CN111360284A - Two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method - Google Patents
Two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111360284A CN111360284A CN201910177905.9A CN201910177905A CN111360284A CN 111360284 A CN111360284 A CN 111360284A CN 201910177905 A CN201910177905 A CN 201910177905A CN 111360284 A CN111360284 A CN 111360284A
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- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B5/36—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning specially-shaped surfaces by making use of relative movement of the tool and work produced by geometrical mechanisms, i.e. forming-lathes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method, wherein a horn is provided with a small end and two large ends, the first large end and the second large end are distributed along the horizontal direction of the horn and form a certain included angle with each other, and the two large ends are respectively provided with a group of reflection ends, piezoelectric ceramic plates and copper electrodes; the small end is used as a transmitting end, and a cutter is arranged at the center of the outer end of the small end. The two groups of ceramic plates respectively generate mutually compounded two-dimensional vibration under the excitation of a high-frequency electric signal of an ultrasonic generator, and the two groups of longitudinal vibration forces at the first and second large ends are compounded through a special structure of an amplitude transformer, wherein the forces in the vertical direction are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction and are mutually offset, and the vibration directions in the horizontal direction are the same and are compounded to obtain the force to generate the two-dimensional vibration. When the vibration is transmitted along the horizontal direction of the amplitude transformer main body, two-dimensional composite vibration is finally obtained at the output end.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic vibration machining devices, and particularly relates to a two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration cutting method suitable for turning or boring machining of difficult-to-machine materials.
Background
The method is developed aiming at the anti-fatigue manufacturing problems of difficult-to-machine materials such as nickel-based high-temperature alloy, ultrahigh-strength steel, intermetallic compounds, titanium alloy, particle-reinforced composite materials and the like in the fields of aerospace national defense, high-end equipment manufacturing and the like, at present, the machinability of the materials is poor, particularly, the precision machining of the materials has very low efficiency and high cost, the parts are seriously machined and hardened, the residual tensile stress which is obvious in the machined surface is remained, the service life of the parts is seriously influenced, the key which restricts the wide application of the materials in the fields of aerospace and automobile engines is formed, and the method also becomes one of the key technical problems which greatly pushes the weight to be stronger than the development of. At present, the common amplitude transformer adopts the transducer and the split type design of the amplitude transformer, the transducer is connected with the amplitude transformer through bolts, the ultrasonic vibration has great loss in the transmission process, and ideal amplitude can not be obtained at the transmitting end, so that the actual processing effect is influenced, and the further popularization of the ultrasonic processing technology is hindered. The traditional processing method can not adapt to the processing of the parts and needs subsequent surface modification, a large number of researches show that the multidimensional ultrasonic processing can enable the surface of the processed part to obtain larger residual compressive stress, the surface can form a nanocrystalline structure with good fatigue resistance and the like, and in order to better improve the processing performance of difficult-to-process materials, a two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method needs to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method is reasonable in design, reduces the space occupation ratio, performs horizontal elliptical ultrasonic vibration auxiliary turning along the feeding direction of the cutter, is good in vibration effect, and can effectively improve the two-dimensional component ratio output by the transmitting end.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method comprises the following steps:
a. the amplitude transformer is designed into a dart shape, one end of the amplitude transformer in the horizontal direction is designed into a small end, the other end of the amplitude transformer radiates outwards and is respectively designed into a first large end and a second large end, a group of reflection ends, piezoelectric ceramic plates and copper electrodes are respectively arranged at the first large end and the second large end, and the structural size of the amplitude transformer meets the design requirement of half-wavelength;
b. the small end is used as a transmitting end, a cutter head is arranged at the center of the outer end of the small end, the two groups of piezoelectric ceramic plates respectively generate longitudinal vibration forming an angle with each other under the excitation of a high-frequency electric signal of an ultrasonic generator, and two lines of waves meet and are superposed at a junction to generate two-dimensional composite vibration;
c. the frequency, the phase and the amplitude of the input signals of the two groups of piezoelectric ceramic plates are controlled so as to control the working in a longitudinal vibration state or a two-dimensional composite vibration state.
In the two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method, the parameters of the first big end and the second big end comprise the section size, the included angle α between the two big ends and the horizontal distance between the first big end and the second big end, and the two-dimensional component ratio is obtained by adjusting the parameters.
In the two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method, the front end structure of the amplitude transformer is rectangular, cylindrical or catenary; according to the processing requirement, the cutter is a turning tool or a boring tool; the amplitude transformer is arranged on the machine tool through a fixing plate of the horizontal adjusting device.
In the two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method, the two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method comprises a machine tool clamping device, a workpiece, a horizontal adjusting device, a turning device, an ultrasonic generator and a cable, and is characterized in that: the two reflecting ends of the amplitude transformer forming an angle with each other are respectively controlled by an ultrasonic generator, and the ultrasonic generator can set the frequency and the phase of a high-frequency electric excitation signal according to the requirements of an actual processing technology; the turning device is a core component of the invention, and comprises a turning tool, a tool head, a first large end, a second large end, a reflecting end, a piezoelectric ceramic piece, a copper electrode and an amplitude transformer, and is characterized in that: the amplitude transformer is in a dart shape as a whole, one end of the amplitude transformer in the horizontal direction is designed to be a small end, the other end of the amplitude transformer is radiated outwards and is respectively designed to be a first large end and a second large end, and the first large end and the second large end are respectively provided with a group of reflection ends, piezoelectric ceramic pieces and copper electrodes; the whole size of the amplitude transformer is designed according to the 'half-wavelength' rule, a cutter is arranged at the center of the outer end part of the transmitting end, the two groups of piezoelectric ceramic plates respectively generate longitudinal vibration forming an angle with each other under the excitation of a high-frequency electric signal of the ultrasonic generator, and two lines of waves meet and are superposed at a junction to generate two-dimensional composite vibration.
In the two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method, the turning device inputs corresponding high-frequency electric excitation signals from an ultrasonic generator, and the signals are transmitted by a horn and then appear as elliptical vibration tracks along the feeding direction at the tool tip of the turning tool, so that the elliptical ultrasonic turning auxiliary processing in the horizontal direction is realized; the center of the end faces of the first large end and the second large end of the amplitude transformer is provided with a threaded hole, the two groups of reflection ends, the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the copper electrode are connected in series through connecting bolts respectively, and the connecting bolts are connected with the threaded holes in a screwing mode.
In the two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method, each group of the reflection end, the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the copper electrode respectively comprises even piezoelectric ceramic pieces and copper electrodes which are distributed at intervals in a staggered manner, the longitudinal polarization directions of the contact surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic pieces are opposite, and the piezoelectric ceramic pieces are bonded by a special adhesive after being purified and are subjected to aging treatment; each contact surface and the circumferential surface are finely ground to meet the requirements of roughness and run-out.
The bottom of the amplitude transformer is provided with a threaded mounting hole, and the mounting hole is fixedly connected with a fixing plate at the top of the horizontal adjusting device by bolts.
The shape of the section of the small end of the amplitude transformer is rectangular, cylindrical or catenary according to different use scenes, and the cutter is a turning tool or a boring tool.
And calculating pretightening force according to the area of the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the cross-sectional area of the connecting bolt, and applying the pretightening force through a torque measuring wrench to further ensure that the contact surfaces are tightly attached.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts a two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method, and can form continuous surface microtexture on the surface of a part, thereby obviously improving the processed surface quality and the friction performance of the part.
The invention adopts an integrated dart-shaped structural design, simplifies the connecting structure between the transducer and the amplitude transformer, directly superposes a group of vibrations forming an angle with each other to generate two-dimensional composite vibration, greatly increases the output amplitude of the transmitting end and simultaneously improves the two-dimensional component ratio.
The invention carries out integrated design on the transducer part, can reduce the loss in the ultrasonic transmission and superposition processes under the condition of ensuring good modal superposition effect, and ensures that the ideal amplitude is obtained at the transmitting end.
The amplitude transformer is connected with the fixing plate at the top of the horizontal adjusting device through bolts, and the bolt holes are formed in the fixing plate at the bottom of the horizontal adjusting device and can be conveniently connected with a machine tool; the horizontal adjusting device can adjust the relative position of the turning tool arranged at the transmitting end and the workpiece through the adjusting hole of the bottom fixing plate.
The ultrasonic processing system has reasonable design, adopts the design of the amplitude transformer with a dart-shaped structure, and two lines of waves meet and are superposed at the junction, so that two-dimensional composite vibration can be obtained, the application range of the ultrasonic processing system is expanded, the ultrasonic processing system is easy to popularize and implement, and good economic benefits are achieved.
The two groups of piezoelectric ceramic plates work simultaneously, so that the output two-dimensional vibration has enough energy, and the piezoelectric ceramic plates can be used in processing occasions with higher requirements on output power.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the turning device shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 shows a front view of the horn.
Fig. 4 shows a top view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 shows a left side view of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of fig. 3.
Fig. 7 shows a mode diagram of the horn.
Detailed Description
Example (b): referring to fig. 1-7, there are shown 1-machine tool clamping, 2-workpiece, 3-leveling, 4-turning, 5-sonotrode, 6-cable; 3-1 fixing bolts, 3-2 horizontal adjusting device top fixing plates and 3-3 horizontal adjusting device bottom fixing holes; the device comprises a turning tool 4-1, a tool head 4-2, a horn 4-3, a first large end 4-4, a transducer A4-5, a transducer B4-6 and a second large end 4-7.
A two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method comprises an ultrasonic generator 5, a cable 6, a turning device 4 and a horizontal adjusting device 3. The turning device 4 comprises a turning tool 4-1, a tool head 4-2, a horn 4-3, a first large end 4-4, a transducer A4-5, a transducer B4-6 and a second large end 4-7. The transmission of the high-frequency electric excitation signal is divided into two routes, wherein one route is an ultrasonic generator 5, a transducer A4-5 and a first large end 4-4; the other path is an ultrasonic generator 5, a transducer B4-6 and a second big end 4-7. The middle parts of the front end and the rear end of the amplitude transformer 4-3 are designed into square sections, the rear end is designed into a dart shape, and a first large end 4-4 and a second large end 4-7 are designed in the horizontal direction.
When the device works, the ultrasonic generator 5 generates corresponding high-frequency electric excitation signals according to the requirements of a cutting process, and the high-frequency electric excitation signals are input into the transducers A4-5 and B4-6 of the turning device 4 after being processed by the cable 6. The two groups of transducers respectively generate mutually parallel longitudinal vibration under the excitation of a high-frequency electric signal of the ultrasonic generator, and the two groups of horizontal vibration forces at the first large end 4-4 and the second large end 4-7 are compounded through the special structure of the amplitude transformer 4-3. The vibration forces with equal size in the vertical direction and opposite directions are mutually offset, and the vibration forces in the horizontal direction are overlapped in the same direction to obtain a two-dimensional vibration resultant force.
The tool bit 4-2 is mounted in the center of the launch tip (shown in fig. 2) and a two-dimensional compound vibration is obtained at the tip. The tool can be a turning tool or a boring tool according to different processing requirements. The bottom of the amplitude transformer is connected with a fixed plate 3-2 at the top of a horizontal adjusting device of the horizontal adjusting device 3 through a fixed bolt 3-1; the horizontal adjusting device 3 can be fixedly connected with a machine tool through a bottom fixing hole 3-3 of the horizontal adjusting device.
The front end structure of the amplitude transformer 4-3 can be in various forms such as rectangle, taper, column and catenary, the parameters of the first large end 4-4 and the second large end 4-7 comprise the section size, the included angle α between the two large ends and the horizontal distance from a bifurcation point, and the proper two-dimensional vibration amplitude can be obtained by adjusting the parameters.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the amplitude transformer is designed into a dart shape, one end of the amplitude transformer in the horizontal direction is designed into a small end, the other end of the amplitude transformer is respectively designed into a first large end and a second large end by radiating towards the outside, a group of reflection ends, piezoelectric ceramic plates and copper electrodes are respectively arranged at the first large end and the second large end, and the structural size of the amplitude transformer meets the design requirement of half-wavelength.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the first and second ends include cross-sectional dimension, angle α between the two ends, and horizontal distance between the first and second ends, and the two-dimensional component ratio is obtained by adjusting the parameters.
3. The two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the amplitude transformer is arranged on the machine tool through a fixing plate of the horizontal adjusting device.
4. A two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method comprises a machine tool clamping device, a workpiece, a horizontal adjusting device, a turning device, an ultrasonic generator and a cable, and is characterized in that: the two reflecting ends of the amplitude transformer forming an angle with each other are respectively controlled by an ultrasonic generator, and the ultrasonic generator can set the frequency and the phase of a high-frequency electric excitation signal according to the requirements of an actual processing technology; the turning device is a core component of the invention, and comprises a turning tool, a tool head, a first large end, a second large end, a reflecting end, a piezoelectric ceramic piece, a copper electrode and an amplitude transformer, and is characterized in that: the amplitude transformer is in a dart shape as a whole, one end of the amplitude transformer in the horizontal direction is designed to be a small end, the other end of the amplitude transformer is radiated outwards and is respectively designed to be a first large end and a second large end, and the first large end and the second large end are respectively provided with a group of reflection ends, piezoelectric ceramic pieces and copper electrodes; the overall size of the amplitude transformer is designed according to the 'half wavelength' rule; the center of the outer end part of the transmitting end is provided with a cutter, the two groups of piezoelectric ceramic pieces respectively generate longitudinal vibration forming an angle with each other under the excitation of a high-frequency electric signal of the ultrasonic generator, and two lines of waves meet and are superposed at a junction to generate two-dimensional composite vibration.
5. The two-dimensional included angle type double-excitation elliptical ultrasonic vibration turning method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: each group of the reflection end, the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the copper electrode respectively comprises even piezoelectric ceramic pieces and copper electrodes which are distributed at intervals in a staggered mode, and the longitudinal polarization directions of the adjacent piezoelectric ceramic pieces are opposite.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108435522A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-24 | 广州市科普超声电子技术有限公司 | A kind of ultrasound transducer means, wire bonding and ultrasonic welding system |
| CN113477496A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-08 | 深圳市青鼎装备有限公司 | Double-excitation longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration device |
| CN113634474A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-12 | 深圳市特力威科技有限公司 | Multi-dimensional ultrasonic vibration head and machine tool with same |
| CN117066917A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-17 | 山东理工大学 | Combined dual-mode multi-frequency vibration auxiliary processing device |
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| CN109226782A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 河南理工大学 | Double-excitation ultrasonic longitudinal-torsional composite cutting method and device with torsional vibration secondary amplification function |
| CN109225790A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 河南理工大学 | Novel bending-twisting composite vibration ultrasonic cutting method and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108435522A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-24 | 广州市科普超声电子技术有限公司 | A kind of ultrasound transducer means, wire bonding and ultrasonic welding system |
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| CN113634474A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-12 | 深圳市特力威科技有限公司 | Multi-dimensional ultrasonic vibration head and machine tool with same |
| CN113634474B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-06-23 | 深圳市特力威科技有限公司 | Multidimensional ultrasonic vibration head and machine tool with same |
| CN117066917A (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-11-17 | 山东理工大学 | Combined dual-mode multi-frequency vibration auxiliary processing device |
| CN117066917B (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2023-12-19 | 山东理工大学 | Combined dual-mode multi-frequency vibration auxiliary processing device |
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