CN111363575A - Method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis - Google Patents

Method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis Download PDF

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CN111363575A
CN111363575A CN202010227735.3A CN202010227735A CN111363575A CN 111363575 A CN111363575 A CN 111363575A CN 202010227735 A CN202010227735 A CN 202010227735A CN 111363575 A CN111363575 A CN 111363575A
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lignin
microwave
oil
phenol
rich bio
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蒋晓燕
王文露
崔爱晗
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Changzhou Institute of Technology
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Changzhou Institute of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/02Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/04Sulfides
    • B01J27/047Sulfides with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
    • B01J27/051Molybdenum
    • B01J27/0515Molybdenum with iron group metals or platinum group metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/002Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis, which belongs to the field of biomass energy utilization2Mixing the catalyst/AC, performing microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis reaction to obtain a lysate, and sequentially extracting and evaporating the lysate to remove the extractant to obtain the phenol-rich bio-oil. The method has the characteristics of high pyrolysis speed, energy conservation, high efficiency, environmental protection; active carbon loaded bi-metal ion Ni-MoS2the/AC catalyst has the characteristics of relatively proper hydrodeoxygenation activity and high selectivity catalysis, is convenient for obtaining high-content phenol-rich bio-oil, and has high stability, lower production cost and high economical practicability.

Description

Method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy utilization, and particularly relates to a method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil through lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis.
Background
Lignin is one of the three major components of biomass, the second most renewable resource next to cellulose. Lignin is a complex three-dimensional amorphous polymer, and the side chain of the lignin has a plurality of active functional groups, wherein the proportion of phenolic hydroxyl (-OH) is very high, and the lignin is an ideal raw material for producing phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are widely used in the preparation of phenolic resins, preservatives, flavoring agents, and the like as an important chemical raw material.
The microwave pyrolysis technology is a promising sustainable production method of bio-oil and value-added chemicals, and has been widely studied in laboratories due to the advantages of fast heating, short processing time, and the like, and has shown good potential in the aspect of producing high-quality bio-oil. Due to the special heating principle of the microwave, the microwave has a certain synergistic effect with some catalysts. By screening the catalyst, the yield of the phenol-rich bio-oil produced by the lignin can be improved, and chemicals with high added values can be further separated.
When zeolite-based catalysts such as HZSM-5, ZSM-5 and the like are used for preparing the phenol-rich bio-oil, the problems of insufficient selectivity, serious coking and inactivation and the like exist; the composite catalyst prepared by doping the zeolite-based catalyst with other metal oxide catalysts is not favorable for preparing the phenol products with high selectivity because the ratio of the zeolite-based catalyst to the metal oxide catalyst in the composite catalyst is difficult to control on one hand, and the feeding ratio of each component catalyst to the raw material in the composite catalyst is difficult to control on the other hand. With transition metal sulfides (e.g. MoS)2) When the catalyst is used alone, the catalytic hydrogenation activity of the catalyst is relatively low, so that the yield of the phenol-rich bio-oil is low, and the waste of lignin raw materials is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis, which has the characteristics of high pyrolysis speed, energy conservation, high efficiency, environmental protection; active carbon loaded bi-metal ion Ni-MoS2the/AC catalyst has the characteristics of relatively proper hydrodeoxygenation activity and high selectivity catalysis, is convenient for obtaining high-content phenol-rich bio-oil, and has high stability, lower production cost and high economical practicability.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme of the invention is to design a method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis, which comprises the following steps:
s1: dissolving ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate and nickel nitrate hexahydrate in deionized water to prepare the solutionSoaking in a solution, soaking activated carbon in the solution for a period of time, oven drying the soaked activated carbon, placing in an atmosphere protective furnace, introducing inert gas for protection, heating to 450 deg.C, and continuously introducing H at a certain flow rate2S/H2Keeping the temperature of the mixed gas for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the active carbon loaded bi-metal ion Ni-MoS2an/AC catalyst;
s2: the lignin and the active carbon prepared in the step S1 loaded with the double metal ions Ni-MoS2Mixing the/AC catalysts according to a certain mass ratio, performing pyrolysis reaction under the action of microwave, and filtering to obtain a lysate after the reaction is finished;
s3: and (4) sequentially extracting and evaporating the cracking solution prepared in the step S2 to remove the extractant, so as to obtain the phenol-rich bio-oil.
In the preferable technical scheme, in the step S1, the consumption of the impregnation liquid is the saturated water absorption capacity of the activated carbon, and the impregnation time is 36-60 h.
Preferably, in step S1, H is2S/H2The flow rate of the mixed gas was 65mL/min, where H2The volume fraction of S was 8%.
Preferably, the activated carbon prepared in the step S1 is loaded with double metal ions Ni-MoS2The sum of the mass percent of Mo and Ni in the/AC catalyst is 5-20%, wherein the molar ratio of Mo to Ni/(Ni + Mo) is 0.1-0.7.
Preferably, in the step S2, the lignin and the activated carbon support bi-metal ions Ni-MoS2The mass ratio of the/AC catalyst is 1: 0.05-0.1.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the pyrolysis reaction conditions are: the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, the microwave power is 200-1000W, the reaction temperature is 450-650 ℃, and the reaction time is 5-10 min.
In the preferable technical scheme, in the step S2, the lignin is acid-washing wood-grinding lignin of poplar or acid-washing wood-grinding lignin of pine, the particle size is 0.2-0.9 mm, and the water content is 2-8%. The acid washing pretreatment aims at effectively removing mineral elements in the lignin, and certain mineral elements can play a catalytic role in the pyrolysis process of the lignin and have influence on the pyrolysis approach and the product quality.
Further preferably, the acid used in the pretreatment of poplar or pine acid washing is hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid has good removal effect, the lignin pyrolysis volatile component after the hydrochloric acid pretreatment is higher, and the content of phenolic compounds in the volatile component is improved.
In a preferred technical scheme, in the step S3, the specific extraction operation is as follows: and adding alkali liquor to adjust the pH value of the lysate to be more than 11, and extracting for 3-6 times by using an extracting agent, wherein the extracting agent is dichloromethane.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S1, the inert gas introduced is nitrogen.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the method for preparing the phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis has the characteristics of high pyrolysis speed, energy conservation, high efficiency, greenness and environmental protection. Wherein the active carbon loads bimetallic ions Ni-MoS2the/AC catalyst has the characteristics of relatively proper hydrodeoxygenation activity and high selectivity catalysis, not only can enable lignin to generate partial deoxygenation reaction, but also can keep phenolic hydroxyl and aromatic ring structures from being damaged; active carbon loaded bi-metal ion Ni-MoS2After Ni is doped in the/AC catalyst, the space structure and the reaction performance of the catalyst can be changed, and MoS2Will form Ni-Mo-S phase, i.e. Ni atom replaces MoS2Mo atoms at the edge position form more S vacancies and provide more active sites, so that the reaction activity of the catalyst is improved, the maximum capacity of producing the phenol-rich bio-oil by using lignin is realized, and the active carbon loads the bimetallic ion Ni-MoS2the/AC catalyst has high stability, lower production cost and high economical practicability.
2. Active carbon loaded bi-metal ion Ni-MoS2The AC catalyst is beneficial to improving the yield of the phenolic compound: wherein, the loaded molybdenum ions and nickel ions can effectively promote the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin to prepare phenol products and promote the breaking of carbon-oxygen bonds (direct deoxygenation, decarbonylation in the form of CO, etc.),With CO2Formal decarboxylation) to yield an aromatic product; on the other hand, the prehydrogenation of the aromatic ring can be effectively promoted to generate naphthenic hydrocarbon and cycloolefin; in addition, the active carbon loads the double metal ions Ni-MoS2The acidity and deoxygenation of the/AC catalyst results in disproportionation and isomerization reactions with disproportionation products into primary products such as phenol, diethylphenol, etc.; the isomerized product is a secondary product, such as an isomer of diethylphenol.
3. The acid washing pretreatment aims at effectively removing mineral elements in the lignin, and certain mineral elements can play a role in catalysis in the pyrolysis process of the lignin and have influence on the pyrolysis approach and the product quality; the hydrochloric acid has good removal effect, the lignin pyrolysis volatile component after the hydrochloric acid pretreatment is higher, and the content of phenolic compounds in the volatile component is improved.
4. The dichloromethane is used as an extracting agent, which is beneficial to improving the content of phenolic compounds in the extract: the dichloromethane has low solubility and boiling point in the water phase, and has good selective solubility to the phenolic compounds, so that the phenolic compounds are easy to extract from the water phase; the extractant can be recycled to the extraction process.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1
The method for preparing the phenol-rich bio-oil by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of lignin comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 0.0957g of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate and 0.0394g of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, dissolving in deionized water, and impregnating and loading on activated carbon for 48 hours in equal volume; drying the soaked sample in an oven at 125 deg.C for 11H, oven drying, placing in an atmosphere protective furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 450 deg.C at a heating rate of 5 deg.C/min, maintaining the constant temperature for 3H, cooling to room temperature, and cooling to room temperature, wherein H is2S/H2The total flow rate of the mixed gas is 65mL/min, H2S bodyThe integral percentage is 8 percent, and the active carbon loaded double metal ions Ni-MoS are obtained21.2g of/AC catalyst, wherein the total mass of active components Mo and Ni accounts for the total mass of the active carbon loaded double metal ions Ni-MoS25% of the total mass of the/AC catalyst, wherein the molar ratio of Ni/(Ni + Mo) is 0.2; ICP analysis shows that the prepared active carbon carries double metal ions Ni-MoS2The contents of Mo and Ni in the/AC catalyst are consistent with theoretical values;
s2: 20g of poplar wood grinding lignin (with the particle size of 0.2-0.3 mm and the water content of 3%) pretreated by hydrochloric acid and 1.2g of active carbon loaded double metal ions Ni-MoS2Mixing the/AC catalyst, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, connecting a microwave pyrolysis reaction system, and introducing nitrogen to obtain an anaerobic reaction environment; starting the microwave pyrolysis reactor to assist in lignin pyrolysis; setting the microwave frequency to be 2.45GHz, the microwave power to be 400W, the heating temperature to be 500 ℃ and the reaction time to be 10 min; after the reaction is finished, cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, and filtering the reacted liquid to obtain a lysate;
s3: adjusting the pH value of the cracking solution to be more than 11 by adopting 35% NaOH, then extracting the cracking solution for 3 times by adopting dichloromethane as an extracting agent to obtain an extraction liquid, removing the extracting agent by rotary evaporation to obtain the phenol-rich bio-oil with the yield of 55.68% (yield being the mass of the phenol-rich bio-oil/the poplar wood grinding lignin), and circularly applying the extracting agent which is evaporated by rotation to an extraction process.
Example 2
The method for preparing the phenol-rich bio-oil by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of lignin comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 0.1961g of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate and 0.2152g of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, dissolving in deionized water, and soaking and loading on activated carbon for 36 hours in equal volume; drying the soaked sample in an oven at 125 deg.C for 11H, oven drying, placing in an atmosphere protective furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 450 deg.C at a heating rate of 5 deg.C/min, maintaining the constant temperature for 3H, cooling to room temperature, and cooling to room temperature, wherein H is2S/H2The total flow rate of the mixed gas is 65mL/min, H2The volume fraction of S is 8 percent, and the active carbon loaded bi-metal ion Ni-MoS is obtained21.5g of/AC catalyst, wherein the total mass of active components Mo and Ni accounts for the total mass of the active carbon loaded double metal ions Ni-MoS210% of the total mass of the/AC catalyst, wherein the molar ratio of Ni/(Ni + Mo) is 0.4; ICP analysis shows that the prepared active carbon carries double metal ions Ni-MoS2The contents of Mo and Ni in the/AC catalyst are consistent with theoretical values;
s2: 20g of hydrochloric acid pretreated pine wood grinding lignin (with the particle size of 0.5-0.6 mm and the water content of 5%) and 1.5g of active carbon loaded bi-metal ion Ni-MoS2Mixing the/AC catalyst, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, connecting a microwave pyrolysis reaction system, and introducing nitrogen to obtain an anaerobic reaction environment; starting the microwave pyrolysis reactor to assist in lignin pyrolysis; setting the microwave frequency to be 2.45GHz, the microwave power to be 600W, the heating temperature to be 550 ℃ and the reaction time to be 8 min; after the reaction is finished, cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, and filtering the reacted liquid to obtain a lysate;
s3: adjusting the pH value of the cracking solution to be more than 11 by adopting 35% NaOH, then extracting the cracking solution for 4 times by adopting dichloromethane as an extracting agent to obtain an extraction liquid, and then removing the extracting agent by rotary evaporation to obtain the phenol-rich bio-oil with the yield of 57.92% (yield is the phenol-rich bio-oil/pine wood grinding lignin feeding quality), wherein the extracting agent which is evaporated by rotary evaporation is circularly applied to the extraction process.
Example 3
The method for preparing the phenol-rich bio-oil by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of lignin comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing 0.2591g of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate and 0.6399g of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, dissolving in deionized water, and soaking and loading on activated carbon for 60 hours in equal volume; drying the soaked sample in an oven at 125 deg.C for 11H, oven drying, placing in an atmosphere protective furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 450 deg.C at a heating rate of 5 deg.C/min, maintaining the constant temperature for 3H, cooling to room temperature, and cooling to room temperature, wherein H is2S/H2The total flow rate of the mixed gas is 65mL/min, H2The volume fraction of S is 8 percent, and the active carbon loaded bi-metal ion Ni-MoS is obtained21.8g of/AC catalyst, wherein the total mass of the active components Mo and NiTakes the bimetallic ion Ni-MoS loaded on the active carbon215% of the total mass of the/AC catalyst, wherein the molar ratio of Ni/(Ni + Mo) to the total mass of the/AC catalyst is 0.6; ICP analysis shows that the prepared active carbon carries double metal ions Ni-MoS2The contents of Mo and Ni in the/AC catalyst are consistent with theoretical values;
s2: 20g of poplar wood grinding lignin (with the particle size of 0.8-0.9 mm and the water content of 7%) pretreated by hydrochloric acid and 1.8g of active carbon loaded double metal ions Ni-MoS2Mixing the/AC catalyst, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, connecting a microwave pyrolysis reaction system, and introducing nitrogen to obtain an anaerobic reaction environment; starting the microwave pyrolysis reactor to assist in lignin pyrolysis; setting the microwave frequency at 2.45GHz, the microwave power at 800W, the heating temperature at 600 ℃ and the reaction time at 6 min; after the reaction is finished, cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, and filtering the reacted liquid to obtain a lysate;
s3: adjusting the pH value of the cracking solution to be more than 11 by adopting 35% NaOH, then extracting the cracking solution for 5 times by adopting dichloromethane as an extracting agent to obtain an extraction liquid, removing the extracting agent by rotary evaporation to obtain the phenol-rich bio-oil with the yield of 56.17% (yield is phenol-rich bio-oil/poplar wood grinding lignin feeding quality), and circularly applying the extracting agent which is evaporated by rotation to an extraction process.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: dissolving ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate and nickel nitrate hexahydrate in deionized water to prepare impregnation liquid, then placing active carbon with a certain mass in the impregnation liquid for impregnation for a period of time, drying the impregnated active carbon, placing the dried active carbon in an atmosphere protection furnace, introducing inert gas for protection, heating to 450 ℃, and continuously introducing H at a certain flow rate2S/H2Keeping the temperature of the mixed gas for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the active carbon loaded bi-metal ion Ni-MoS2an/AC catalyst;
s2: the lignin and the active carbon prepared in the step S1 loaded with the double metal ions Ni-MoS2Mixing the/AC catalysts according to a certain mass ratio, performing pyrolysis reaction under the action of microwave, and filtering to obtain a lysate after the reaction is finished;
s3: and (4) sequentially extracting and evaporating the cracking solution prepared in the step S2 to remove the extractant, so as to obtain the phenol-rich bio-oil.
2. The method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil through microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of lignin according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the amount of the impregnation liquid is equal to the saturated water absorption capacity of the activated carbon, and the impregnation time is 36-60 hours.
3. The method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of lignin according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, H is2S/H2The flow rate of the mixed gas was 65mL/min, where H2The volume fraction of S was 8%.
4. The method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of lignin according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon prepared in the step S1 supports bi-metal ion Ni-MoS2The sum of the mass percent of Mo and Ni in the/AC catalyst is 5-20%, wherein the molar ratio of Mo to Ni/(Ni + Mo) is 0.1-0.7.
5. The method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the lignin and the activated carbon load double metal ions Ni-MoS2The mass ratio of the/AC catalyst is 1: 0.05-0.1.
6. The method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of lignin according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the pyrolysis reaction conditions are as follows: the microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, the microwave power is 200-1000W, the reaction temperature is 450-650 ℃, and the reaction time is 5-10 min.
7. The method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of lignin according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the lignin is milled lignin of acid-washed pretreated poplar wood or milled lignin of acid-washed pretreated pine wood, the particle size is 0.2-0.9 mm, and the water content is 2-8%.
8. The method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of lignin according to claim 7, wherein the acid used in the acid washing pretreatment of poplar or pine is hydrochloric acid.
9. The method for preparing the phenol-rich bio-oil through the microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of the lignin according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the concrete operations of the extraction are as follows: and adding alkali liquor to adjust the pH value of the lysate to be more than 11, and extracting for 3-6 times by using an extracting agent, wherein the extracting agent is dichloromethane.
10. The method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of lignin according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas introduced in step S1 is nitrogen.
CN202010227735.3A 2020-03-27 2020-03-27 Method for preparing phenol-rich bio-oil by lignin microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis Pending CN111363575A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200703