CN111362888B - Production method and production system for propylene oxide by caustic soda saponification method - Google Patents
Production method and production system for propylene oxide by caustic soda saponification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111362888B CN111362888B CN201811592626.0A CN201811592626A CN111362888B CN 111362888 B CN111362888 B CN 111362888B CN 201811592626 A CN201811592626 A CN 201811592626A CN 111362888 B CN111362888 B CN 111362888B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/04—Compounds containing oxirane rings containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/24—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by splitting off HAL—Y from compounds containing the radical HAL—C—C—OY
- C07D301/26—Y being hydrogen
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for producing propylene oxide by a caustic soda saponification method, wherein the production method comprises the following steps: (1) an ion membrane step; (2) A chloropropanol step of reacting chlorine gas, propylene and water to generate chloropropanol, wherein the chlorine gas is the chlorine gas generated in the step (1); (3) A saponification step of reacting chloropropanol with the NaOH solution produced in step (1) to produce propylene oxide and NaCl; (4) treating the solution generated in the step (3); (5) Separating the solution from which the biochemical metabolites are removed in the step (4) into a NaCl solution and water, and concentrating the NaCl solution; (6) The concentrated NaCl solution formed in step (5) is supplied to the ionic membrane process in step (1). The invention overcomes the defects that the existing production method of propylene oxide by a chlorohydrination method pollutes the environment and simultaneously wastes water resources, and provides a production method and a production system of propylene oxide by a caustic soda saponification method, which do not generate waste residues and waste liquid and can recycle resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of propylene oxide production. In particular to a method and a system for producing epoxypropane by a caustic soda saponification method.
Background
Propylene oxide is an important basic chemical raw material, and is mainly used for producing polyether polyol, a surfactant, propylene carbonate and propylene glycol. The chlorohydrin method is the most important production method for preparing the epoxy propylene, and the traditional chlorohydrin method adopts lime milk as a saponifying agent to carry out a saponification process, wherein the lime milk mainly contains CaO. The method has the advantages of less construction investment and low cost. After saponification Ca (OH) is formed2Due to Ca (OH)2Slightly soluble in water, so a large amount of waste residues and waste liquid can be generated, and direct discharge not only can pollute the environment, but also can cause a large amount of water in the waste liquid to be wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of environmental pollution and resource waste in the process of preparing the epoxypropane by a chlorohydrin method, and provides a method for producing the epoxypropane by a caustic soda saponification method, which basically does not generate waste residues and waste liquid.
The method for producing the propylene oxide by the caustic soda saponification method comprises the following steps:
(1) An ion membrane process, wherein a NaCl solution is electrolyzed to generate chlorine, hydrogen and a NaOH solution;
(2) A chloropropanol step in which chlorine gas, propylene and water are reacted to produce chloropropanol, wherein the chlorine gas is the chlorine gas produced in step (1);
(3) A saponification step in which chloropropanol is reacted with the NaOH solution produced in step (1) to produce propylene oxide and NaCl;
(4) Performing biochemical treatment on the solution generated in the step (3), and then removing biochemical metabolites in the solution after the biochemical treatment;
(5) Separating the solution from which the biochemical metabolites are removed in the step (4) into a NaCl solution and water, and concentrating the NaCl solution;
(6) And (3) supplying the concentrated NaCl solution formed in the step (5) to the ionic membrane process in the step (1), or enabling the concentrated NaCl solution to enter a steam crystallization process for further concentration or crystallization and supplying the concentrated NaCl solution to the ionic membrane process in the step (1).
Preferably, the water separated from the NaCl solution in step (5) is supplied to step (2).
Preferably, in the step (3), the chloropropanol solution and the NaOH solution are mixed with clean water according to a set proportion, the mixed solution is sprayed into the saponification tower from the top of the saponification tower, steam is introduced into the bottom of the saponification tower, the temperature and the pressure in the tower are increased by the steam, the mixed solution is subjected to propylene oxide evaporation at the top of the saponification tower, the propylene oxide steam is condensed to obtain crude propylene oxide, and the crude propylene oxide is further rectified to obtain a finished product of the propylene oxide.
Preferably, the solution generated in step (3) is subjected to biochemical treatment by using a biological membrane, and the biological membrane is inoculated by using an SEM microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the step (4) of removing the high salt biochemical metabolites comprises: treating the biochemical solution with a surfactant to enable the surfactant to react with biochemical metabolites, then wrapping reactants generated by the reaction of the surfactant and the biochemical metabolites with polymeric hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, adding an inorganic coagulant into the solution to enable the wrapped reactants to be precipitated, and separating the precipitate from the solution.
Preferably, the solution is separated into a NaCl solution and water by a homogeneous membrane in step (5), and the NaCl solution is concentrated by an electrodialysis method in step (5).
Preferably, the TDS of the concentrated NaCl solution obtained in the step (5) is more than or equal to 180000mg/L, and the TOC is less than or equal to 7mg/L.
Preferably, the content of chloride ions in the water obtained in the step (5) is less than 50mg/L.
The invention also provides a caustic soda saponification method epoxypropane production system, which comprises ionic membrane equipment for electrolyzing the NaCl solution to generate chlorine, hydrogen and the NaOH solution, chlorohydrination equipment for generating chlorine and propylene by electrolyzing the NaCl solution and carrying out water-alcoholysis reaction to generate chloropropanol, a saponification tower for generating epoxypropane by saponifying NaOH and chloropropanol, brine biochemical equipment for biochemically treating wastewater generated by saponification reaction and brine recycling equipment for recycling the biochemically treated wastewater, wherein the brine recycling equipment comprises impurity removal equipment for removing biochemical metabolites in the biochemically treated solution, separation equipment for separating the biochemically treated solution into the NaCl solution and water and concentration equipment for concentrating the NaCl solution or crystallization equipment for crystallizing the NaCl solution, and the concentration equipment or the crystallization equipment is connected with the ionic membrane equipment to supply the concentrated NaCl solution or NaCl crystals to the ionic membrane equipment.
Preferably, the brine recycling device is also connected with a chlorohydrination device so as to supply water separated from the NaCl solution to the chlorohydrination device.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the system for producing the epoxypropane by the caustic soda saponification method have the following beneficial effects:
1. the method and the system for producing the propylene oxide by the caustic soda saponification method can treat the wastewater generated by the saponification, the treated wastewater is separated into the NaCl solution and the water, and the NaCl solution is concentrated or crystallized and then supplied to the ionic membrane process, so that the zero emission of waste residues is basically realized, the environmental pollution is avoided, the recycling of the NaCl is realized, and the production cost is reduced.
2. The method and the system for producing the propylene oxide by the caustic soda saponification method can recycle water, thereby saving a large amount of water resources.
3. The method and the system for producing the propylene oxide by the caustic soda saponification method of the invention remove biochemical metabolites in the solution after biochemical treatment by using the surfactant, the polymeric cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and the inorganic precipitator after biochemical treatment, and further purify the water quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a process for producing propylene oxide by soda-lime saponification according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a process for producing propylene oxide by soda saponification according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, the process comprises the following steps:
(1) The ion membrane process, through which the NaCl solution is electrolyzed to produce chlorine, hydrogen and NaOH solution, in the process, the direct current is adopted to electrolyze the NaCl solution, wherein the produced hydrogen can be collected and utilized as a byproduct of the invention, and simultaneously, the redundant NaOH (remained after the saponification process is finished) can be utilized additionally.
(2) And (2) a chloropropanol step, in which chlorine, propylene and water are reacted to generate chloropropanol, wherein the chlorine is the chlorine generated in the step (1), and in the embodiment, the water is clear water generated through a reverse osmosis step.
(3) A saponification step in which chloropropanol is reacted with the NaOH solution produced in step (1) to produce propylene oxide and NaCl; in the step, chloropropanol solution, naOH solution and clean water are mixed according to a set proportion, the mixed solution is sprayed into a saponification tower from the top of the saponification tower, steam is introduced into the bottom of the saponification tower, the pressure of the steam can be 0.3-0.54MP, in the embodiment, the steam is 0.4MP steam, the temperature and the pressure in the tower are increased by the steam, the mixed solution epoxypropane is evaporated from the top of the saponification tower to form epoxypropane steam, the epoxypropane steam is condensed to obtain crude epoxypropane, and the crude epoxypropane is further rectified to obtain a finished epoxypropane product.
(4) Biochemically treating the solution generated in the step (3), wherein in this embodiment, biochemically treating the solution generated in the step (3) adopts a biofilm, the biofilm is inoculated by an SEM microbial inoculum, the SEM microbial inoculum comprises dozens or even hundreds of functional microbial strains with different metabolic types, including salt-tolerant bacteria, halophilic archaea, salt-tolerant yeast, halophilic yeast, salt-tolerant micro-animals and halophilic micro-animals, has abundant organic matter degradation microbial chains, and can remove organic matters in the solution when the solution passes through the biofilm.
After biochemical treatment, biochemical metabolites are removed from the solution after biochemical treatment. The method specifically comprises the following steps: treating the solution after biochemical treatment by using a surfactant to enable the surfactant to react with biochemical metabolites, then wrapping reactants generated by the reaction of the surfactant and the biochemical metabolites by using polymeric hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, adding an inorganic coagulant into the solution to enable the wrapped reactants to be precipitated, and separating the precipitate from the solution to further purify the water quality.
(5) Separating the solution from which the biochemical metabolites are removed in the step (4) into a NaCl solution and water, and concentrating the NaCl solution. In this example, the solution was separated into a NaCl solution and water by a homogeneous membrane, and the NaCl solution was concentrated by an electrodialysis method. In this example, the TDS (total solid dissolved content) of the obtained concentrated NaCl solution is more than or equal to 180000mg/L, and TOC (organic matter) is less than or equal to 7mg/L.
(6) And (3) supplying the concentrated NaCl solution formed in the step (5) to the ionic membrane process in the step (1), or enabling the concentrated NaCl solution to enter a steam crystallization process for further concentration or crystallization and supplying the concentrated NaCl solution to the ionic membrane process in the step (1).
The method for producing the propylene oxide by the caustic soda saponification method can treat the wastewater generated by the saponification, the treated wastewater is separated into NaCl solution and water, and the NaCl solution is concentrated or crystallized and then supplied to the ionic membrane process, so that the zero emission of waste residues is basically realized, the pollution to the environment is avoided, the recycling of NaCl is realized, and the production cost is reduced.
In the embodiment, the content of chloride ions in the water obtained in the step (5) is less than 50mg/L. And (3) supplying the water formed in the step (5) to the step (2) and/or the step (1), so that the water can be recycled, and water resources are saved.
By taking an annual 8 ten thousand tons/year epoxy propane production device and a matched 13.5 ten thousand tons/year ionic membrane caustic soda device as an example, the annual production time is 8000h, and the production and operation cost can be saved as follows:
1. production and operation cost for material recovery and saving
(1) And (3) clear water recovery: 350t of process water can be recycled every hour, the total amount of the recycled clear water is 280 ten thousand t/year, the price of the production process water (primary desalted water) is 3.0 yuan/t, and 840 yuan of water can be saved every year;
(2) Recovering salt: the industrial salt is recycled for 20t per hour, the total amount of the industrial salt recycled for one year is 16 ten thousand t/year, the price of the sea salt is 230 yuan/t, and the sea salt purchase cost can be saved by 3680 yuan each year;
(3) Slag dehydration: the running cost of a lime filter pressing workshop of the traditional chlorohydrin method can be saved by about 1000 ten thousand yuan each year;
(4) Slag disposal: according to the traditional soda-burning saponification method, 16 ten thousand tons of saponification slag are generated every year when 2t of saponification slag is generated every 1 ton of propylene oxide, the disposal cost of each ton is not less than 50 yuan, and the disposal cost of the saponification slag can be saved by not less than 800 ten thousand yuan every year;
(5) Propylene raw material: the consumption of propylene can be reduced by alkali saponification, according to 15kg/t.PO, in the invention, PO refers to propylene oxide, 1200t of propylene can be saved each year, and the price of propylene is 7000 yuan/t, 840 ten thousand yuan of raw material can be saved;
the total production cost is saved by 7160 ten thousand yuan per year.
2. Reduced emission and saved tax
(1) Water pollutant discharge tax
The method is characterized in that the method is calculated according to the current first-class A emission standard COD (chemical oxygen demand) being less than or equal to 50mg/l, the conversion is about 15mg/l of TOC, the discharge amount of the TOC is 60000kg, the equivalent weight of the TOC pollution is 60000/0.49=122449, the tax amount of the water pollutants per equivalent weight is calculated according to the central standard of 'environmental protection tax list', and the discharge tax of the water pollutants is required to be paid according to 85.7 ten thousand yuan per year.
(2) Discharge tax of solid waste
According to the method, the total amount of annual solid wastes is calculated according to 16 ten thousand t based on 2t saponified slag produced by 1t PO production, the environmental protection tax of the solid wastes is 25 yuan/t according to the standard of smelting slag, fly ash, furnace slag and other solid wastes (including semi-solid and liquid wastes) in the environmental protection tax list, and the annual solid waste discharge tax is 400 yuan.
In another embodiment, the method for producing propylene oxide by caustic saponification comprises steps (1) to (5), and in this embodiment, as a preferable mode, water separated from the NaCl solution is sent to the chloropropanol step and/or the ionic membrane step.
The invention also provides a caustic soda saponification method propylene oxide production system, which comprises ionic membrane equipment for electrolyzing the NaCl solution to generate chlorine, hydrogen and the NaOH solution, chlorohydrination equipment for making the electrolyzed NaCl solution generate chlorine and propylene and performing hydroalcoholic reaction to generate chloropropanol, a saponification tower for making NaOH and chloropropanol perform saponification reaction to generate propylene oxide, brine biochemical equipment for performing biochemical treatment on wastewater generated by the saponification reaction, and brine recycling equipment for recovering the wastewater after the biochemical treatment, wherein the brine recycling equipment comprises impurity removal equipment for removing biochemical metabolites in the solution after the biochemical treatment, separation equipment for separating the solution after the impurity removal treatment into the NaCl solution and water, and concentration equipment for concentrating the NaCl solution or crystallization equipment for crystallizing the NaCl solution, and the concentration equipment or the crystallization equipment is connected with the ionic membrane equipment to supply the concentrated NaCl solution or NaCl crystals to the ionic membrane equipment.
In the embodiment, the saline biochemical equipment adopts a biological membrane for biochemical treatment, the biological membrane is inoculated by an SEM microbial inoculum, the separation equipment separates the solution into a NaCl solution and water through a homogeneous membrane, and the concentration equipment concentrates the NaCl solution by an electrodialysis technology.
The system for producing the propylene oxide by the caustic soda saponification method can recycle NaCl, avoid pollution and greatly save the production cost of the propylene oxide.
In this embodiment, the brine recycling device is further connected to a chlorohydrination device and/or an ionic membrane device to supply water separated from the NaCl solution to the chlorohydrination device and/or the ionic membrane device, thereby realizing recycling of water.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for producing the propylene oxide by the caustic soda saponification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) An ion membrane process, wherein a NaCl solution is electrolyzed to generate chlorine, hydrogen and a NaOH solution;
(2) A chloropropanol step in which chlorine gas, propylene and water are reacted to produce chloropropanol, wherein the chlorine gas is the chlorine gas produced in step (1);
(3) A saponification step in which chloropropanol is reacted with the NaOH solution produced in step (1) to produce propylene oxide and NaCl;
(4) Performing biochemical treatment on the solution generated in the step (3), wherein the biochemical treatment adopts a biological membrane to perform biochemical treatment on organic pollutants in the solution, and the biological membrane is inoculated by adopting an SEM microbial inoculum; and then removing biochemical metabolites from the biochemically treated solution, including: treating the solution after biochemical treatment by using a surfactant to enable the surfactant to react with biochemical metabolites, then wrapping reactants generated by the reaction of the surfactant and the biochemical metabolites by using polymeric hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, adding an inorganic coagulant into the solution to precipitate the wrapped reactants, and separating the precipitate from the solution;
(5) Separating the solution from which the biochemical metabolites are removed in the step (4) into a NaCl solution and water, and concentrating the NaCl solution;
(6) And (2) supplying the concentrated NaCl solution formed in the step (5) to the ionic membrane process in the step (1), or enabling the concentrated NaCl solution to enter a steam crystallization process for further concentration or crystallization and supplying the concentrated NaCl solution to the ionic membrane process in the step (1).
2. The method for producing propylene oxide by soda saponification according to claim 1, wherein the water separated from the NaCl solution in step (5) is supplied to step (2).
3. The method for producing propylene oxide by soda saponification according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), chloropropanol solution and NaOH solution are mixed with clean water according to a set ratio, the mixed solution is sprayed into the saponification column from the top of the saponification column, steam is introduced into the bottom of the saponification column, the steam raises the temperature and pressure in the column, so that propylene oxide in the mixed solution is evaporated from the top of the saponification column to obtain propylene oxide steam, the propylene oxide steam is condensed to obtain crude propylene oxide, and the crude propylene oxide is further rectified to obtain a finished product of propylene oxide.
4. The method for producing propylene oxide by soda saponification according to claim 1, wherein the solution is separated and concentrated by a homogeneous membrane electrodialysis process in step (5) to obtain a concentrated NaCl solution and water.
5. The method for producing propylene oxide by soda saponification according to claim 1, wherein the concentrated NaCl solution obtained in step (5) has TDS of 180000mg/L or more and TOC of 7mg/L or less.
6. The method for producing propylene oxide by soda saponification according to claim 1, wherein the content of chloride ions in the water obtained in step (5) is less than 50mg/L.
7. The method for producing propylene oxide by soda-saponification according to claim 1, wherein the SEM inoculum includes halotolerant bacteria, halophilic archaea, halotolerant yeast, halophilic yeast, halotolerant microfauna and halophilic microfauna.
8. A caustic soda saponification method for producing epoxypropane, characterized in that epoxypropane is produced by the caustic soda saponification method for producing epoxypropane according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the production system comprises an ionic membrane device for electrolyzing a NaCl solution to produce chlorine, hydrogen and a NaOH solution, a chlorohydrination device for performing chlorohydrination reaction of chlorine and propylene produced by electrolyzing the NaCl solution to produce chloropropanol, a saponification tower for performing saponification reaction of NaOH and chloropropanol to produce epoxypropane, a brine biochemical device for performing biochemical treatment on waste water produced by saponification reaction, and a brine recycling device for recycling waste water produced by biochemical treatment, wherein the brine biochemical device performs biochemical treatment on organic pollutants in the solution by using a biomembrane, the biomembrane is inoculated by using a microbial inoculum, and the brine recycling device comprises an impurity removal device for removing biochemical metabolites in the biochemically treated solution, a separation device for separating the biochemically treated solution into a NaCl solution and water, and a concentration device for concentrating the NaCl solution or a crystallizing device for crystallizing NaCl, wherein the concentration device or the crystallization device is connected with the ionic membrane device to supply the NaCl solution or the concentrated crystallizing solution to the ionic membrane device.
9. The system for producing propylene oxide by soda saponification according to claim 8, wherein the brine recycling device is further connected with a chlorohydrination device to supply water separated from the NaCl solution to the chlorohydrination device.
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| US5486627A (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1996-01-23 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for producing epoxides |
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