CN111359425A - Biological material for degrading formaldehyde and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents
Biological material for degrading formaldehyde and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111359425A CN111359425A CN202010077569.3A CN202010077569A CN111359425A CN 111359425 A CN111359425 A CN 111359425A CN 202010077569 A CN202010077569 A CN 202010077569A CN 111359425 A CN111359425 A CN 111359425A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/58—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/95—Specific microorganisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2257/7027—Aromatic hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/704—Solvents not covered by groups B01D2257/702 - B01D2257/7027
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
- B01D2259/4508—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for cleaning air in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
The invention provides a biological material for metabolizing formaldehyde and a preparation and use method thereof, the biological material is prepared by adopting chemical materials and microorganisms capable of metabolizing formaldehyde as raw materials, can efficiently remove formaldehyde in air and water, has low preparation cost, convenient maintenance, no operation cost, simple and convenient operation, wide application range and no secondary pollution, and is a new generation of biological formaldehyde removal material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new materials, in particular to a biological material for degrading formaldehyde and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
The formaldehyde can denature protein, has carcinogenic, teratogenic and disabling effects, and can influence human health when the formaldehyde in the air exceeds standard, and the formaldehyde in the indoor air cannot be effectively treated at present.
At present, 2 main treatment methods are available, one is an oxidation removal method which mainly comprises methods such as catalytic oxidation, plasma oxidation, high-temperature combustion oxidation, ozone oxidation and the like, and the methods have the advantages of high energy consumption, extremely high equipment cost, large occupied area, secondary pollution and poor practicability. The second method is an adsorption method. The adsorption method needs corresponding adsorbents such as attapulgite, activated carbon and the like. The most common method is activated carbon adsorption, which is also a common method for removing formaldehyde in households. The adsorption method is divided into natural adsorption and forced adsorption, wherein the natural adsorption method is to arrange an adsorption medium in a room and contact the adsorption medium through natural flow of air to realize limited-efficiency adsorption. The method has no effect on over-standard formaldehyde or the effect is small and can be ignored, the main reasons are that the air flow is limited, the contact amount of the active carbon (or other adsorption media, hereinafter referred to as active carbon) to the air is small, the contact area is small, and the contact probability of the formaldehyde and the active carbon is very small. The shallow contact may be repelled by the saturated layer on the surface of the activated carbon, and the adsorption reaction may not be sufficiently performed. Therefore, the formaldehyde removal effect of the natural adsorption method is very limited. The passive adsorption means that formaldehyde in the air enters an activated carbon chamber filled with activated carbon in a forced ventilation mode, an adsorption reaction occurs in the activated carbon chamber, the air can be in relatively complete contact with the activated carbon, and the activated carbon filters the air and adsorbs organic molecules such as formaldehyde in the air. The method has the defects that the adsorption effect of the activated carbon can be saturated, the saturated activated carbon can not continuously adsorb formaldehyde, and can release formaldehyde to the air to form a pollution source and cause secondary pollution, and the activated carbon needs to be replaced regularly, so that the activated carbon becomes a consumable material, the demand is high, the activated carbon is expensive, and great resource waste is caused. It can be seen that both of the above prior art methods are not ideal for the removal of formaldehyde from air.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biological material capable of degrading formaldehyde and a preparation method and a use method thereof, which can overcome the defects of the prior art.
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a biological material capable of degrading formaldehyde in air, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a formaldehyde degrading bacterium fermentation liquor, and carrying out liquid culture on a formaldehyde degrading strain, wherein the formula of a culture medium is as follows: yeast powder 10g/L, peptone 20g/L, and glucose 20 g/L. Will be provided withPichia pastorisInoculating into culture medium according to 3-5% inoculum size, culturing at 30 deg.C under aeration or shaking table at 200r/min, terminating fermentation when thallus concentration reaches OD600 value of 1.5, centrifuging fermentation liquid at 3000-4000rpm for 6-15min, discarding supernatant, and diluting with PBS solution until OD600 value is 1.0.
2. Weighing Sodium Alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) according to the mass fractions of 1-2% and 2-6%, dissolving in deionized water, stirring in a water bath at constant temperature of 90 ℃ for 4h, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min, and cooling to form an immobilized matrix for later use.
3. Uniformly mixing the liquids in the step 1 and the step 2 according to the volume ratio or the mass ratio of about 1:1, and dripping the mixed liquid to 1-4% of CaCl at a constant speed2And (3) after the solution is solidified for 4-12h, transferring the solution into a 4% boric acid solution for solidification for 4-12h to form a solid state, washing the solid state with a PBS solution, and storing the solid state in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
Preferably, the formaldehyde degrading strain in the step 1 is one strainPichia pastorisThe preservation number of the strain in the China general microbiological culture Collection center is CGMCC number 2.5688.
Preferably, the immobilization medium in step 2 is mainly sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the sodium alginate in the step 2 is 1-2% and the polyvinyl alcohol is 2-6% respectively according to mass fraction.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the biological material prepared by the method, which is characterized in that the material can degrade formaldehyde.
The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the above biomaterial, specifically comprising: when the biological material is applied to removing formaldehyde in air, the biological material is placed in a vessel containing water or an aqueous solution, so that the biological material keeps biological activity.
Preferably, when removing formaldehyde in wastewater, the biological material provided by the invention is directly thrown into the water to be treated.
The technical scheme provided by the invention utilizes the degradation effect of microorganisms on formaldehyde to prepare the biological material capable of removing formaldehyde in air and water, and 20g of the biological material can remove 0.486m in 24h30.22 mg/m in space3The formaldehyde is reduced to the national standard, namely 0.1 mg/m3In the following, 20g of the material can degrade 70mg/L formaldehyde in the solution to 5mg/L within 24 h.
The biological material has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, convenient maintenance, no operation cost, simple and convenient operation, wide application range, no harmful components of human bodies, suitability for application in a closed air environment, and capability of degrading formaldehyde while absorbing the formaldehyde, thereby not generating an adsorption saturation effect and effectively avoiding secondary pollution of the formaldehyde. The biological material provided by the invention is a new generation biological formaldehyde removing material, and formaldehyde is completely removed by using the metabolic function of a living body on formaldehyde, and is converted into pollution-free normal biological tissues and excrement, so that the biological material can be used as a new generation formaldehyde removing agent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are presented to assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any manner.
The strains used in the following examples were:Pichia pastoristhe preservation number of the microorganism is CGMCC number 2.5688.
The reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available.
The formulation of the formaldehyde degradation medium used in the following examples was as follows: 10g/L of yeast powder, 20g/L of peptone and 20g/L of glucose.
Example 1 preparation of biomaterial 1
Preparing formaldehyde degrading bacteria fermentation liquor, and liquid culturing the formaldehyde degrading bacteriaPichia pastorisThe formula of the culture medium is as follows: yeast powder 10g/L, peptone 20g/L, and glucose 20 g/L. Will be provided withPichia pastorisInoculating into culture medium according to 3-5% inoculum size, culturing at 30 deg.C under aeration or shaking table at 200r/min, terminating fermentation when thallus concentration reaches OD600 value of about 1.5, centrifuging fermentation liquid at 3000-4000rpm for 6-15min, discarding supernatant, diluting with PBS solution until OD600 value is 1.0, and forming microbial inoculum.
Weighing Sodium Alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) according to the mass fractions of 1-2% and 2-6%, dissolving in deionized water, stirring in a water bath at constant temperature of 90 ℃ for 4h, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min, and cooling to form an immobilized matrix for later use.
Uniformly mixing the microbial inoculum and the immobilized matrix according to the volume ratio or the mass ratio of about 1:1, and uniformly dripping the mixture to 1-4% of CaCl2And (3) transferring the solution into a 4% boric acid solution after solidification for 4-12h, and then solidifying for 4-12h to form a solid state, namely the finished product of the biological material.
EXAMPLE 2 Formaldehyde degradation experiment in air
Experiment for treating formaldehyde in air inside the cabinet body. The tested cabinet body is a cuboid iron sheet cabinet body for office work, and has a length of 90cm, a width of 45cm, a height of 120cm and a volume of 0.486m3. 40g of the biomaterial prepared in example 1 was placed in a dish containing about 100ml of drinkable purified water, the diameter of the dish being 150 mm. And putting the processing vessel into the cabinet body. And (3) sucking 10 mu L of formaldehyde solution with the concentration of 10000mg/L by using a liquid transfer gun, placing the formaldehyde solution on the tin foil paper, transferring the formaldehyde solution into a cabinet body, and placing the tin foil paper on an electric heating plate to heat to 100 ℃. The inside adopts the gas sampling machine to carry out gas sample collection. The sampling method refers to a method of national standard GBT 18883-. The model of the gas sampling machine is as follows: NTC-805. The cabinet body is totally enclosed by rubberized fabric or rubber sealing strips. After waiting about 10min, the formaldehyde solution was totally evaporated. And opening a power supply of the sampler to sample air in the cabinet body. The sampling flow rate is set as: 333.3ml/min, the sampling time is: 30min, the sampling volume is: 10L, room temperature 25 ℃. The air in the cabinet was treated with the biomaterial obtained in example 1, and air samples were taken every 4 h. The total time of collection was 24 h. Meanwhile, a blank control group 1 is arranged, the patent material is not placed in the cabinet body, and other operations are the same as those of the treatment group. And (3) measuring and calculating the formaldehyde concentration of 7 samples of 0h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 16h, 20h and 24 h. The formaldehyde concentration of the liquid sample is measured by adopting a method of acetylacetone spectrophotometry GB/T15516-1995 for measuring formaldehyde in air quality. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Formaldehyde change in the cabinet
| Concentration of formaldehyde in air (mg/m)3） | 0h | 4h | 8h | 12h | 16h | 20h | 24h |
| Blank control group | 0.224 | 0.218 | 0.211 | 0.199 | 0.197 | 0.188 | 0.183 |
| Treatment group | 0.224 | 0.153 | 0.137 | 0.119 | 0.096 | 0.083 | 0.069 |
Experimental data show that the biological material provided by the invention has strong effects of absorbing and degrading formaldehyde in air, and the formaldehyde degradation rate of the material (the concentration of formaldehyde is about 2 times of that of the national standard for indoor air quality, namely the concentration is 0.224 mg/m)3For the contaminant gas) are: 0.0136 mg/h.kg. The dosage of 20g can be 0.486m within 16h3The formaldehyde in the indoor air in the space, which is about 2 times of the national standard, is reduced to below the national standard.
EXAMPLE 3 Formaldehyde degradation experiments in liquids
40g of the biomaterial produced in example 1 was put into 20L of a 70mg/L formaldehyde solution, and the water temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. Detecting the change of the concentration of formaldehyde, wherein the concentration of the formaldehyde in the solution is determined by adopting the national environmental protection standard: the results of the measurement by the method of acetylacetone spectrophotometry for measuring formaldehyde in water HJ 601-2011 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Formaldehyde concentration Change in solution
| Formaldehyde concentration (mg/L) | 0h | 12h | 24h |
| Blank control group | 72.4 | 71.9 | 72.5 |
| Treatment group | 71.3 | 26.2 | 0.4 |
The result proves that the biological material provided by the invention has a good degradation effect on formaldehyde in the solution.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of biological material for degrading formaldehyde is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. preparing a formaldehyde degrading bacterium fermentation liquid, culturing a formaldehyde degrading strain in a liquid, finishing the fermentation when the concentration of thalli reaches about 1.5 of an OD600 value, centrifuging the fermentation liquid at 3000-4000rpm for 6-15min, discarding supernatant, and diluting the supernatant by using a PBS solution until the OD600 value is 1.0 for later use. b. Weighing Sodium Alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) according to the mass fractions of 1-2% and 2-6%, dissolving in deionized water, stirring in a water bath at constant temperature of 90 ℃ for 4h, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min, and cooling for later use. c. Uniformly mixing a and b according to the volume ratio or the mass ratio of about 1:1, and uniformly dripping to 1-4% of CaCl2And (3) after the solution is solidified for 4-12h, transferring the solution into a 4% boric acid solution for solidification for 4-12h to form a solid state, washing the solid state with a PBS solution, and storing the solid state in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.
2. The method for preparing a biomaterial for degrading formaldehyde as claimed in claim 1, wherein the immobilized material is based on sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol.
3. The method for preparing a biological material for degrading formaldehyde according to claim 1, wherein the formaldehyde degrading strain is a strainPichia pastorisThe preservation number of the strain in the China general microbiological culture Collection center is CGMCC number 2.5688.
4. A biomaterial for degrading formaldehyde, characterized in that it is produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. A method for using the biological material to purify formaldehyde in air as claimed in claim 4, wherein the biological material is placed in a vessel containing water (or aqueous solution).
6. A method for using the biological material to purify formaldehyde in water as claimed in claim 4, wherein the biological material is thrown into water to be treated.
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| CN2019108347569 | 2019-09-05 | ||
| CN201910834756.9A CN110479083A (en) | 2019-09-05 | 2019-09-05 | A kind of biological method and bioreactor handling pernicious gas |
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| CN110026060A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-07-19 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | A kind of biomaterial and its making and use method of degradation of formaldehyde |
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| CN101270364A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2008-09-24 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for improving plant absorption and tolerance methanal, plant expression vector and application |
| CN101307294A (en) * | 2008-06-02 | 2008-11-19 | 南京工业大学 | Pichia yeast for rapid utilizing industrial methanol and uses thereof |
| CN106701630A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-24 | 北京林业大学 | Immobilized preparation and application of algicidal bacterium microspheres |
| CN107460188A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-12 | 江南大学 | A kind of compound immobilization method and its application of nitrilase producing strains mutant |
| CN110026060A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-07-19 | 甘肃省科学院生物研究所 | A kind of biomaterial and its making and use method of degradation of formaldehyde |
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