CN111363557A - Farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111363557A CN111363557A CN202010255654.4A CN202010255654A CN111363557A CN 111363557 A CN111363557 A CN 111363557A CN 202010255654 A CN202010255654 A CN 202010255654A CN 111363557 A CN111363557 A CN 111363557A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of soil remediation, wherein the passivator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-150 parts of MgO; 50-350 parts of KMnO4 modified activated carbon; 50-250 parts of clay mineral; 100-200 parts of humic acid; 50-200 parts of phosphate, and the preparation method of the passivator comprises the following steps: and grinding and sieving MgO, KMnO4 modified activated carbon, clay mineral, humic acid and phosphate according to the weight parts, and then injecting into a suspension mixer for mixing and stirring to obtain the passivating agent. The passivator has low preparation cost and simple and easy operation, can fix and passivate various heavy metals in soil to form insoluble metal salt or alkali, greatly reduces the activity, mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals in the soil, can simultaneously eliminate the pollution of the various heavy metals in the soil and protects the productivity of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The current pollution treatment methods of heavy metal soil comprise physical, chemical, biological, agroecological and combined remediation technologies and the like. The common restoration specifically comprises soil replacement, thermal desorption, soil leaching, passivant application and the like. The soil replacement method is mostly used in heavily polluted areas, has thoroughness and stability, but has larger project amount, higher implementation cost and easy damage to the original properties of the soil, and is only suitable for the soil polluted by small-area heavy metals; the thermal desorption principle is that heavy metal elements in the soil are recovered in a gaseous state by heating the soil, such as mercury, arsenic and other heavy metals, the method for treating the heavy metal soil by thermal desorption is simple, the implementation cost is high, the method is only suitable for volatile heavy metal pollutants, and the original ecological property of the soil is easily changed; the soil washing is a technology for removing pollutants in the soil by a soil washing agent, the method for treating the heavy metal polluted soil is quick and efficient, the washing price is high, and water sources and secondary pollution are easily caused; the farmland passivator is used for fixing and passivating heavy metals in soil by methods such as physical chemistry and the like so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the heavy metals migrating in the farmland.
Passivation technology is often used for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil due to a series of advantages such as simplicity, high efficiency and rapidness. Passivation is to add a passivating agent (nontoxic and harmless substances) into the soil to reduce the migration and bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil, thereby reducing the toxicity of the heavy metals to achieve the repairing effect. Commonly used passivating agents mainly include the following classes: lime, phosphorus, charcoal, clay minerals and organic composts, wherein the organic composts can improve soil fertility, change soil physicochemical properties, can also be used as passivators to reduce bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in soil, improve the pH value of the soil, increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil, and can be complexed with the heavy metals, but contain the heavy metals due to the problems of the organic composts: heavy metals such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper and molybdenum are essential elements for crop growth, sludge compost is improved, the sludge compost can be incorporated into soil by controlling the content of the heavy metals, other heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, cesium, chromium, nickel and antimony have great negative effects on soil quality due to potential phytotoxicity and toxicity to soil organisms, therefore, the potential danger of the metal elements is caused and the use amount of the heavy metals is less along with the increase of the application amount of the organic compost, while the passivation effect of other categories such as lime and phosphorus is better, but the excessive application or improper selection of lime can cause excessive calcification of partial soil, soil hardening and alkalization and even seedling burning of farmlands, the excessive application of phosphorus can cause excessive soluble phosphorus to be introduced into the soil by phosphorus materials, so that phosphorus loss is caused, causing environmental problems such as water eutrophication and the like, and the treatment and maintenance cost is not economical and reasonable. Therefore, how to reasonably obtain a proper farmland passivating agent is the problem to be solved by the invention.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention designs a farmland passivating agent for treating soil heavy metal pollution and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a farmland passivating agent for treating soil heavy metal pollution and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the passivator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
50-150 parts of Mg O;
50-350 parts of KMnO4 modified activated carbon;
50-250 parts of clay mineral;
100-200 parts of humic acid;
50-200 parts of phosphate.
Preferably, the clay mineral is one of sepiolite, attapulgite, montmorillonite, palygorskite, zeolite, vermiculite, bentonite, diatomite and kaolin, and the montmorillonite is most preferably selected.
Preferably, the humic acid is one of peat, lignite or weathered coal, and most preferably weathered coal.
Preferably, the phosphate is one of phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate, apatite, phosphate ore, inorganic phosphate fertilizer or bone charcoal, and most preferably sodium phosphate.
Preferably, the passivator consists of the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of Mg O;
200 parts of KMnO4 modified activated carbon;
150 parts of clay mineral;
150 parts of humic acid;
and 125 parts of phosphate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the passivating agent comprises the following steps:
and grinding and sieving Mg O, KMnO4 modified activated carbon, clay mineral, humic acid and phosphate according to the weight parts, and then injecting into a suspension mixer for mixing and stirring to obtain the passivating agent.
Preferably, the preparation method of Mg O comprises: taking 30-100 parts of industrially mined magnesite, adding 30-100 parts of calcium chloride, adding 10-30 parts of silicon iron compound, and calcining at 200-800 ℃ for 5-20 hours to obtain Mg O.
Preferably, the grinding machine is a ball mill, and the screened granularity is controlled below 200 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the farmland passivating agent contains magnesium oxide, magnesium ore resources in China are rich, sources are wide, exploitation is easy, other effective components comprise silicate and ferric oxide, materials are convenient to obtain, the price is low, and the operation is simple and easy.
2. The farmland passivator disclosed by the invention contains KMnO4 modified activated carbon, can excite and fix heavy metals in soil through electrostatic action, ion exchange, precipitation action, complexing action of oxygen-containing functional groups and the like, and has a very obvious passivation effect on copper.
3. The farmland passivating agent disclosed by the invention contains humic acid, contains a large number of active groups such as carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, quinonyl, alcoholic hydroxyl and the like, has strong binding capacity with heavy metals, can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil after being degraded, and can provide organic nutrients for crops.
4. The farmland passivator component disclosed by the invention contains clay minerals, plays an important role in migration, enrichment and conversion of elements, has a pore structure and a large specific surface area, and is mainly used for reducing the concentration and activity of heavy metal ions in soil through adsorption, coprecipitation, coordination and the like, wherein the montmorillonite has the best passivation effect.
5. The farmland passivating agent disclosed by the invention contains phosphate, can adsorb heavy metal on the surface of soil and then replace the heavy metal, or convert the heavy metal into an insoluble phosphoric acid compound, and the effect of the passivating agent can be improved by the phosphate by controlling the weight of the phosphate.
6. The farmland passivating agent has the advantages of simple equipment, simple and convenient operation, low cost and high feasibility, can fix and passivate various heavy metals in soil to form insoluble metal salt or alkali, greatly reduces the activity, mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals in the soil, can simultaneously eliminate the pollution of the various heavy metals in the soil, protects the productivity of the soil, protects underground water, ensures food safety, and has good environmental, social and economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking 40 parts by weight of industrially mined magnesite, adding 40 parts by weight of calcium chloride, adding 10 parts by weight of silicon iron compound, and calcining at 200 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain Mg O.
Grinding and sieving 50 parts by weight of Mg O by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder A, grinding and sieving 50 parts by weight of KMnO4 modified activated carbon by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder B, grinding and sieving 50 parts by weight of montmorillonite by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder C, grinding and sieving 100 parts by weight of weathered coal by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder D, grinding and sieving 50 parts by weight of sodium phosphate by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder E, controlling the sieved granularity to be below 200 meshes, injecting solid powder A, B, C, D, E into a suspension mixer for fully mixing, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution, and packaging and warehousing the powder.
Example 2
Taking 45 parts of industrially mined magnesite, adding 45 parts of calcium chloride and 15 parts of ferrosilicon compound by weight, and calcining at 400 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain Mg O.
Grinding and sieving 80 parts by weight of Mg O by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder A, grinding and sieving 100 parts by weight of KMnO4 modified activated carbon by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder B, grinding and sieving 100 parts by weight of montmorillonite by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder C, grinding and sieving 120 parts by weight of weathered coal by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder D, grinding and sieving 80 parts by weight of sodium phosphate by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder E, controlling the sieved granularity to be below 200 meshes, injecting solid powder A, B, C, D, E into a suspension mixer for fully mixing, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution, and packaging and warehousing the powder.
Example 3
Taking 60 parts of industrially mined magnesite, adding 60 parts of calcium chloride and 20 parts of ferrosilicon compound by weight, and calcining at 600 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain Mg O.
Grinding and sieving 100 parts by weight of Mg O by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder A, grinding and sieving 200 parts by weight of KMnO4 modified activated carbon by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder B, grinding and sieving 150 parts by weight of montmorillonite by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder C, grinding and sieving 150 parts by weight of weathered coal by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder D, grinding and sieving 125 parts by weight of sodium phosphate by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder E, controlling the sieved granularity to be below 200 meshes, injecting solid powder A, B, C, D, E into a suspension mixer for fully mixing, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution, and packaging and warehousing the powder.
Example 4
Taking 80 parts by weight of industrially mined magnesite, adding 70 parts by weight of calcium chloride, adding 25 parts by weight of ferrosilicon compound, and calcining at 700 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain Mg O.
Grinding and sieving 120 parts by weight of Mg O by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder A, grinding and sieving 300 parts by weight of KMnO4 modified activated carbon by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder B, grinding and sieving 200 parts by weight of montmorillonite by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder C, grinding and sieving 170 parts by weight of weathered coal by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder D, grinding and sieving 150 parts by weight of sodium phosphate by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder E, controlling the sieved granularity to be below 200 meshes, injecting A, B, C, D, E solid powder into a suspension mixer for fully mixing, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution, and packaging and warehousing the powder.
Example 5
Taking 100 parts of industrially mined magnesite, adding 100 parts of calcium chloride and 30 parts of silicon iron compound, and calcining at 200 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain Mg O.
Grinding and sieving 150 parts by weight of Mg O by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder A, grinding and sieving 350 parts by weight of KMnO4 modified activated carbon by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder B, grinding and sieving 250 parts by weight of montmorillonite by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder C, grinding and sieving 200 parts by weight of weathered coal by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder D, grinding and sieving 200 parts by weight of sodium phosphate by using a ball mill to obtain fixed powder E, controlling the sieved granularity to be below 200 meshes, injecting A, B, C, D, E solid powder into a suspension mixer for fully mixing, stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution, and packaging and warehousing the powder.
In order to illustrate the practical application effect of the invention, the passivator prepared in the embodiment is applied to the heavy metal contaminated soil, ploughing is carried out to enable the passivator to be fully mixed with the soil, 600t of the composite material is added to each mu of soil, the effective content of chromium, cadmium, lead and arsenic in the heavy metal contaminated soil is reduced, and the specific results are shown in table 1:
the following conclusions were reached:
1. referring to example 1, the method for treating the soil polluted by heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Hg reduces the residual Cd by 94%, Pb by 93%, Cr by 98%, Cu by 97% and Hg by 90% compared with the control soil without the method after treatment;
2. referring to example 2, the method for treating the soil polluted by heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Hg reduces the residual Cd by 95%, Pb by 91%, Cr by 97%, Cu by 98% and Hg by 92% compared with the control soil without the method after treatment;
3. referring to example 3, the method for treating the soil polluted by heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Hg reduces the residual Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Hg by 97%, 99% and Hg by 95% after the treatment compared with the control soil without the method;
4. referring to example 4, after the soil polluted by heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Hg is treated by the method, compared with the control soil without the method, the residual Cd in the soil is reduced by 95%, Pb is reduced by 91%, Cr is reduced by 97%, Cu is reduced by 98% and Hg is reduced by 92%;
5. referring to example 5, the method for treating the soil polluted by heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu and Hg reduces the residual Cd in the soil by 95%, Pb by 92%, Cr by 94%, Cu by 96% and Hg by 89% compared with the control soil without the method.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that: the passivator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
50-150 parts of Mg O;
50-350 parts of KMnO4 modified activated carbon;
50-250 parts of clay mineral;
100-200 parts of humic acid;
50-200 parts of phosphate.
2. The farmland passivating agent for treating soil heavy metal pollution and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the farmland passivating agent comprises the following components: the clay mineral is one of sepiolite, attapulgite, montmorillonite, palygorskite, zeolite, vermiculite, bentonite, diatomaceous earth and kaolin.
3. The farmland passivating agent for treating soil heavy metal pollution and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the farmland passivating agent comprises the following components: the humic acid is one of peat, lignite or weathered coal.
4. The farmland passivating agent for treating soil heavy metal pollution and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the farmland passivating agent comprises the following components: the phosphate is one of phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate, apatite, phosphate rock, inorganic phosphate fertilizer and bone charcoal.
5. The farmland passivating agent for treating soil heavy metal pollution and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the farmland passivating agent comprises the following components: the passivator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
100 parts of Mg O;
200 parts of KMnO4 modified activated carbon;
150 parts of clay mineral;
150 parts of humic acid;
and 125 parts of phosphate.
6. The farmland passivating agent for treating soil heavy metal pollution and the preparation method thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the farmland passivating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the preparation method of the passivator comprises the following steps:
and grinding and sieving Mg O, KMnO4 modified activated carbon, clay mineral, humic acid and phosphate according to the weight parts, and then injecting into a suspension mixer for mixing and stirring to obtain the passivating agent.
7. The farmland passivating agent for treating soil heavy metal pollution and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 6, wherein the farmland passivating agent comprises the following components: the preparation method of the Mg O comprises the following steps: taking 30-100 parts of industrially mined magnesite, adding 30-100 parts of calcium chloride, adding 10-30 parts of silicon iron compound, and calcining at 200-800 ℃ for 5-20 hours to obtain Mg O.
8. The farmland passivating agent for treating soil heavy metal pollution and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 6, wherein the farmland passivating agent comprises the following components: the grinding machine is a ball mill, and the screened granularity is controlled below 200 meshes.
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| CN112029508A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-04 | 常熟理工学院 | Thallium and arsenic contaminated soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112142061A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Modified molecular sieve for reducing heavy metal absorption of crops and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114806591A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-29 | 安庆师范大学 | Farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution and preparation method thereof |
| CN115232627A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-10-25 | 浙江中地净土科技有限公司 | Soil improvement composite material applied to clay soil heavy metal pollution |
| CN116376555A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-07-04 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | White mica-based calcium-magnesium loaded heavy metal passivator and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN112029508A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-04 | 常熟理工学院 | Thallium and arsenic contaminated soil remediation agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112142061A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Modified molecular sieve for reducing heavy metal absorption of crops and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115232627A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-10-25 | 浙江中地净土科技有限公司 | Soil improvement composite material applied to clay soil heavy metal pollution |
| CN114806591A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-07-29 | 安庆师范大学 | Farmland passivator for treating soil heavy metal pollution and preparation method thereof |
| CN116376555A (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-07-04 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | White mica-based calcium-magnesium loaded heavy metal passivator and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116376555B (en) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-11-24 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院 | White mica-based calcium-magnesium loaded heavy metal passivator and preparation method and application thereof |
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