CN111363112A - Low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111363112A CN111363112A CN201811588125.5A CN201811588125A CN111363112A CN 111363112 A CN111363112 A CN 111363112A CN 201811588125 A CN201811588125 A CN 201811588125A CN 111363112 A CN111363112 A CN 111363112A
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- parts
- low
- temperature
- resistant polyurethane
- polyurethane foam
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4829—Polyethers containing at least three hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/147—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon and halogen atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
- C08J2203/142—Halogenated saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H3C-CF3
- C08J2203/144—Perhalogenated saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. F3C-CF3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and solves the technical problem that the existing material often generates abnormal changes such as cracking, deformation, stickiness, discoloration and the like when used in a low-temperature environment. The invention provides a low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of polyol, 25-35 parts of polyisocyanate, 0.5-2 parts of catalyst, 3-5 parts of foam stabilizer and 2-4 parts of foaming agent. According to the low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foaming material provided by the invention, 4-7 functional polyether polyol with moderate and slightly high functionality and moderate viscosity is selected and matched with a corresponding amount of polyisocyanate, and a formula grope and a performance test prove that the low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foaming material obtained by adopting the formula and the method provided by the invention has good low-temperature resistance and can be used for preparing cold-proof and warm-keeping materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polyurethane materials, in particular to a low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Polyurethane (PU) is an abbreviation for Polyurethane, and any polymeric compound containing many repeating-NH-CO-O-groups in the main polymer chain is collectively referred to as Polyurethane. In general, PU is obtained by reacting a di-or polyvalent organic isocyanate with a polyol compound (polyether polyol or polyester polyol). Polyurethane foam accounts for a large proportion of polyurethane. The polyurethane foam can be classified into flexible, semi-rigid and rigid polyurethane foams according to the kind of raw materials used and the formulation, and can be classified into polyester type, polyether type and castor oil type according to the kind of polyol used. The rigid polyurethane foam plastic in the prior art has a very clear structure unlike PE and PP, has uneven product quality, and often generates abnormal changes such as cracking, deformation, stickiness, discoloration and the like when used in a low-temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of polyol, 25-35 parts of polyisocyanate, 0.5-2 parts of catalyst, 3-5 parts of foam stabilizer and 2-4 parts of foaming agent.
Preferably, the functionality of the polyol is 4-7, the relative mass is less than or equal to 1200, the viscosity is 9-11 Pa.s/25 ℃, the hydroxyl value is 400-500 mgKOH/g, the acid value is less than 0.5mgKOH/g, and the water content is less than 0.12%.
Preferably, the polyisocyanate has an isocyanate content of 30%, a viscosity of 1.8-2.2 Pa.s/25 ℃, a total chlorine content of less than 0.8% and a flash point of more than 200 ℃.
Preferably, the catalyst is an amine or an organotin compound.
Preferably, the foam stabilizer is an organosilicone.
Preferably, the blowing agent is F11, with a boiling point of 23 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material, which comprises the following steps: weighing the components in parts by weight, quickly and uniformly mixing in a high-speed stirrer, quickly pouring into a mold preheated to 50-80 ℃, closing the mold, curing, demolding, then placing the mold at room temperature for curing for 48-72 hours, and processing into the required sample size.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the viscosity of the polyol is too high, and the polyol is not beneficial to fast mixing with other components in the reaction process, so that the uniformity of the product is poor, and the mechanical property at low temperature is influenced; the polyol with low functionality has low crosslinking density of the final product, few crosslinking points and impossible improvement of strength; polyols with too high a functionality, on the one hand, have too dense crosslinking points, increase hardness and at the same time increase brittleness too much, but rather make it impossible to achieve an improvement in mechanical properties at low temperatures. Meanwhile, the strength of the foam is improved and the rigidity is increased along with the increase of the using amount of the polyisocyanate; after reaching a certain degree, excessive polyisocyanate does not participate in chain crosslinking reaction or form an open branched chain, so that no obvious contribution is made to the strength, therefore, the low-temperature resistant polyurethane foaming material provided by the invention selects 4-7 functional polyether polyol with medium and slightly high functionality and moderate viscosity, is matched with a corresponding amount of polyisocyanate, and is proved by formula grope and performance test, and the low-temperature resistant polyurethane foaming material obtained by adopting the formula and the method provided by the invention has good low-temperature resistance and can be used for preparing cold-proof and warm-keeping materials.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of polyol, 25-35 parts of polyisocyanate, 0.5-2 parts of catalyst, 3-5 parts of foam stabilizer and 2-4 parts of foaming agent. The polyisocyanate is polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, the content of isocyanic acid radical is 30%, the viscosity is 1.8-2.2 Pa.s/25 ℃, the total chlorine content is less than 0.8%, the flash point is more than 200 ℃, and the polyisocyanate is purchased from Tantawa polyurethane GmbH. The polyol is polyether polyol, has the functionality of 4-7, the relative mass of less than or equal to 1200, the viscosity of 9-11 Pa.s/25 ℃, the hydroxyl value of 400-500 mgKOH/g, the acid value of less than 0.5mgKOH/g and the water content of less than 0.12 percent, and is purchased from Fushun optimized polyurethane Co. The catalyst adopts triethanolamine or triethylene diamine or dibutyltin dilaurate or stannous octoate, and has the function of promoting the reaction between isocyanate groups and hydroxyl groups, namely promoting the growth of polymer chains; the foam stabilizer adopts silicone oil or dimethyl silicone oil, plays a role of an emulsifier, reduces the surface tension of a foaming system to ensure that the foam is stable and uniform, and has the function of a nucleating agent; the foaming agent is F11, the boiling point is 23 ℃, and the foaming agent is a commercial product. Besides, the low-temperature resistant polyurethane foam material can also contain a cell opening agent, a reinforcing agent, a mildew preventive and the like.
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
Taking 80-100 parts of polyol, 25-35 parts of polyisocyanate, 0.5-2 parts of triethanolamine, 3-5 parts of silicone oil and 112-4 parts of F, quickly and uniformly mixing in a high-speed stirrer, quickly pouring into a mold preheated to 50 ℃, closing the mold, curing, demolding, then placing the mold at room temperature for curing for 48 hours, and processing into the required sample size.
Example 2
Taking 80-100 parts of polyol, 25-35 parts of polyisocyanate, 0.5-2 parts of triethylene diamine, 3-5 parts of silicone oil and 112-4 parts of F, quickly and uniformly mixing in a high-speed stirrer, quickly pouring into a mold preheated to 60 ℃, closing the mold, curing, demolding, then placing the mold at room temperature for curing for 56 hours, and processing into the required sample size.
Example 3
Taking 80-100 parts of polyol, 25-35 parts of polyisocyanate, 0.5-2 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate, 3-5 parts of simethicone and 112-4 parts of F, quickly and uniformly mixing in a high-speed stirrer, quickly pouring into a mold preheated to 70 ℃, closing the mold, curing, demolding, then placing the mold at room temperature for curing for 64 hours, and processing into the required sample size.
Example 4
Taking 80-100 parts of polyol, 25-35 parts of polyisocyanate, 0.5-2 parts of stannous octoate, 3-5 parts of simethicone and 112-4 parts of F, quickly and uniformly mixing in a high-speed stirrer, quickly pouring into a mold preheated to 80 ℃, closing the mold, curing, demolding, then placing the mold at room temperature for curing for 72 hours, and processing into the required sample size.
Low temperature resistance test
The samples prepared by the methods of examples 1 to 4 are taken, processed into a sample size of 300mm × 300mm × 30mm, the sample is adjusted in a state of not less than 4 hours according to the 23/50 standard environment type regulation of GB2918, the sample is placed in a low-temperature box with the temperature fluctuation of not more than +/-2 ℃ in the test environment, the timing is started after the temperature is adjusted to-40 ℃ and kept constant for 0.5 hour, the instrument panel mask is taken out after 4 hours, the sample is placed for 0.5 hour, and the surface of the sample is checked to have abnormal changes such as cracking, deformation, stickiness, discoloration and the like.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: it is to be understood that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof, but such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of polyol, 25-35 parts of polyisocyanate, 0.5-2 parts of catalyst, 3-5 parts of foam stabilizer and 2-4 parts of foaming agent.
2. The low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyol has a functionality of 4 to 7, a relative mass of 1200 or less, a viscosity of 9 to 11Pa.s/25 ℃, a hydroxyl value of 400 to 500mgKOH/g, an acid value of less than 0.5mgKOH/g, and a water content of less than 0.12%.
3. The low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate has an isocyanate group content of 30%, a viscosity of 1.8-2.2 Pa.s/25 ℃, a total chlorine content of less than 0.8%, and a flash point of more than 200 ℃.
4. The low temperature resistant polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is an amine or an organotin compound.
5. The low temperature resistant polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the foam stabilizer is an organosilicone.
6. The low temperature resistant polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein the blowing agent is F11 and has a boiling point of 23 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the low temperature resistant polyurethane foam material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: weighing the components in parts by weight, quickly and uniformly mixing in a high-speed stirrer, quickly pouring into a mold preheated to 50-80 ℃, closing the mold, curing, demolding, then placing the mold at room temperature for curing for 48-72 hours, and processing into the required sample size.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811588125.5A CN111363112A (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2018-12-25 | Low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811588125.5A CN111363112A (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2018-12-25 | Low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111363112A true CN111363112A (en) | 2020-07-03 |
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| CN201811588125.5A Pending CN111363112A (en) | 2018-12-25 | 2018-12-25 | Low-temperature-resistant polyurethane foam material and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150025164A1 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2015-01-22 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyurethane rigid foams |
| CN106279605A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-01-04 | 南宁可煜能源科技有限公司 | A kind of polyurethane foam heat insulation material |
| CN106750094A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 上海东大聚氨酯有限公司 | A kind of environment protection pipe polyurethane raw material composition and its application method |
| CN107177028A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-19 | 合肥华凌股份有限公司 | Combined polyether, polyurethane foam and its preparation method and application |
| CN108148166A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-12 | 江苏雅克科技股份有限公司 | Polyurethane heat-insulation composite material |
-
2018
- 2018-12-25 CN CN201811588125.5A patent/CN111363112A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150025164A1 (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2015-01-22 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polyurethane rigid foams |
| CN106279605A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-01-04 | 南宁可煜能源科技有限公司 | A kind of polyurethane foam heat insulation material |
| CN106750094A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 上海东大聚氨酯有限公司 | A kind of environment protection pipe polyurethane raw material composition and its application method |
| CN108148166A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-12 | 江苏雅克科技股份有限公司 | Polyurethane heat-insulation composite material |
| CN107177028A (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-09-19 | 合肥华凌股份有限公司 | Combined polyether, polyurethane foam and its preparation method and application |
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Application publication date: 20200703 |