 1 Diode G 2 Inductor L 1 Forming a step-down supply circuit, a diode G 2 The switching tube can be replaced, the normal-state power generation of the range-extended generator is regulated and output by the circuit, the balance regulation of the electric energy output also comprises DC to DC boost power regulation which is connected with the output circuit of the normal rectifier switch in parallel, the normal-state power generation of the range-extended generator is not started, and the piston can move to the most proper position (the most proper compression ratio) in each cycle through the balance regulation of oil supply and the electric energy output. The oil supply can only be relatively accurate, and the change of the atomization explosion condition of the oil injection state can cause each time of doingThe work is different, at this moment, through hall sensor on the stator, the ECU calculates the speed and the acceleration of action subpart to combine group battery, power consumption condition, ECU calculates whether the piston can move to the most suitable position: if the energy is just enough, the adjustment is not carried out; if the explosion power is insufficient, an electronic switch tube G controlled by the ECU is calculated according to a program 1 Quantitatively reducing and adjusting partial current of an output circuit, reducing output power and ensuring that the piston can move to the most appropriate position after correction; if the explosion power is abnormally exceeded, the ECU starts the DC to DC boost power regulation output circuit, calculates and quantitatively controls partial voltage and current of the DC to DC boost power regulation circuit according to a program, increases the output power and ensures that the piston can move to the most appropriate position after correction; after adjustment, continuing to detect, calculate and adjust until the stroke is finished; therefore, each time of work is continuously calculated and regulated.
The generator in the linear range-extended generator driven by the pre-supercharging exhaust-gas-changing free piston engine can be automatically switched to a starting state during operation: in general, each cylinder of the engine can be normally exploded once in each period, and in special cases, explosion failure is possible, a Hall sensor or other sensors on a stator of each stroke work ceaselessly, and the speed and the acceleration of a mover part are calculated through an ECU (electronic control Unit) of the vehicle-mounted computer controller, so that whether the stroke which needs to be exploded is successfully exploded or not and whether abnormal friction or impact exists or not is judged, if the stroke which needs to be exploded is successfully exploded, the power output is immediately adjusted through the speed and the acceleration of the mover part calculated through the ECU of the vehicle-mounted computer controller, the opposite piston is ensured to move to a proper position, if the stroke which needs to be exploded is exploded and is exploded, a generator is switched into a motor and adjusts driving power, the opposite piston is ensured to move to the proper position, the controller records errors, if abnormal friction or impact exists, the controller records and displays the problems, and if the error exceeds the reasonable range, prompting the maintenance information, and if the error exceeds the allowable range, stopping the machine and prompting the maintenance information.
In order to reduce vibration, two or four groups of linear range-extending generators driven by a pre-supercharged exhaust-exchange free piston engine are generally used in a combined manner, and the linear range-extending generators are controlled to reversely run through a program. When a group is used independently, in order to reduce vibration, the moving directions of the piston and the motor mover can be changed by a reversing mechanism such as hydraulic pressure or gears, so that the piston and the motor mover run in opposite directions, and the masses of the piston and the motor mover are controlled to be close to or equal to each other.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the efficiency is high, mechanical pressurization is increased, and a lot of energy is consumed, but the friction and the pumping consumption of the two strokes of an exhaust stroke and an air suction stroke are reduced, meanwhile, no crankshaft causes that the highest pressure in the cylinder can be used, and the application of the energy is improved like the Miller cycle, so the overall efficiency is greatly improved.
The fuel supply and the electric energy output are automatically controlled according to programs through the piezoelectric knock sensor and the controller, the highest compression ratio which can be achieved by the current environment of the current fuel is automatically selected according to the fuel, and the efficiency is greatly improved.
The high power capacity, large power per liter and high power proportion can reach more than 2 times of the existing same-displacement natural air suction engine, because the engine is a special two-stroke engine formed by changing a four-stroke engine and is provided with a supercharging system.
The range-extended generator is combined by two groups and four groups, and pistons in the generator in the combination are controlled by programs to move in opposite phases, so that the vibration is small; when the piston is used independently, the piston and the motor rotor can run in the reverse direction through a reversing mechanism such as hydraulic pressure or gears, the mass of the piston and the motor rotor is controlled to be close to or equal to each other, and vibration is relieved.
And when a plurality of groups work, one damaged group can work normally, and the device is particularly suitable for small airplanes.
High efficiency and high power can be switched with the pressure boost system through the gas distribution system, and for the working condition with large power demand change, such as a truck, the oil consumption can be reduced.
The power is smooth because the frequency of the power stroke is doubled.
Good emission, because of the self-contained exhaust gas recirculation, lean combustion can be realized.
Compared with the single-group stator cylindrical rare earth permanent magnet reciprocating linear generator, the cylindrical rare earth permanent magnet reciprocating linear generator with two groups of stators with 90-degree phase difference has the advantages that two phases with 90-degree phase difference or four phases with 90-degree phase difference sequentially can be formed by different connection methods of two groups of coils, the generator can be conveniently used as a starting reset motor through a control system, and acting force between a permanent magnet and a stator iron core can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings, which are only schematic representations of principles.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a linear range-extending generator driven by a pre-charged, vented, free-piston engine.
FIG. 2 is a cylinder-by-cylinder reciprocating (one cycle) engine valve timing diagram for a linear range-extending generator driven by a pre-charged free-piston engine with exhaust gas exchange.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single set of gears used as piston and generator mover reversing mechanisms for a linear range-extended generator driven by a pre-charged scavenging free piston engine.
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power conditioning output portion of a linear range extending generator driven by a pre-charged scavenging free piston engine.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a portion of the operation of a linear range-extending generator driven by a pre-charged displacer free-piston engine.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a lubrication system piston portion of an engine in a straight-line range-extending generator driven by a pre-charged vented free piston engine.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an intake valve in the middle of a piston of a straight-line range-increasing generator driven by a pre-charged exhaust-free piston engine.
FIG. 8 is a schematic of the intake valve around the piston of a linear range extender driven from an electric piston engine by pre-charge bleed-off.
FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of a trapezoidal ring groove or a trapezoidal wire groove or a groined groove for preventing a heat insulating layer from falling off on a piston and an air valve when the heat insulating layer is arranged on the piston and the air valve of an air inlet valve of a linear range-increasing generator driven by a pre-supercharging exhaust-exchange free piston engine.
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal ring groove or a trapezoidal wire groove or a groined groove for preventing a heat insulating layer from falling off from a piston and an air valve when the heat insulating layer is arranged on the piston and the air valve of an air inlet valve of a linear range-increasing generator driven by a pre-supercharging exhaust-exchange free piston engine.
In the figure: 1. an intake valve group; 2. an exhaust valve group; 3. an igniter (no igniter is used in a pure pressure combustion mode); 4. fuel nozzles for gasoline, diesel, gas, etc.; 5. a piston; 51. a piston ring; 52. a lubricating oil flow ring groove on the piston; 6. a cylinder body; 7. the inertia density difference accelerates the self-driven self-circulating pump; 71. the inertia density difference accelerates the cylindrical or spherical metal body with higher density in the self-driven self-circulating pump; 72. the inertia density difference accelerates the low-density lubricating oil in the self-driven self-circulation pump; 8. a lubricating oil gallery; 9. an inlet for compressed air to enter from the generator body; 10. a delayed door closing electromagnet or a mechanical device which is matched with a limiting machine to drive an inlet valve; 11. a limit stop block of a limit mechanical drive inlet valve fixed on the machine body; 111. the limiting mechanism fixed on the machine body drives the adjusting device of the limiting stop block of the inlet valve; 12. a piston connecting rod; 13. the annular rare earth permanent magnet is internally and externally provided with a magnetic pole; 14. the stator comprises a tooth-slot-shaped cylindrical stator with a stator coil winding and an air passage arranged around the stator; 15. a change gear; 16. a rack on the piston rod; 17. a rack in the engine cylindrical mover; 18. a limit bearing for ensuring the engine cylindrical rotor to do translation; 19. a lubricating oil circulation pump; 20. a lubricating oil storage tank; 21. oil filtration; 22. a normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve; 23. trapezoid groove for preventing heat insulation layer from falling off and heat insulation layer
In fig. 2: the range of angle BOC represents the power stroke of the piston moving inwards under the action of high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas from an outer dead center; the range of the angle COG represents the active air intake and exhaust conversion and exhaust process, the shaded part of the vertical line represents that the content of the waste gas in the cylinder is less and less in the operation, and the shaded part of the grid line represents that the content of the air in the cylinder is more and more in the operation; the range of < GOA represents the compression stroke of the piston to compress air. OB represents that a piston runs to an outer stop point, OE represents that the piston runs to an inner stop point, OA represents an ignition position or a heat engine oil and gas injection position, angle AOB is an ignition advance angle or a heat engine oil and gas injection advance angle, OC represents an exhaust valve opening starting position, OD represents an intake valve opening starting position, OF represents an exhaust valve closing position, exhaust gas changing is completed, OG represents an intake valve closing position, intake is completed, angle DOF represents an exhaust gas changing area in which an intake valve and an exhaust valve are both opened, angle COD represents a pressure relief exhaust area in which exhaust gas pressure is released when the exhaust valve is opened first, angle FOG represents an area in which air intake amount is increased by a pressurization system after the exhaust valve is closed first, angle COF represents an exhaust area in which the exhaust valve is opened, angle DOG represents an intake area in which the intake valve is opened, and angle COE represents an exhaust advance angle.
Detailed Description
In fig. 1, the whole-stroke supercharging system includes a filter, a supercharger, a radiator, a sensor, a pipe, and the like, and provides the engine with medium-low pressure compressed air higher than one atmospheric pressure and lower than four atmospheric pressures, and the higher the output power of the same engine is, the higher the pressure of the compressed air provided by the supercharging system is. The specific embodiments of the supercharger part of the supercharging system are mainly three types: 1. the single mechanical supercharger has the defects of wasting more energy; 2. the mechanical supercharger and the exhaust gas turbocharger are used simultaneously, the mechanical supercharger mainly works at low power under the control of a sensor and an electronic control system ECU, and the mechanical supercharger makes up the deficiency of the supercharging capacity of the exhaust gas turbocharger at high power; 3. the mechanical supercharger and the exhaust gas turbocharger are integrated, specifically, a high-speed motor is added on the exhaust gas turbocharger, the volume of a booster turbine is increased, the booster turbine is driven by the motor at low power under the control of a sensor and an electronic control system ECU, the exhaust gas turbine is used for assisting, the booster turbine is driven by the exhaust gas turbine at high power, and the motor is used for assisting. The pressurized gas is supplied to the intake system through cooling by the radiator. The engine of the linear range-extending generator driven by the pre-supercharged exhaust-exchange free piston engine adopts free pistons (5), and generally comprises one or more groups of engines and generator parts, each group of engines and generators comprises two sets of cylinder bodies (6) with cylinder heads, the two sets of cylinder bodies (6) are oppositely arranged at two ends of a generator body, the multiple groups of engines adopt even numbers to ensure small vibration, and the pistons (5) in the two cylinders are connected together through piston connecting rods (12) to form a group of free pistons. During production, the central axes of cylinders where the two cylinder bodies (6), the internal pistons (5) and the piston connecting rods (12) are respectively arranged are overlapped, so that abnormal non-axial force is not generated during operation, and meanwhile, if the whole generator is transversely arranged, the acting force on the rotor in the electromagnetic acting force of the stator and the rotor in a static state is upward, the acting force is slightly smaller than the gravity of the whole rotor such as the piston connecting rods (12), the partial gravity of the rotor is overcome, and the running friction and the abrasion of a system are reduced. If the precision of the processing machine tool is high enough, a relative position fine adjustment mechanism at the connection part of the engine and the generator or between the generator stator (14) and the generator body can be omitted, and if the precision of the processing machine tool is not high enough, a relative position fine adjustment mechanism at the connection part of the engine and the generator or between the generator stator and the generator body in the range-extended generator is arranged. The position of an engine comprising a permanent magnet rotor relative to a stator of the generator is adjusted through a position fine adjustment mechanism, the axis of a central shaft of a cylinder where the rotor and the stator are located is not completely overlapped when the transverse generator is in a static state, a gap between the upper ends of the rotor and the stator is slightly small, the acting force direction of the electromagnetic acting force of the rotor and the stator on the rotor is upward, the acting force direction is slightly smaller than the gravity of the whole rotor such as a piston connecting rod, and the like, and meanwhile, the central shaft of the cylinder where two cylinder bodies, a piston inside the cylinder bodies and the piston connecting rod are located are the same line, the service life of the engine is prolonged, and the efficiency is improved. The generator in the linear range-extended generator in the figure is a cylindrical rare earth permanent magnet reciprocating linear generator. Is a two or four phase generator. The two-phase or four-phase generator is composed of two groups of tooth-socket-shaped cylindrical stators (14) with air passages around the silicon steel of the stators with the phase difference of 90 degrees and provided with stator coil windings and a rotor containing a group of uniformly distributed rare earth permanent magnets (13), the generator stators (14) are two groups of tooth-socket-shaped cylindrical magnet yoke stators (14) with the phase difference of 90 degrees and provided with the stator coil windings in a machine body, when an inlet valve is arranged on a piston, the periphery of the silicon steel of the generator stators is provided with air inlet passages, when the inlet valve is arranged on a cylinder head, the generator stators are provided with air passages which are used for preventing gas compression between the piston and the generator and are communicated with the space between the two pistons and the generator, the tooth-socket stators of the generator are parallel to the circular surface of the cylinder, and the circular-shaped stator coil windings are arranged in the circular-ring-shaped tooth sockets; and sensors such as Hall sensors and the like for detecting the speed and the acceleration of the rotor are arranged on the stator tooth grooves of the generator. The rotor mainly comprises a piston connecting rod (12) connected with the piston, a soft iron magnetic yoke coated outside the piston connecting rod, and a plurality of annular rare earth permanent magnets (13) sleeved outside the magnetic yoke at equal intervals, wherein the thickness and the interval of the annular permanent magnets (13) are the same as the pitch of the stator, the S pole and the N pole of each annular permanent magnet are in the inner direction and the outer direction, the interval of the inner polarity and the outer polarity of the magnet is in the opposite direction, namely if the outer circumference polarity of one permanent magnet is the S pole, the outer circumference polarity of the permanent magnet adjacent to the permanent magnet is the N pole. The induced voltage and current of adjacent coils of each group of stators are reversed, so that the leads are connected according to the voltage and current, and a two-phase or four-phase generator and a motor can be obtained by different connection methods. The phase difference between the two groups of stator cores is 90 degrees, which is shown in the position that if the teeth of one group of stator cores are in the same position with the permanent magnet of the rotor, the tooth slots (windings) of the other group of stator cores are in the same position with the permanent magnet of the rotor. The structure can be used as a two-phase or four-phase generator and a motor on one hand, and can also greatly reduce the acting force between the rotor and the stator on the other hand.
FIG. 2 is a cylinder-by-cylinder reciprocating (one cycle) engine valve timing diagram for a linear range-extending generator driven by a pre-charged free-piston engine with exhaust gas exchange. The air distribution system changes the opening and closing of an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve of the air distribution system from once per two circles to once per circle on the basis of the existing common four-stroke engine, the working frequency is doubled, the working time of the air inlet and the air outlet of the air distribution system is changed to be basically consistent, and the overlapping range of the common opening of the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve is much larger than the range of the single opening: when the power stroke OF the engine is close to the maximum stroke OF the piston in the stroke (OC position in the figure), the exhaust valve is opened, exhaust is started, the air pressure in the cylinder is close to the atmospheric pressure soon, the intake valve is also opened (OD position in the figure), air which is higher than the atmospheric pressure and comes from a pressurization system carries out flushing and air exchanging on the exhaust gas in the cylinder, most OF the exhaust gas is removed, then the exhaust valve is closed (OF position in the figure), and then the intake valve is closed (OG position in the figure). The closing time of the air intake and exhaust valve in the piston outward traveling process is different according to different purposes in design, if high efficiency is pursued, a low-pressure strong pressurization system can be adopted to match long-stroke air exchange and exhaust (the range of & lt EOF and & lt EOG in the figure is enlarged), the air intake and exhaust valve is closed when the piston outward traveling reaches more than 50% of the whole stroke, and if high boost power is pursued, a high-pressure strong pressurization system is adopted to match slightly shorter air exchange and exhaust stroke (the range of & lt EOF and & lt EOG in the figure is reduced). The air distribution system can also adopt a variable stroke air distribution system, and the variable stroke air distribution system and the pressurization system can switch the working state between high efficiency and high power within a certain range under the control of the control system. In order to improve the waste gas discharging efficiency, the shape and the stroke of the inlet valve are modified adaptively, the valve is changed to be small and sharp, and a flow guide block is added on one side of the air passage of the inlet valve, which is close to the center of the cylinder cover, so that compressed gas can be favorably flushed onto a piston at the bottom of the cylinder along the cylinder wall; in order to improve the exhaust efficiency, the other structure design is that the intake valve is transferred to the piston, and the intake and exhaust valves on the original cylinder cover are all used as exhaust valves or the part reserved is cancelled as the exhaust valve. In addition, the air inlet valve is changed into the electromagnetic air inlet valve, so that the switching of working conditions such as idling, high efficiency, high power and the like can be facilitated, if the air inlet valve is designed on the piston and adopts the electromagnetic air inlet valve, a coil and other power generation and communication control circuits are added on the connecting rod (12). On the basis of the existing common four-stroke engine, ignition and fuel supply are changed from one time of two circles to one time of one circle under the control of a control system, and heat dissipation is enhanced.
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power conditioning output portion of a linear range extending generator driven by a pre-charged scavenging free piston engine. The generator in the generator driven by the pre-supercharging exhaust-gas-changing free piston engine is also a reset and starting motor, and the engine is started again when compression ignition (ignition) fails to work occasionally during operation. The balance adjustment of the electric energy output comprises a normal rectifier switch output circuit, which is a main power output circuit and comprises a rectifier bridge, a protective tube and a capacitor C 2 Electronic switch tube G controlled by ECU 1 Diode G 2 Inductor L 1 Etc. electronic switch tube G controlled by ECU 1 Diode G 2 Inductor L 1 Form a step-down power supplyCircuit, diode G 2 The switching tube can be replaced, the normal-state power generation of the range-extended generator is regulated and output by the circuit, the balance regulation of the electric energy output also comprises DC to DC boost power regulation which is connected with the output circuit of the normal rectifier switch in parallel, the normal-state power generation of the range-extended generator is not started, and the piston can move to the most proper position (the most proper compression ratio) in each cycle through the balance regulation of oil supply and the electric energy output. The oil supply can only ensure relative accuracy, the change of the atomization explosion condition of the oil injection state can also cause different work doing each time, at the moment, the ECU calculates the speed and the acceleration of the moving part through sensors such as a Hall sensor on a stator, and the ECU calculates whether the piston can move to the most appropriate position or not by combining the battery pack and the electricity utilization condition: if the energy is just enough, the adjustment is not carried out; if the explosion power is insufficient, an electronic switch tube G controlled by the ECU is calculated according to a program 1 Quantitatively reducing the electrifying time of the output circuit part, reducing the output power and ensuring that the piston can move to the most appropriate position after correction; if the explosion power is abnormally exceeded, the ECU starts the DC to DC boost power regulation output circuit, calculates the voltage and current of the quantitative control DC to DC boost power regulation circuit part according to the program, increases the output power, and ensures that the piston can move to the most appropriate position after the correction; after adjustment, continuing to detect, calculate and adjust until the stroke is finished; therefore, each time of work is continuously calculated and regulated. The generator in the linear range-extending generator driven by the pre-supercharged exhaust-exchange free piston engine can be automatically switched into a starting state during operation: under the general condition, each cylinder of the engine can be normally exploded once in each period, and under the special condition, explosion failure is possible, the Hall sensor or other sensors on the stator of each stroke work ceaselessly, and the speed and the acceleration of the moving part are calculated through the ECU of the vehicle-mounted computer controller, so that whether the stroke which needs to be exploded is successfully exploded or not and whether abnormal friction or impact exists or not is judged, if the stroke which needs to be exploded is successfully exploded, the power output is immediately regulated through the speed and the acceleration of the moving part calculated through the ECU of the vehicle-mounted computer controller, the opposite piston is ensured to just move to a proper position, and if the stroke which needs to be exploded fails to be exploded, the opposite piston is ensured to just move to the proper positionThe generator is switched to the motor and the driving power is adjusted, the opposite pistons are guaranteed to move to proper positions, the controller records errors, if abnormal friction or impact exists, the controller records and displays problems, if the errors exceed a reasonable range, maintenance information is prompted, and if the errors exceed an allowable range, the engine is stopped and the maintenance information is prompted.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a portion of the operation of a linear range-extending generator driven by a pre-charged displacer free-piston engine. After starting the generator, the system firstly self-checks and detects the environmental temperature, air pressure, engine temperature and the like to match the most proper compression ratio for working, then resets the free piston of the engine, after the piston reaches the initial position, the fuel and lubricating oil pump is started and the mechanical pressurization is started to prepare for the running of the engine, the vehicle-mounted computer ECU automatically selects the compression ratio, the oil injection ignition angle and the like which are suitable for the current condition according to the current environment, the cold and hot machine condition of the machine, whether the fuel is added, the environment and the compression ratio of the previous working and the oil injection ignition angle according to the program, the generator variable-body motor is started, the vehicle-mounted computer ECU automatically adjusts the starting voltage current and frequency according to the sensor to ensure that the piston moves to the proper position, after the normal starting, the ECU calculates the speed and the acceleration of the moving part through the Hall sensor and the like on the stator, combining the battery pack and the power consumption condition, the ECU calculates whether the piston can move to the most appropriate position, the power regulating output part circuit quantitatively outputs electric energy, simultaneously reasonably adjusts the fuel supply according to the power requirement of the electric appliance, automatically controls the fuel supply and the electric energy output according to programs through a piezoelectric knock sensor and a controller, automatically selects the current fuel, the current external environment, the current engine condition and the optimal compression ratio which can be reached by the optimal advanced oil injection compression ignition or ignition angle and the engine condition according to the programs, preferentially adopts direct injection compression ignition and lean combustion, continuously collects and analyzes the knock signal of the piezoelectric knock sensor by the controller, if no knock exists in a small time, the compression ratio is increased according to the programs under the condition that the optimal advanced oil injection compression ignition or advanced oil injection ignition angle exists in the current working condition, if the knock exists in the small time but exceeds the reasonable range, the compression ratio is reduced according to the program under the condition of the best advanced fuel injection compression ignition or advanced fuel injection ignition angle under the current working condition until the engine keeps slight knocking, so that the difficult problem that the gasoline compression ignition is difficult to wait is solved smoothly, the highest compression ratio under the current fuel in the current environment is realized, and the engine has higher efficiency. And after the machine is stopped, the vehicle-mounted computer ECU judges whether the lubricating oil of the piston part is replaced according to the running time and the lubricating condition according to the program. Oil replacement of piston part: when the engine is stopped, the piston at one end is positioned and reset under the control of a program, then a normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve on an oil inlet interface on the cylinder block, a normally closed oil outlet two-position three-way control valve on an oil outlet interface on the cylinder block (at this time, a part of a lubricating oil path of the cylinder cover is correspondingly closed) and an oil pump are opened, lubricating oil is replaced for the lubricating part of the piston, and then the piston at the other end is positioned, reset and replaced with the lubricating oil; when the engine works, the normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve on the oil inlet and outlet interface on the cylinder body is not electrified (a part of lubricating oil paths of the cylinder cover are correspondingly opened), and the oil pump pumps lubricating oil of the traditional lubricating and heat dissipating part of the valve of the cylinder cover for oil circulation.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a lubrication system piston portion of an engine in a straight-line range-extending generator driven by a pre-charged vented free piston engine. The lubrication system for an engine in a linear range-extending generator driven by a pre-charged displacer free piston engine includes piston part circulation lubrication (with the intake valve on the piston and also the valve part on the piston) and cylinder head part lubrication. The cylinder head portion is lubricated and heat dissipated in a conventional manner. One design for lubricating the piston and the upper valve part of the piston comprises a lubricating oil tank, an oil filter, an oil inlet pipe, an oil inlet interface and a normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve on the cylinder body, self-circulation lubrication of the piston and the upper valve part of the piston (when an inlet valve is arranged on the piston), an oil outlet interface and a normally closed oil outlet two-position three-way control valve on the cylinder body, an oil outlet pipe, an oil pump and an oil return pipe. The self-circulation lubrication of the piston and the valve part on the piston consists of a lubricating oil groove on the piston, lubricating oil guide pipes or oil holes which are symmetrically arranged, oil guide holes or oil guide pipes on a piston handle, lubrication of the valve on the piston and an acceleration self-driving self-circulation pump with inertia density difference. The inertia density difference acceleration self-driven self-circulation pump is formed by placing a cylinder or a round ball in a circular tube, the cylinder or the round ball is placed in a piston connecting rod or is placed on the piston connecting rod externally, when the piston reciprocates, the cylinder or the round ball lags behind the acceleration motion of the piston when the cylinder or the round ball does the acceleration motion due to the fact that the density of the cylinder or the round ball is different from that of lubricating oil, and therefore the lubricating oil is driven to do the reciprocating motion; when the air inlet valve is on the piston, the inlet and outlet lubricating oil of the valve on the piston is connected to the oil guide hole on the piston connecting rod as branch.
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an intake valve in the middle of a piston of a straight-line range-increasing generator driven by a pre-charged exhaust-free piston engine; FIG. 8 is a schematic of the intake valve of a linear range-increasing generator driven by a pre-charged displacer free piston engine around the piston. The inlet valve position may be provided on the cylinder head or on the piston. The intake valve is arranged on the cylinder head, the mechanism is relatively simple, the air exchange efficiency is slightly low, the cost is low, the valve on the cylinder cover is driven by hydraulic drive or pull rod drive (similar to ejector rod drive) or electromagnetic drive or electro-hydraulic hybrid drive, on the basis of the existing ordinary four-stroke engine air distribution system, the two-time opening and closing of the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the air distribution system is changed into the one-time opening and closing of the piston, the working time of air intake and exhaust of the air distribution system is changed to be basically consistent, and the overlapping range of the common opening of the intake valve and the exhaust valve is much larger than the range of single opening. When the air inlet valve is arranged on the piston, the efficiency is high, the cost is high, the appearance of the air valve is in the traditional shape or annular shape, the single air valve is arranged in the center of the piston, the multiple air valves are symmetrically arranged on the piston in a balanced manner, and hydraulic drive or limit mechanical drive or electromagnetic drive or mechanical and electromagnetic hybrid drive is adopted. The position of the air inlet valve is also well arranged on the cylinder head, the air inlet valve is also well arranged on the piston, the same is also true, when the working stroke of one cylinder of the engine is close to an inner dead point (which is equivalent to a bottom dead point) of the inner stroke (which is equivalent to a downward stroke) of the piston, the air outlet valve is opened, the air exhaust is started, the air pressure in the cylinder is quickly close to the atmospheric pressure, at the moment, the air inlet valve is also opened, the middle and low pressure compressed air which is higher than the atmospheric pressure and is cooled by a whole-course pressurization system is used for quickly flushing and ventilating the waste gas in the cylinder, most of the waste gas is eliminated, then, the air outlet valve is closed, the air inlet valve is closed immediately after the air inlet is finished, the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are closed in the upward process of the piston and the pressure change of the whole-course pressurization system to play the role of a throttle valve, then the compression, the oil injection and the ignition of the gasoline engine do work.
Fig. 9 and 10 show that the difficulty of heat dissipation of the piston is increased due to the difference in structure, in order to solve this problem, a heat insulating layer may be added on the combustion chamber side at the top end of the piston, in order to prevent the heat insulating layer from falling off in a severe environment, a trapezoidal small anti-falling concentric ring groove or linear groove or a well-shaped groove is formed on the piston, the heat insulating layer is partially embedded in the trapezoidal groove, which is equivalent to riveting the heat insulating layer on the piston, an anti-falling heat insulating layer may also be added on the combustion chamber side of the cone at the top end of the valve group, and an anti-falling heat insulating layer may also be added on the combustion chamber side at the non-contact position of movement such as the cylinder head, and the efficiency is improved by reducing the heat dissipation correspondence.
In addition, the displacement of the engine in a linear range-increasing generator driven by a pre-supercharged exhaust-free piston engine is fixed or variable: for equipment with less change of power demand, the engine displacement is fixed; for equipment with large power demand change, such as trucks and the like, power can be adjusted by starting and stopping a plurality of groups of engines and generators, and a variable displacement engine can be adopted.
The ratio of the height to the diameter of an engine cylinder body cylinder in a linear range-increasing generator driven by a pre-supercharging exhaust-changing free piston engine is larger than that of an existing four-stroke cylinder body, so that the free piston stroke is increased, the working compression stroke ratio is increased, and the efficiency is improved.
In order to reduce vibration, a linear range-extended generator driven by a pre-supercharged exhaust-gas-exchange free piston engine is generally combined by two groups or four groups, and the linear range-extended generator is controlled to reversely run by a program. If a group is used independently, in order to reduce vibration, the moving directions of the piston and the motor mover can be changed by a reversing mechanism such as hydraulic pressure or gears, so that the piston and the motor mover run in opposite directions, and the masses of the piston and the motor mover are controlled to be close to or equal to each other (figure 3).

Claims (1)

1. The linear range-extending generator driven by the pre-supercharging exhaust-gas-changing free piston engine consists of an engine and a generator, and is characterized in that: wherein, the engine is provided with a whole-course supercharging system; the whole-course supercharging system mainly comprises a supercharger, a radiator and a sensor, wherein the supercharger is a supercharger used simultaneously or integrated by a mechanical supercharger and an exhaust gas turbocharger; the engine comprises two sets of cylinder bodies with cylinder covers, wherein the two sets of cylinder bodies are oppositely arranged on a generator body, pistons of the two cylinders are connected together through a piston connecting rod to form a group of free pistons, a whole-process pressurization system is used for providing middle and low pressure compressed air for flushing and discharging waste gas and completing air intake for the engine, the compressed air flushes and exhausts the waste gas in the cylinders through an intake valve and completes air intake, and then fuel is compressed, injected, compression ignited or ignited and does work; wherein, under the control of the control system, each cylinder does work once when the piston of the engine reciprocates once; the lubricating system of the engine comprises an internal lubricating part of a piston part and lubrication of a cylinder head part, wherein the lubrication of the piston part comprises a lubricating oil tank, an oil filter, an oil inlet pipe, an oil inlet port and a normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve on an air cylinder body, self-circulation lubrication of the piston part, an oil outlet port and a normally closed oil outlet two-position three-way control valve on the air cylinder body, an oil outlet pipe, an oil pump and an oil return pipe; the self-driven self-circulating pump with the inertia density difference acceleration is formed by putting a cylinder or a round ball in a circular tube, when a piston reciprocates, the cylinder or the round ball lags behind the acceleration motion of the piston when the cylinder or the round ball does the acceleration motion due to the fact that the density of the cylinder or the round ball is different from that of lubricating oil, and therefore the lubricating oil is driven to reciprocate; engine piston partThe internal lubrication portion of (2) replaces the lubricating oil of the internal lubrication portion when the engine is stopped: when the engine is stopped, the generator transformer motor is positioned and reset on a piston at one end under the control of a program, then a normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve on an oil inlet interface on the cylinder body, a normally closed oil outlet two-position three-way control valve on an oil outlet interface on the cylinder body and an oil pump are opened, lubricating oil is replaced on the internal lubrication part, and then the piston at the other end is positioned, reset and replaced with the lubricating oil; when the engine works, the normally closed oil inlet two-position three-way control valve on the oil inlet interface on the cylinder body is not electrified, and the oil pump pumps lubricating oil on the valve part of the cylinder cover to circulate the oil; the generator is a cylindrical rare earth permanent magnet reciprocating linear generator which consists of a rotor formed by a group of rare earth permanent magnets uniformly distributed on a free piston connecting rod and two groups of tooth-slot-shaped cylindrical magnet yoke stators with air passages on the periphery of stator silicon steel with the phase difference of 90 degrees, wherein the stator tooth slot of the generator is parallel to the circular surface of the cylinder, the annular stator coil windings are arranged in the annular tooth slot, and the air passages through which air passes are arranged on the periphery of the stator silicon steel; the rotor mainly comprises a piston connecting rod connected with a piston, a soft iron magnetic yoke coated outside the piston connecting rod and a plurality of annular rare earth permanent magnets sleeved outside the magnetic yoke at equal intervals, the thickness and the interval of the annular permanent magnets are the same as the pitch of the stator, the polarity of the S pole and the N pole of the annular permanent magnet is in the inward direction and the outward direction, and the interval of the polarity of the inside and the outside of the magnet is in the reverse direction; the generator is also a reset and starting motor at the same time, and is a driving motor when the engine is occasionally subjected to compression ignition or ignition and does work failure in operation; wherein the compression ratio of the engine is variable: the fuel supply and the electric energy output are automatically controlled according to programs through a piezoelectric knock sensor, an ECU (electronic control unit) of a vehicle-mounted computer controller and a power regulation output part circuit, and the current fuel, the current external environment, the current engine condition, the best compression ratio which can be reached by the best advanced fuel injection compression ignition or ignition angle and the engine condition are automatically selected according to the programs, so that the engine keeps slight knocking; the electric energy output of the generator is controlled balance adjustment output, the balance adjustment of the electric energy output comprises a normal rectifier switch output circuit and a DC to DC boost power adjustment circuit which are connected in parallel, and the balance adjustment of oil supply and the electric energy output ensures that each cycle of the piston can move to the most appropriate valueThe normal rectifier switch output circuit is an electric energy power output circuit when the range-extended generator normally works and comprises a rectifier bridge, a protective tube and a capacitor C 2 Electronic switch tube G controlled by ECU 1 Diode G 2 An inductor L 1 When the range-extended generator generates electricity in a normal state, the DC to DC boost power regulating circuit is not started; the vehicle-mounted computer controller ECU repeats the following processes all the time: the speed and acceleration of the moving part are calculated by the ECU of the vehicle-mounted computer controller through the sensor on the stator, and the ECU calculates according to the program and simultaneously controls the electronic switch tube G according to the calculation result by combining the battery pack and the electricity utilization condition 1 Quantitatively adjusting the proportion of the electrifying time of the output circuit part, adjusting the output power and ensuring that the opposite pistons can theoretically move to the position with the most appropriate compression ratio after adjustment; when the range-extended generator is abnormally exploded, the ECU starts the DC to DC boosting power regulation output circuit, and calculates and quantificationally controls the voltage and the current of the DC to DC boosting power regulation circuit part according to a program to ensure that the piston can move to the position with the most proper compression ratio after being corrected; wherein, the generator can be switched into the starting condition automatically in operation: the Hall sensor on each stroke stator works ceaselessly, and the ECU of the vehicle-mounted computer controller calculates the speed and the acceleration of the moving part, so as to judge whether the stroke which needs to be exploded is successful or not, when the explosion is failed, the generator is switched into the motor and adjusts the driving power, the opposite pistons move to the position with the most proper compression ratio, and the controller records errors; wherein, the straight line increases journey generator and adopts single group engine and generator or multiunit engine and generator, and wherein, the discharge capacity of engine is fixed or changeable: the variable displacement is realized by synchronously changing the position of the cylinder body relative to the generator part by using a motor and increasing or decreasing the cylinder body relative to the generator part, so that the movement stroke of the piston in the cylinder body is changed, and the displacement of the engine is changed; in order to reduce vibration, the multi-group engines and generators are generally combined by two groups or four groups, the rotor of the generator is directly arranged on the connecting rod of the piston, and when one group is used independently, the rotor of the generator is directly arranged on the connecting rod of the piston or is reversed by a hydraulic or gear reversing mechanismAnd changing the motion direction of the piston and the mover of the engine, allowing the free piston and the mover to run in opposite directions, and controlling the mass of the free piston and the mass of the mover to be close to or equal to each other.
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CN111706398B (en) * 2020-07-31 2024-04-09 中南大学 High expansion ratio horizontal opposed piston type expander and control method
CN112963238B (en) * 2021-02-26 2022-02-15 华中科技大学 Adiabatic internal combustion engine combustion system based on adiabatic combustion chamber and Miller cycle
CN113047949B (en) * 2021-03-12 2021-09-21 哈尔滨工程大学 Split-cylinder free piston generator based on PID closed-loop control

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