CN111363930B - Method for quickly melting furnace accretion of top-blown furnace - Google Patents
Method for quickly melting furnace accretion of top-blown furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for rapidly melting furnace accretions of a top-blown furnace is characterized in that a diesel burner (2) is inserted into the top-blown furnace (1), the temperature of a hearth is raised by burning diesel, lump coal is continuously conveyed into the furnace, combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air is supplemented by a spray gun (7), the diesel and the lump coal are simultaneously burnt to release high heat to raise the temperature of the hearth, and a liquid molten pool is formed after the surface layer of the furnace accretions is melted; then raising the temperature of the top of the hearth to 1300-1350 ℃, turning off the diesel burner, inserting the spray gun into the liquid molten pool, stirring the molten pool and fully burning lump coal, removing the hidden danger of CO in the flue gas, then starting the diesel burner, supporting the CO in the lump coal and the flue gas, and continuously melting accretions; and then, low-grade granular copper matte is put into the furnace, high heat is released, the molten pool is stirred to quickly melt furnace accretions, and when the furnace accretions in the area of the slag discharge port of the top-blown furnace are completely melted, liquid melt is discharged from the slag discharge port until the fault removal of the furnace accretions is completed. The invention can quickly and safely melt the high-melting-point accretion and improve the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to a method for quickly melting a copper smelting top-blown furnace accretion so as to eliminate a dead furnace fault.
Background
The top-blown converter has the advantages of simple furnace body structure, high operation flexibility and strong adaptability to complex material treatment, and is widely applied to industrial production, in particular to the smelting treatment of complex copper concentrate materials. However, when copper concentrate materials with complex components and large fluctuation range of each impurity component are treated and auxiliary facilities break down, the over oxidation of high-temperature melt in the top-blown furnace is very easy to occur, so that accretions are generated, a large amount of high-melting-point accretions are quickly generated in a short time, the furnace failure is directly caused, and the normal production of the top-blown furnace is difficult to maintain. It is extremely harsh that if not discovered and effectively controlled in time, serious "foamy slag" accidents will also occur, which will directly affect production and cause serious economic losses and even personal injury.
In the normal smelting production process, a small amount of high-melting-point melt is inevitably generated, but the production structure is not influenced. Once a large amount of peroxide high-melting-point melt is rapidly generated in a short time, the peroxide high-melting-point melt is rapidly solidified into a furnace nodule along with the heat transfer difference and low temperature of a local area of smelting equipment, and the effective working space in the smelting equipment is occupied after the thickness of the furnace nodule exceeds a certain limit value, so that the normal production is influenced. In addition, when the auxiliary system breaks down, the heat preservation effect of the hearth is poor, and accretions are generated due to slag hardening. In the case of emergency furnace shutdown or furnace shutdown for maintenance and emptying of a molten pool, if the molten pool in the furnace cannot be emptied and drained completely, namely too much melt remains, when production is resumed, the furnace needs to be dried again to be heated, and accretions are melted.
Once accretion occurs in the furnace, the accretion is melted as soon as necessary to perform smelting operation. According to the different thickness of the furnace accretion, different melting treatment modes are required. The smelting equipment has different structures, and the mode of treating accretions also has obvious difference. The method can melt the thin furnace accretion by directly using substances such as oil, natural gas, coal and the like and generating high temperature through combustion, but the method can not further eliminate the melting deep furnace accretion because the liquid high-temperature melt is generated after the surface of the furnace accretion is melted when the thickness of the furnace accretion exceeds a certain limit value and the melt has poor heat conductivity. The method of adding acid or alkaline fluxing agent to melt furnace accretion directly has the disadvantage that the acid or alkaline fluxing agent not only melts furnace accretion, but also reacts with refractory material of furnace wall to accelerate the loss of refractory material of furnace wall, thus having certain harm to furnace body. There is also a method of removing slag using crushed iron powder, which has a good effect but has disadvantages of consuming iron resources and increasing the amount of slag. The method for eliminating accretions by using copper sulfide concentrate and other similar materials needs the participation of silica flux, not only produces a large amount of new slag, but also can only act on the surface of a molten pool due to lighter specific gravity and less effective components of the copper sulfide concentrate, has less reaction for eliminating accretions at the bottom of the molten pool, and leads to long time consumption and low efficiency for eliminating accretions. In addition, there is a method of reducing and eliminating accretions by using coke, lump coal or the like, and in spite of direct scattering of coke, lump coal or the like from the furnace top or injection into the molten bath, since reducing substances such as coke, lump coal or the like float on the surface of the molten bath due to their lower specific gravity than the melt, there is little possibility of actually coming into reduction contact with accretions, and there is little possibility of effective reduction.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for quickly melting a furnace knot of a top-blown furnace, so that the furnace knot can be quickly and efficiently eliminated, the dead furnace fault can be eliminated, the production efficiency can be improved, and the ineffective consumption of energy substances can be reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for quickly melting a furnace junction of a top-blown furnace comprises the following steps:
A. initial melting accretion: after a large amount of high-melting-point furnace accretions are generated in the top-blown furnace (1), inserting the diesel burner (2) into the hearth from a burner hole at the top of the top-blown furnace, wherein the depth of the diesel burner is 5000mm, igniting the diesel burner by using waste heat in the furnace, and raising the temperature of the hearth by using high heat released by combustion of diesel; after the temperature of the top of the hearth is raised to be more than 1100 ℃, block coal is continuously conveyed from a feeding port (6) on the top of the hearth to enter the hearth by using a feeding system (3), combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air is supplemented for the combustion of the block coal by using a spray gun (7) inserted from the top of the hearth, and under the addition of heat generated by the simultaneous combustion of diesel oil and the block coal, high heat is released to raise the temperature of the hearth, so that a liquid molten pool with the height of 300mm is formed after the surface layer of a accretion of the hearth is melted;
the main chemical reaction of the process is as follows:
C+O2＝CO2 △H(Standard conditions)＝-393.5kJ/mol；
2C+O2＝2CO △H(Standard conditions)＝-126.4kJ/mol；
2CO+O2＝2CO2 △H(Standard conditions)＝-283kJ/mol。
B. Removing hidden troubles of CO: inserting a detection rod (9) into the hearth from the furnace top, raising the temperature of the top of the hearth to 1300-1350 ℃ when the detection rod detects that the surface layer of the accretion is molten to form a liquid molten pool with the height of about 300mm, closing the diesel burner (2), and raising the diesel burner to the depth of 1000-2000 mm of the furnace top for later use; rapidly descending a spray head of a spray gun (7), inserting the spray head into a liquid molten pool, stirring the molten pool by using oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting air provided by the spray gun, burning lump coal which is not fully combusted in the molten pool, further eliminating the hidden danger of CO in flue gas, then starting a diesel burner (2) to provide secondary combustion air, burning the lump coal which is not completely combusted in a combustion-supporting hearth and CO in the flue gas, and releasing high-temperature heat to continuously melt accretions;
the main chemical reaction of the process is as follows:
2CO+O2＝2CO2 △H(Standard conditions)＝-283kJ/mol；
The hidden danger of CO is eliminated, the problem of insufficient supplement of secondary combustion air in daily production operation can be solved, C, CO, S and other elements entering the flue gas are fully oxidized, and the risk of explosion caused by deflagration of combustible gas is reduced;
C. fast melting furnace accretion: after CO hidden danger in flue gas is eliminated, measuring and calculating the thickness of furnace accretions, when the thickness of the remaining furnace accretions is larger than or equal to 800mm, feeding low-grade granular copper matte from a feeding port (6) under the condition of micro oxygen enrichment, taking lump coal and the low-grade granular copper matte to be used together to complete the joint reaction heat addition of the lump coal and the low-grade granular copper matte, performing quick interaction reaction with the furnace accretions to release heat, releasing high heat, stirring a molten pool to quickly melt the furnace accretions, after the furnace accretions in the area of a furnace slag discharge port (12) of a top-blown furnace are completely melted and simultaneously forming liquid melt 500-1000 mm higher than the position of the furnace slag discharge port (12), burning the furnace slag discharge port (12), continuously discharging the liquid melt to the outside of a furnace body (1), and reducing the liquid level of the molten pool to the position of the furnace slag discharge port (12);
the process realizes the combustion heat release of lump coal, the lump coal and the low-grade granular copper matte combine to rapidly reduce the magnetic iron, the interaction reaction of the low-grade granular copper matte reduction furnace accretion also occurs, the generated metal copper can also accelerate the high-temperature heat conduction in the molten pool and the melting of the furnace accretion. The main chemical reaction of the process is as follows:
C+O2＝CO2 △H(298K)＝-393.5kJ/mol；
2C+O2＝2CO △H(298K)＝-126.4kJ/mol；
2CO+O2＝2CO2 △H(298K)＝-283kJ/mol；
3Fe3O4+FeS＝10FeO+SO2 △H(298K)＝-444.23kJ/mol；
Fe3O4+Cu2S+O2＝3FeO+Cu2O+SO2 △H(298K)＝-83.53kJ/mol；
2Fe3O4+C＝6FeO+CO2 △H(298K)＝-377.11kJ/mol；
Cu2S+O2＝Cu2O+SO2 △H(298K)＝-385.93kJ/mol；
Cu2S+2Cu2O＝6Cu+SO2 △H(298K)＝+96.2kJ/mol；
FeS+O2＝FeO+SO2 △H(298K)＝-468.83kJ/mol；
2FeO+SiO2＝2FeO·SiO2(FeO with free SiO2Slagging reaction);
the chemical reaction involved in the process except copper-making reaction delta H(298K)At +96.2kJ/mol, with a small endotherm, and the rest of the reaction Δ H<0, both are exothermic, FeO formed by the reaction and SiO in free form2Slagging and quick sintering of the melting furnace. The process solves the problems that the heating efficiency of the lump coal and diesel oil burner in the prior art is low and the high-melting-point furnace accretion cannot be quickly melted, improves the efficiency of eliminating the dead furnace accretion, can also be used for heating the oven, solves the problems that the temperature of the oven does not meet the requirement and the oven is not uniform and not thorough, improves the production efficiency and saves the smelting energy consumption;
D. safely melting the remaining accretions: and (3) keeping the air of the spray gun (7) to stir the molten pool, stopping adding the low-grade granular copper matte when detecting that the thickness of the residual accretion is less than 800mm, adjusting the lump coal conveying speed of the feeding system and the air control coefficient of the spray gun, and after the detection rod (9) measures that the thickness of the residual accretion is less than or equal to 100mm, finishing the fault removal of the accretion and recovering the normal production of the top-blown furnace.
The main chemical reaction of the process is as follows:
C+O2＝CO2 △H(Standard conditions)＝-393.5kJ/mol；
2C+O2＝2CO △H(Standard conditions)＝-126.4kJ/mol；
2CO+O2＝2CO2 △H(Standard conditions)＝-283kJ/mol；
3Fe3O4+FeS＝10FeO+SO2 △H(298K)＝-444.23kJ/mol；
Fe3O4+Cu2S+O2＝3FeO+Cu2O+SO2 △H(298K)＝-83.53kJ/mol；
2FeO+SiO2＝2FeO·SiO2(FeO with free SiO2Slagging reaction);
and after the accretion thickness is less than 800mm, stopping adding the low-grade granular copper matte, slightly slowing the reduction speed of the accretion, only using lump coal to safely melt the rest accretion, continuously stirring the molten pool by using a spray gun, fully stirring the low-grade granular copper matte which is not completely reacted in the molten pool, continuously reducing the accretion, burning the lump coal to release sufficient heat, and ensuring that the heat required by the reduction of the magnetic iron is provided.
Further, the initial melting accretion in the step A is to adjust the oil consumption of the diesel burner (2) to 600-800 kg/h and control the furnace pressure to-5 Pa to +10 Pa; the diesel oil is 0# national standard diesel oil; the lump coal is anthracite with the fixed carbon content of more than or equal to 68 percent, the particle size of the lump coal is 5-15 mm, the conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled at 2-4 t/h, and the fuel coefficient of the lump coal is 6600-7500 Nm3T, the fuel surplus coefficient is 100-120%; the lance is inserted into the hearth by 2/3 depth, and the concentration of combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air distributed from the lance (7) is 26-43%.
Further, the step B of restarting the diesel burner (2) to provide secondary combustion air in the process of eliminating the hidden CO trouble is to supplement 2000-8000 Nm of secondary combustion air to the diesel burner (2)3H, controlling the content of CO in the flue gas to be less than or equal to 500ppm in the whole process; after the spray gun (7) is inserted into the liquid molten pool, the pressure of the end (8) of the spray gun is controlled to be 50-70 kPa, and the furnace pressure is kept to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa.
Further, lump coal added into the furnace at the early stage cannot be completely combusted, a spray head of a spray gun (7) is inserted into the liquid molten pool to stir the molten pool and then generate a large amount of CO gas, when the concentration of CO in flue gas is greater than 2000ppm, lump coal supply is stopped immediately, oxygen-enriched supply of the spray gun (7) is suspended, the spray gun only supplies air at the moment, a diesel burner (2) also supplies combustion-supporting air at the same time, the lump coal which is not completely combusted in a combustion-supporting hearth and CO in the flue gas are melted by releasing heat, after the concentration of the CO gas is reduced to 500ppm, the hidden danger of CO is eliminated, the next operation is carried out, and the diesel burner is stopped.
Further, the low-grade particle copper matte obtained in the step C contains, by mass, 30-50% of Cu, 20-28% of S, 10-16% of Fe and has a particle size of less than or equal to 5 mm; the feeding speed of the low-grade granular copper matte is controlled to be 20-30 t/h, the conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled to be 2-5 t/h, the copper matte and the lump coal are continuously added for 20-60 min, and the air volume of a spray gun is controlled to be 8000-14000 Nm3And h, controlling the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun to be 21-30%, controlling the speed of the air of the spray gun to be 10-30 mm/min, detecting the thickness of the accretion and the depth of the liquid molten pool by a detection rod (9) every 5min, keeping the distance between a spray head of the spray gun and the accretion at 200-400 mm, and controlling the furnace pressure to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa.
And D, adjusting the lump coal conveying speed and the air control coefficient of the spray gun of the feeding system, controlling the lump coal conveying speed to be 3-5 t/h, and adjusting the air control coefficient of the spray gun to be 7000-9000 Nm of the lump coal fuel coefficient3The fuel surplus coefficient is 100-120%, and the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun is controlled to be 26-35%; the lump coal oxygen-enriched air is continuously reduced for 45-60 min, the speed of the lance (7) falling is controlled to be 10-12 mm/min, the thickness of the accretion and the depth of the liquid molten pool are detected by the detecting rod (9) every 5min, and the distance between the nozzle of the lance and the accretion is kept to be 100-200 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) under the addition of heat generated by the simultaneous combustion of diesel oil and lump coal, the early-stage accretion is quickly melted, after a liquid molten pool of about 300mm is formed, molten pool conditions are provided for the subsequent air stirring of a spray gun, the mass transfer efficiency of the heat release of the reaction of copper and sulfur and lump coal is increased, and the deep melting accretion is accelerated.
(2) The hidden danger of CO is eliminated, the suspended granular coal and CO in the flue gas in the combustion-supporting hearth are fully supported, the high-temperature heat is released, the temperature of a molten pool is further increased, the hidden danger of CO explosion is eliminated, and accretion is melted.
(3) The combined reaction heat addition of lump coal and low-grade particle copper matte combustion is completed under the oxygen-enriched condition, comprehensive, rapid, efficient and low-cost melting deep accretion can be realized, the interactive reaction of the low-grade particle copper matte reduction accretion can be realized, the generated metal copper can accelerate the high-temperature heat conduction in the molten pool, and the melting of the accretion can be accelerated.
(4) And when the thickness of the residual accretion is less than 800mm, stopping adding the low-grade particle copper matte, adopting oxygen-enriched air to support combustion of lump coal to melt the accretion, controlling the melting speed of the accretion in the later period, and preventing the accretion in the later period from being melted too fast to damage a refractory brick at the bottom of the furnace.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the process of the present invention as applied to a top-blown furnace.
The reference numbers in the figures are: the method comprises the following steps of 12 top blowing furnace, 2-diesel burner, 3-feeding system, 4-coal bunker, 5-low-grade particle copper matte bunker, 6-charging opening, 7-spray gun, 8-pressure measuring device, 9-detecting rod, 10-flue, 11-temperature measuring and CO concentration measuring device and 12-slag discharge opening.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained by the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Taking a process of converting blister copper by a phi 5 x 16m top-blown furnace as an example, high-melting-point accretions of nearly 2000mm are generated in the top-blown furnace due to process faults, the content of magnetic iron of the accretions is up to 45%, and the height of a slag discharge port of the top-blown furnace is 1500 mm.
The method for rapidly melting the furnace accretion of the top-blown furnace comprises the following specific steps:
A. initial melting accretion: after the top-blown converter 1 is found to be dead and generate a large amount of high-melting-point accretions, the diesel oil is addedThe burner 2 is inserted into the hearth from a burner hole at the top of the furnace, the depth of the inserted burner (namely the depth of the spray gun from the top of the top-blown furnace to the lower part of the top-blown furnace to go deep into the hearth) is 5000mm, the diesel burner 2 is ignited by utilizing the residual heat in the furnace, the temperature of the hearth is raised by utilizing the high heat emitted by the combustion of the diesel, the oil consumption of the diesel burner 2 is adjusted to 800kg/h, the diesel fuel coefficient is 15Nm3The fuel surplus coefficient is 120 percent, and the furnace pressure is controlled to be-5 Pa to +10 Pa; the diesel oil is 0# national standard diesel oil; after the temperature of the top of the hearth is raised to be more than 1100 ℃, lump coal in a lump coal bin 4 is accurately conveyed into the furnace from a furnace top feed inlet 6 by using a feeding system 3, the conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled to be 4t/h, and the fuel coefficient of the lump coal is 7500Nm3The fuel surplus coefficient is 100%, the lump coal is anthracite with the fixed carbon content being more than or equal to 68%, and the particle size of the lump coal is 5-15 mm; the spray gun 7 is inserted into a hearth from the top of the furnace by 2/3 depths, namely 10.6m gun position depth, the concentration of combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air matched from the spray gun 7 is 40 percent, sufficient combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air is supplemented for lump coal combustion, and under the addition of heat generated by simultaneous combustion of diesel oil and lump coal, high heat is released to raise the temperature of the hearth, so that a liquid molten pool with the height of about 300mm is formed after the surface layer of a furnace junction is melted;
B. removing hidden troubles of CO: inserting a detection rod 9 into the hearth from the top of the furnace, raising the temperature of the top of the hearth to 1350 ℃ when the detection rod detects that the surface layer of the accretion is molten to form a liquid molten pool with the height of about 300mm, closing the diesel burner 2, and raising the diesel burner 2 to the top depth of the furnace (namely the depth of the diesel burner from the top of a top-blown furnace to the lower part of the diesel burner to extend into the hearth) of 1000mm for later use; rapidly descending a spray gun nozzle, inserting the spray gun nozzle into the liquid molten pool, stirring the molten pool by using oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting air provided by the spray gun, and burning lump coal which is not fully combusted in the molten pool; further, the hidden trouble of CO in the flue gas is eliminated, and the diesel burner 2 is started to provide 4000Nm secondary combustion air3H, releasing high-temperature heat to continuously melt accretions in lump coal and CO in flue gas which are not completely combusted in the combustion-supporting hearth; the CO content in the flue gas is controlled to be less than or equal to 500ppm in the whole process. The temperature and CO concentration measuring device 11 inserted from the top of the furnace top hearth and positioned at the inlet of the flue 10 can detect the CO content in the flue gas in real time. After the spray gun 7 is inserted into the liquid molten pool, the pressure of the end of the spray gun is controlled to be 50kPa by a pressure measuring device 8 of the end of the spray gun, and the furnace pressure is kept between-5 Pa and-10 Pa.Lump coal added into the furnace at the earlier stage can not be completely combusted, a large amount of CO gas is generated after a molten pool is stirred, potential safety hazards exist, when the concentration of CO in flue gas is larger than 2000ppm, lump coal supply is stopped immediately, oxygen enrichment supply of a spray gun 7 is stopped temporarily, only air is supplied by the spray gun at the moment, and combustion air is also supplied to a diesel burner 2 at the same time. Air supplied by the spray gun and air supplied by the diesel burner enter the uptake flue along the furnace top and can quickly react with CO in the flue gas, so that the hidden danger of CO is quickly and effectively eliminated. CO in the incompletely combusted lump coal and flue gas in the combustion-supporting hearth is released to melt accretions, and after the concentration of CO gas is reduced to 500ppm, namely the potential CO hazard is eliminated completely, the next operation can be carried out, and the diesel burner 2 is stopped;
C. fast melting furnace accretion: and (3) after CO hidden troubles in the flue gas are eliminated, measuring and calculating the thickness of furnace accretions, when the thickness of the remaining furnace accretions is more than or equal to 800mm, putting the low-grade granular copper matte in the low-grade granular copper matte bin 5 into the low-grade granular copper matte from the feed inlet 6 under the condition of micro oxygen enrichment, using lump coal and the low-grade granular copper matte to be used together to complete the addition of the joint reaction heat of the lump coal and the low-grade granular copper matte, carrying out quick interactive reaction with the furnace accretions to release heat, releasing high heat and stirring a molten pool to quickly melt the furnace accretions. The low-grade granular copper matte contains 30% of Cu, 28% of S and 10% of Fe by mass, and the granularity is less than or equal to 5 mm; the material speed of the copper matte is controlled at 30t/h, the conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled at 5t/h, the copper matte and the lump coal are continuously added for 30min, and the air volume of the spray gun is controlled at 14000Nm3And h, controlling the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun to be 25%, controlling the speed of feeding the spray gun to be 10mm/min, detecting the thickness of the accretion of the furnace and the depth of the liquid molten pool by a detection rod 9 every 5min, keeping the distance between a spray head of the spray gun and the accretion of the furnace to be 200mm, and controlling the furnace pressure to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa. When the accretions are completely melted in the area of the slag discharge port 12 of the top-blown converter, a height of about 5 DEG above the position of the slag discharge port 12 is formedAfter the liquid melt with the thickness of 00mm, the slag discharge port 12 can be opened, and the liquid melt is continuously discharged out of the top-blown furnace 1 until the liquid level of the molten pool is reduced to the position of the slag discharge port 12;
D. safely melting the remaining accretions: keeping the lance wind stirring the molten pool, when detecting the remaining accretion thickness<800mm, stopping adding the low-grade granular copper matte, adjusting the conveying speed of the lump coal to be 3t/h, and adjusting the air control coefficient of the spray gun to be 7000Nm of the lump coal fuel coefficient3The fuel surplus coefficient is 100 percent, the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun is controlled to be 26 percent, the oxygen-enriched air of the lump coal is continuously reduced for 45min, the gun falling speed of the spray gun is controlled to be 10mm/min, the thickness of the furnace accretion and the depth of the liquid molten pool are detected by a detecting rod 9 every 5min, the distance between a spray head of the spray gun and the furnace accretion is kept to be 100mm, and the furnace pressure is controlled to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa; after the furnace top detecting rod 9 measures that the thickness of the residual furnace accretion is less than or equal to 100mm, the fault of the furnace accretion is eliminated, and the top-blown furnace can be recovered to normal production.
Example 2
Taking the process of smelting copper concentrate in a top-blown furnace with the diameter of 4.4 multiplied by 16m as an example, because the slag is not discharged completely after the furnace is shut down, high-melting-point accretions with the diameter of about 1500mm still remain in the top-blown furnace, the magnetic iron content of the accretions reaches 15 percent, and the height of the slag discharge port of the top-blown furnace is 1800 mm.
The method for rapidly melting the furnace accretion of the top-blown furnace comprises the following specific steps:
A. initial melting accretion: the diesel burner 2 is inserted into the furnace top from the burner hole with the depth of 5000mm, the diesel burner is ignited by using the residual heat in the furnace, the high heat generated by the combustion of the diesel is used for raising the temperature of the furnace top, the oil consumption of the diesel burner is adjusted to 700kg/h, and the diesel fuel coefficient is 10Nm3The fuel excess coefficient is 100 percent, and the furnace pressure is controlled to be-5 Pa to +10 Pa. The diesel oil is 0# national standard diesel oil. After the temperature at the top of the hearth is raised to be more than 1100 ℃, lump coal is accurately conveyed to enter the furnace from the feed opening 6 by utilizing the feeding system 3, the conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled to be 2t/h, and the fuel coefficient of the lump coal is 6600Nm3The fuel surplus coefficient is 110%, the lump coal is anthracite with the fixed carbon content being more than or equal to 68%, and the particle size of the lump coal is 5-15 mm; the lance is inserted into the hearth to 2/3 depth, namely 10.6m lance position depth, and combustion-supporting oxygen-rich concentrated solution is distributed from the lance 7The temperature is 30%, sufficient combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air is supplemented for lump coal combustion, and under the addition of heat generated by simultaneous combustion of diesel oil and lump coal, high heat is released to raise the temperature of a hearth, so that a liquid molten pool of about 300mm is formed after the surface layer of a accretion is molten;
B. removing hidden troubles of CO: after a detection rod 9 inserted from the top of the furnace detects that the surface layer of the furnace accretion is melted to form a liquid molten pool of about 300mm, the temperature of the top of the furnace hearth is raised to 1310 ℃, the diesel burner 2 is closed, and the diesel burner is raised to the depth of the top of the furnace (namely the depth of the diesel burner from the top of the top-blown furnace to the lower part of the diesel burner to extend into the furnace hearth) of 1500mm for standby; rapidly descending a spray head of a spray gun 7 and inserting the spray head into the liquid molten pool, stirring the molten pool by using oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting air provided by the spray gun, and burning lump coal which is not fully combusted in the molten pool; further, the hidden trouble of CO in the flue gas is eliminated, and the diesel burner is started to provide secondary combustion air of 2000Nm3H, releasing high-temperature heat to continuously melt accretions in lump coal and CO in flue gas which are not completely combusted in the combustion-supporting hearth; controlling the CO content in the flue gas to be less than or equal to 500ppm in the whole process through a temperature measuring and CO concentration measuring device 11 arranged at the inlet of the flue 10; after the spray gun 7 is inserted into the liquid molten pool, the pressure of the end 8 of the spray gun is controlled at 60kPa, and the furnace pressure is kept between-5 Pa and-10 Pa. Lump coal added into the furnace at the early stage cannot be completely combusted, a large amount of CO gas is generated after a molten pool is stirred, potential safety hazards exist, when the concentration of CO in flue gas is larger than 2000ppm, lump coal supply is stopped immediately, oxygen-enriched supply of a spray gun 7 is stopped temporarily, air is only supplied by the spray gun at the moment, combustion-supporting air is also supplied by a diesel burner 2, CO in the lump coal and the flue gas which are not completely combusted in a combustion-supporting hearth is released to melt accretions, and after the concentration of the CO gas is reduced to 500ppm, the potential CO hazard is eliminated completely, the next step can be carried out, and the diesel burner 2 is stopped;
C. fast melting furnace accretion: measuring and calculating the accretion thickness after eliminating the hidden trouble of CO in the flue gas, adding low-grade granular copper matte from a feed inlet 6 under the condition of micro oxygen enrichment when the residual accretion thickness is more than or equal to 800mm, and performing quick interaction reaction and heat release with the accretion by using lump coal and the low-grade granular copper matte to realize quick melting of the accretion, wherein the low-grade granular copper matte contains 35% of Cu, 21% of S and 12% of Fe by mass, and has the granularity of less than or equal to 5 mm; the material speed of the copper matte is controlled to be 20t/h as same as that of the copper matteThe conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled at 2t/h, copper matte and the lump coal are continuously added for 35min, and the air quantity of a spray gun is controlled at 8000Nm3And h, controlling the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun to be 30 percent, controlling the speed of the air of the spray gun to be 12mm/min, detecting the thickness of the accretion of the furnace and the depth of the liquid molten pool by a detection rod every 5min, keeping the distance between a spray head of the spray gun and the accretion of the furnace to be 300mm, and controlling the furnace pressure to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa. After the furnace knots in the area of the slag discharge port 12 of the top-blown furnace are completely melted and a liquid melt which is about 600mm higher than the position of the slag discharge port 12 is formed at the same time, the slag discharge port 12 can be opened, and the liquid melt is continuously discharged out of the furnace body until the liquid level of a molten pool is reduced to the position of the slag discharge port 12;
D. safely melting the remaining accretions: keeping the lance wind stirring the molten pool, when detecting the remaining accretion thickness<800mm, stopping adding the low-grade granular copper matte, adjusting the conveying speed of lump coal to be 3t/h, and adjusting the air control coefficient of the spray gun to be 7500Nm of the fuel coefficient of the lump coal3The fuel surplus coefficient is 110 percent, the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun is controlled to be 26 percent, the oxygen-enriched air of the lump coal is continuously reduced for 45min, the gun falling speed of the spray gun is controlled to be 12mm/min, the thickness of the furnace accretion and the depth of the liquid molten pool are detected by a detecting rod 9 every 5min, the distance between a spray head of the spray gun and the furnace accretion is kept to be 100mm, and the furnace pressure is controlled to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa; and after the furnace top detection rod measures that the thickness of the residual furnace accretion is less than or equal to 100mm, the fault of the furnace accretion is eliminated, and the top-blown furnace can be recovered to normal production.
Example 3
Taking the process of smelting copper concentrate in a top-blown furnace with the diameter of 4.4 multiplied by 16m as an example, due to process faults, a high-melting-point accretion with the diameter of nearly 1200mm is generated in the top-blown furnace, the content of the magnetic iron of the accretion reaches 25%, and the height of the slag discharge port of the top-blown furnace is 1800 mm.
The method for rapidly melting the furnace accretion of the top-blown furnace comprises the following specific steps:
A. initial melting accretion: the diesel burner 2 is inserted into the furnace top from the burner hole with the depth of 5000mm, the diesel burner is ignited by using the residual heat in the furnace, the high heat generated by the combustion of the diesel is used for raising the temperature of the furnace top, the oil consumption of the diesel burner is adjusted to 750kg/h, and the diesel fuel coefficient is 10Nm3The fuel excess coefficient is 120 percent, and the furnace pressure is controlled to be-5 Pa to +10 Pa.The diesel oil is 0# national standard diesel oil. After the temperature at the top of the hearth is raised to be more than 1100 ℃, the lump coal is accurately conveyed from the feed inlet into the furnace by using the feeding system 3, the conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled to be 2t/h, and the fuel coefficient of the lump coal is 6600Nm3The fuel surplus coefficient is 100%, the lump coal is anthracite with the fixed carbon content being more than or equal to 68%, and the particle size of the lump coal is 5-15 mm; the spray gun 7 is inserted into a hearth from the top of the furnace by 2/3 depths, namely 10.6m gun position depth, the concentration of combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air matched from the spray gun is 26 percent, abundant combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air is supplemented for lump coal combustion, and under the addition of heat generated by simultaneous combustion of diesel oil and lump coal, high heat is released to raise the temperature of the hearth, so that a liquid molten pool of about 300mm is formed after the surface layer of a furnace junction is melted;
B. removing hidden troubles of CO: after a detection rod 9 inserted from the top of the furnace detects that the surface layer of the furnace accretion is melted to form a liquid molten pool of about 300mm, the temperature of the top of the hearth is raised to 1300 ℃, the diesel burner 2 is closed, and the diesel burner is raised to the depth of the top of the furnace (namely the depth of the diesel burner extending into the hearth from the top of the top-blown furnace to the lower part) of 2000mm for standby; then quickly lowering a spray head of a spray gun 7 and inserting the spray head into the liquid molten pool, stirring the molten pool by using oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting air provided by the spray gun, and burning lump coal which is not fully combusted in the molten pool; further, the hidden trouble of CO in the flue gas is eliminated, and the diesel burner is started to provide 3000Nm secondary combustion air3H, releasing high-temperature heat to continuously melt accretions in lump coal and CO in flue gas which are not completely combusted in the combustion-supporting hearth; the CO content in the flue gas is controlled to be less than or equal to 500ppm through the temperature measuring and CO concentration measuring device 11 arranged at the inlet of the flue 10 in the whole process. After the spray gun is inserted into the liquid molten pool, the pressure of the end 8 of the spray gun is controlled at 60kPa, and the furnace pressure is kept between-5 Pa and-10 Pa. Lump coal added into the furnace at the early stage cannot be completely combusted, a large amount of CO gas is generated after a molten pool is stirred, potential safety hazards exist, when the concentration of CO in flue gas is larger than 2000ppm, lump coal supply is stopped immediately, oxygen-enriched supply of a spray gun is suspended, only air is supplied by the spray gun at the moment, combustion-supporting air is supplied to a diesel burner 2 at the same time, CO in the lump coal and the flue gas which are not completely combusted in a combustion-supporting hearth is released to melt accretions, and after the concentration of the CO gas is reduced to 500ppm, namely the potential CO hazard is eliminated, the next step of operation can be carried out, and the diesel burner 2 is stopped;
C. fast speedMelting furnace knots: measuring and calculating the accretion thickness after eliminating the hidden trouble of CO in the flue gas, when the remaining accretion thickness is more than or equal to 800mm, feeding low-grade granular copper matte from a feeding port 6 under the condition of micro oxygen enrichment, and performing quick interaction reaction and heat release with the accretion by using lump coal and the low-grade granular copper matte to realize quick melting of the accretion, wherein the low-grade granular copper matte contains 50% of Cu, 25% of S and 12% of Fe by mass and has the granularity of less than or equal to 5 mm; the material speed of the copper matte is controlled to be 30t/h, the conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled to be 3t/h, the copper matte and the lump coal are continuously added for 60min, and the air volume of a spray gun is controlled to be 10000Nm3And h, controlling the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun at 23%, controlling the speed of feeding the spray gun at 10mm/min, detecting the thickness of the accretion of the furnace and the depth of the liquid molten pool by a detection rod every 5min, keeping the distance between a spray head of the spray gun and the accretion of the furnace at 200mm, and controlling the furnace pressure to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa. After furnace knots in the area of the slag discharge port of the top-blown furnace are completely melted and a liquid melt which is about 500mm higher than the position of the slag discharge port 12 is formed at the same time, the slag discharge port 12 is burnt, and the liquid melt is continuously discharged out of the furnace body until the liquid level of a molten pool is reduced to the height position of the slag discharge port 12;
D. safely melting the remaining accretions: keeping the lance wind stirring the molten pool, when detecting the remaining accretion thickness<800mm, stopping adding the low-grade granular copper matte, adjusting the conveying speed of the lump coal to be 3t/h, and adjusting the air control coefficient of the spray gun to be 7000Nm of the lump coal fuel coefficient3The fuel surplus coefficient is 100 percent, the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun is controlled to be 26 percent, the oxygen-enriched air of the lump coal is continuously reduced for 50min, the gun falling speed of the spray gun is controlled to be 10mm/min, the thickness of the furnace accretion and the depth of the liquid molten pool are detected by a detecting rod 9 every 5min, the distance between a spray head of the spray gun and the furnace accretion is kept to be 200mm, and the furnace pressure is controlled to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa; and after the furnace top detection rod measures that the thickness of the residual furnace accretion is less than or equal to 100mm, the fault of the furnace accretion is eliminated, and the top-blown furnace can be recovered to normal production.
The method of the invention is verified by tests that the melting furnace junction effect of the melting top-blown furnace is good and the fault removal efficiency is high.
The method can also be used for the furnace drying operation before the furnace opening of the top-blown furnace, and the residual accretion in the last furnace period can be quickly melted.
By adopting the method, oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting air and the lance position control requirements of the spray guns in different stages are key control parameters of the method, the lance position control needs to be adjusted within the reasonable range of the method, otherwise the superposition of the reduction and combustion effects of high-melting-point accretion reduction and process heat and mass release cannot be realized, and the requirements of CO safety control and rapid melting accretion cannot be met.
The equipment and devices in the method, such as the diesel burner 2, the feeding system 3, the spray gun 7, the pressure measuring device 8, the detecting rod 9, the temperature and CO concentration measuring device 11 and the like, are all the equipment and devices in the prior art. The low-grade granular copper matte is a material in the prior art and can be obtained commercially.
The invention can rapidly melt accretions with the melting point as high as 1350 ℃, improves the production efficiency, is suitable for treating a large amount of high-melting-point accretions generated in the process of smelting copper concentrate or converting blister copper by a top-blown furnace, and is rapid and safe.
The control parameters and the operation steps related to the method can be slightly optimized and adjusted, and then the method can be widely popularized and applied to smelting furnaces of the same type or similar types.
Claims (6)
1. A method for rapidly melting a furnace accretion of a top-blown furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. initial melting accretion: after a large amount of high-melting-point furnace accretions are generated in the top-blown furnace (1), inserting the diesel burner (2) into the hearth from a burner hole at the top of the top-blown furnace, wherein the depth of the diesel burner is 5000mm, igniting the diesel burner by using waste heat in the furnace, and raising the temperature of the hearth by using high heat released by combustion of diesel; after the temperature of the top of the hearth is raised to be more than 1100 ℃, block coal is continuously conveyed from a feeding port (6) on the top of the hearth to enter the hearth by using a feeding system (3), combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air is supplemented for the combustion of the block coal by using a spray gun (7) inserted from the top of the hearth, and under the addition of heat generated by the simultaneous combustion of diesel oil and the block coal, high heat is released to raise the temperature of the hearth, so that a liquid molten pool with the height of 300mm is formed after the surface layer of a accretion of the hearth is melted;
B. removing hidden troubles of CO: inserting a detection rod (9) into the hearth from the furnace top, raising the temperature of the top of the hearth to 1300-1350 ℃ when the detection rod detects that the surface layer of the accretion is molten to form a liquid molten pool with the height of 300mm, closing the diesel burner (2), and raising the diesel burner to the depth of 1000-2000 mm of the furnace top for later use; rapidly descending a spray head of a spray gun (7), inserting the spray head into a liquid molten pool, stirring the molten pool by using oxygen-enriched combustion-supporting air provided by the spray gun, burning lump coal which is not fully combusted in the molten pool, further eliminating the hidden danger of CO in flue gas, then starting a diesel burner (2) to provide secondary combustion air, burning the lump coal which is not completely combusted in a combustion-supporting hearth and CO in the flue gas, and releasing high-temperature heat to continuously melt accretions;
C. fast melting furnace accretion: after CO hidden danger in flue gas is eliminated, measuring and calculating the thickness of a furnace nodule, when the thickness of the remaining furnace nodule is more than or equal to 800mm, feeding low-grade granular copper matte from a feeding port (6) under a micro oxygen-enriched condition, taking lump coal and the low-grade granular copper matte to be used together to complete the joint reaction heat addition of the lump coal and the low-grade granular copper matte, carrying out quick interaction reaction with the furnace nodule to release heat, releasing high heat and stirring a molten pool to quickly melt the furnace nodule, after the furnace nodule in the area of a furnace slag discharge port (12) of a top-blown furnace is completely melted and simultaneously forms a liquid melt 500-1000 mm higher than the position of the furnace slag discharge port (12), burning the furnace slag discharge port (12), continuously discharging the liquid melt to the outside of the furnace body of the top-blown furnace (1), and reducing the liquid level of the molten pool to the position of the furnace slag discharge port (12);
D. safely melting the remaining accretions: and (3) keeping the air of the spray gun (7) to stir the molten pool, stopping adding the low-grade granular copper matte when detecting that the thickness of the residual accretion is less than 800mm, adjusting the lump coal conveying speed of the feeding system and the air control coefficient of the spray gun, and after the detection rod (9) measures that the thickness of the residual accretion is less than or equal to 100mm, finishing the fault removal of the accretion and recovering the normal production of the top-blown furnace.
2. The method for rapidly melting the accretion of the top-blown furnace according to claim 1, wherein the step A is characterized in that the initial melting accretion is formed by adjusting the oil consumption of a diesel burner (2) to 600-800 kg/h and controlling the furnace pressure to-5 Pa-10 Pa; the diesel oil is 0# national standard diesel oil; the lump coal is anthracite with the fixed carbon content of more than or equal to 68 percent, the particle size of the lump coal is 5-15 mm, the conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled at 2-4 t/h, and the fuel coefficient of the lump coal is 6600-7500 Nm3T, the fuel surplus coefficient is 100-120%; the spray gun is inserted into the hearth 2/3The depth is that the concentration of combustion-supporting oxygen enrichment which is distributed from the spray gun (7) is 26 to 43 percent.
3. The method for rapidly melting the accretion in the top-blown furnace according to claim 1, wherein the step B of removing the hidden danger of CO provides secondary combustion air for the diesel burner (2) by restarting the diesel burner (2), and the secondary combustion air is supplemented to the diesel burner (2) by 2000-8000 Nm3H, controlling the content of CO in the flue gas to be less than or equal to 500ppm in the whole process; after the spray gun (7) is inserted into the liquid molten pool, the pressure at the end of the spray gun is controlled to be 50-70 kPa, and the furnace pressure is kept to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa.
4. The method for rapidly melting the accretion of the top-blown furnace according to the claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the lump coal added into the furnace at the earlier stage can not be completely combusted, the nozzle of the lance (7) is inserted into the liquid molten bath to stir the molten bath to generate a large amount of CO gas, when the concentration of the CO in the flue gas is more than 2000ppm, the lump coal supply is stopped immediately, the oxygen-enriched supply of the lance (7) is suspended, the lance only supplies air at the moment, the diesel burner (2) also supplies combustion air at the same time, the incompletely combusted lump coal and the CO in the flue gas in the combustion-supporting furnace hearth are released to melt the accretion, the concentration of the CO gas is reduced to 500ppm, the hidden danger of CO is eliminated, the next operation is carried out, and the diesel burner is stopped.
5. The method for rapidly melting the accretion of the top-blown furnace according to claim 1, wherein the low-grade granular copper matte in the step C contains 30-50% of Cu, 20-28% of S, 10-16% of Fe and has a granularity of less than or equal to 5mm by mass; the feeding speed of the low-grade granular copper matte is controlled to be 20-30 t/h, the conveying speed of the lump coal is controlled to be 2-5 t/h, the copper matte and the lump coal are continuously added for 20-60 min, and the air volume of a spray gun is controlled to be 8000-14000 Nm3And h, controlling the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun to be 21-30%, controlling the speed of the air of the spray gun to be 10-30 mm/min, detecting the thickness of the accretion and the depth of the liquid molten pool by a detection rod (9) every 5min, keeping the distance between a spray head of the spray gun and the accretion at 200-400 mm, and controlling the furnace pressure to be-5 Pa to-10 Pa.
6. The method for rapidly melting the accretion of the top-blown furnace according to claim 1, wherein the lump coal conveying speed and the air control coefficient of the lance of the feeding system are adjusted in the step D, the lump coal conveying speed is controlled to be 3-5 t/h, and the air control coefficient of the lance is adjusted to be 7000-9000 Nm3The fuel surplus coefficient is 100-120%, and the oxygen-enriched concentration of the air of the spray gun is controlled to be 26-35%; the lump coal oxygen-enriched air is continuously reduced for 45-60 min, the speed of the lance (7) falling is controlled to be 10-12 mm/min, the thickness of the accretion and the depth of the liquid molten pool are detected by the detecting rod (9) every 5min, and the distance between the nozzle of the lance and the accretion is kept to be 100-200 mm.
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