CN111353177A - Block chain-based privacy large file storage system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a block chain-based privacy large file storage system, which consists of block chain link points, wherein a file system is integrated into the block chain link points, the storage and the verification of files are finished in the nodes, after the files are uploaded to the storage system, the description information of the files is recorded in a block chain public account book, the file contents are stored in the file system connected with the nodes, and the transmission of the files among the nodes is carried out through a p2p link; descriptive data of the file is stored in all nodes in a public mode, and the content of the file is stored in a designated node, so that the fact that the file cannot be tampered in a block chain system is guaranteed, and privacy of the file is guaranteed; the method and the device can avoid single point faults of the block chain nodes, ensure that the malicious nodes cannot steal the privacy files, and save the storage space of the nodes. The scheme for transmitting the files among the block chains can efficiently and stably realize the sharing of the files among the nodes, and can not cause the blocking of transaction broadcasting among the nodes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of block chains, and particularly relates to a block chain-based privacy large file storage system.
Background
The blockchain technology is a decentralized distributed book technology, can safely store various data, and is characterized in that the data stored on the blockchain cannot be forged and falsified. Each node on the block chain maintains a public ledger, all transactions are stored after being identified by each node, and any node is invalid for tampering the ledger maintained by the node.
In the block chain, just because each node can hold one same account book, if the file is directly stored in the account book, storage redundancy is wasted. Moreover, in the file storage block chain, the privacy cannot be well guaranteed. There are some current practices to store a file in another file system and then record the hash value of the file in the blockchain. This undoubtedly separates the file system from the blockchain, does not guarantee consistency well, and is not conducive to user management. In addition, all nodes access the file system, which is definitely centralized, and it is difficult to avoid a single point of failure and malicious modification of the file system. Therefore, the file system is embedded into the blockchain system for management, and the method has great application value.
In addition, in the current blockchain system, only transaction data is generally transmitted between nodes, and the data volume is small. However, as more and more data types are stored on blockchains, larger files need to be supported for transfer between nodes. Therefore, the method has important significance for efficiently and stably transmitting the large files among the nodes and not influencing the transmission of the original transaction data as far as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a block chain-based private large file storage system aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a privacy big file storage system based on a block chain is composed of four or more block chain nodes, wherein each block chain node is accessed into a file system; after the file is uploaded to a storage system, the description information of the file is recorded in a blockchain public account book, the content of the file is stored in a file system connected with nodes, and the transmission of the file between the nodes is carried out through a p2p link; each node is configured with a stability score and a standard transmission rate value, and the stability score is updated after each file transmission.
Further, the transmission of the file between the nodes comprises file uploading and file downloading through a p2p link.
Further, the file uploading comprises the following steps:
(1.1) calculating a hash value of the file to obtain a file hash;
(1.2) uploading the file to a target node, and constructing a block chain transaction of a file uploading type, wherein the transaction comprises description information and a transaction signature of the file; the description information comprises a file name, file hash, user-defined file description, a storable node list, a downloadable user list and a file storage position list; the file storage position list is a target node list uploaded by the file at the time;
(1.3) the target node receives the file and the transaction, and firstly verifies the transaction constructed in the step (1.2), including verifying the legality of the description information and the correctness of a transaction signature; the validity of the verification description information is specifically to recalculate the hash value of the file, and if the hash value of the file is consistent with the hash value of the file in the transaction, the uploading is considered to be legal; otherwise, the uploading is illegal and fails;
and (1.4) the verification is passed, the target node saves the file into a connected file system, then the transaction is broadcasted and written into a public ledger of the block chain, and meanwhile, the target node sends the file to other target nodes in the file storage position list.
Further, the target node in step (1.4) sends the file to other target nodes in the file storage location list, and includes the following sub-steps:
(1.4.1) the target node sends a handshake request to other target nodes in the file storage position list, wherein the handshake request comprises a transaction and a file segmented transmission scheme;
(1.4.2) after the other target nodes receive the handshake request, verifying the legality of the description information of the transaction and the correctness of the transaction signature in the handshake request by adopting the method in the step (1.3); if the verification is passed, the handshake is successful, and other target nodes send the file segmented transmission scheme to the target nodes; if the verification fails, refusing to receive the file, and failing to handshake;
(1.4.3) the target node sends the file to other target nodes according to the segmented transmission scheme, after the other target nodes receive the file in a segmented mode, the hash value of the file is calculated and compared with the hash value of the file in the transaction, if the hash value of the file is consistent, the file is successfully transmitted, and if the hash value of the file is not consistent, the file is failed to be transmitted;
(1.4.4) other target nodes update the stability score of the target node.
Further, the file downloading comprises the following steps:
(2.1) inquiring the description information of the file from any node according to the hash value of the file;
(2.2) constructing a block chain transaction of a file downloading type, wherein the transaction comprises a hash value and a transaction signature of the file, and sending the transaction to a node with the highest stability score in a storable node list in the description information of the file, wherein the node is a target node of the current downloading;
(2.3) after the target node receives the transaction, firstly verifying the correctness of the transaction signature in the transaction; then inquiring the description information of the file in the block chain public account book according to the hash value of the file in the transaction, confirming that the user requesting downloading is in a downloadable user list and the target node is in a storable node list, otherwise, the file downloading is failed;
(2.4) the target node starts to acquire the file, and whether the file exists in the connected file system or not is checked according to the hash value of the file; if yes, directly transmitting the file stream to the user through the interface reply; and if the file does not exist, the target node acquires the file from other nodes in the storable node list and then sends the file to the user.
Further, the step (2.4) of the target node obtaining the file from other nodes in the storable node list and sending the file to the user includes the following substeps:
(2.4.1) selecting a node with the highest stability score from other nodes except the target node in the storable node list, and sending a handshake request to the node by the target node, wherein the handshake request comprises a hash value of the file;
(2.4.2) the node receiving the handshake request inquires description information of the file in the blockchain public account book according to the hash value of the file, confirms that the target node is in the storable node list and the file exists in a file system connected with the node, and then the handshake is successful, otherwise, rejects the handshake request and fails, and the target node selects the node with the highest stability score from the nodes which are not accessed in the storable node list to send the handshake request again until the handshake is successful;
(2.4.3) the node with successful handshake sends the file segmentation transmission scheme to the target node, and then sends the file to the target node according to the segmentation transmission scheme;
(2.4.4) after receiving the file, the target node calculates the hash value of the file, compares the hash value with the hash value of the file in transaction, if the file transmission is successful, transmits the file stream to the user through an interface reply, and simultaneously stores the file stream in a connected file system as a cache; if the data is inconsistent, the file transmission is failed, and the node with the highest stability score is selected from other nodes which are not accessed in the storable node list again to obtain the file until the file is successfully received;
and (2.4.5) updating the stability scores of all the nodes accessed in the file downloading process by the target node.
Further, the sending of the file according to the segmented transmission scheme involves the receiving side and the sending side of the file, and comprises the following sub-steps:
(a1) after the handshake of the receiver and the sender is successful, the sender sends the subfiles one by one according to a segmented transmission scheme; the segmentation scheme comprises the size of a file, the number of sub-files formed by segmenting the file into sub-files, and the size and the number of each sub-file;
(a2) the receiver stores the received subfiles one by one, maintains an array and stores the numbers of the received subfiles, and records the numbers in the array when receiving one subfile; traversing the array when the file is sent overtime or the receiver receives the last file, if the missing number exists in the array and indicates that the subfile is not received, sending the missing subfile number to the sender, and sending the corresponding subfile again by the sender until the receiver completely collects all the files; the file transmission overtime refers to that the preset transmission time is reached but the last file is not received, and if the file transmission overtime or the missing sub-file exceeds three times, the file transmission fails.
Further, the stability score of the node ranges from 0 to 10, and is updated through the following method:
(b1) if the handshake between the file sender node and the receiver node fails, the stability score is not updated;
(b2) if the handshake between the file sender node and the file receiver node is successful but the file transmission fails, the receiver node updates the stability score of the sender node to the original value minus 1 and the minimum value minus 0;
(b3) if the handshake between the file sender node and the file receiver node is successful and the file transmission is successful, the stability score of the file sender node is increased by the file receiver node, and the maximum value of the stability score is not more than 10, wherein the value is the transmission rate divided by the standard transmission rate value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the block chain-based large-privacy file storage system, the file system is integrated into each block chain node, and the storage and verification of files are completed in the nodes, so that the problems of single-point failure and malicious modification of the file system caused by file chain external storage in the prior art can be solved, the files can not be tampered, and the real management of the files in the block chain is realized. The authority management scheme provided by the invention can avoid single point failure of the block chain node, ensure that a malicious node cannot steal the private file and save the storage space of the node. The scheme for transmitting the files among the block chains can efficiently and stably realize the sharing of the files among the nodes, and can not cause the blocking of transaction broadcasting among the nodes. .
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block chain based block architecture diagram of a big file management system for privacy;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an uploading scheme of a block chain-based private big file management system for providing a private big file;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a downloading scheme for providing a private large file by a block chain-based private large file management system;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a file transmission scheme between nodes in a block chain-based private large file management system.
Detailed Description
The architecture of the block chain-based privacy big file storage system is shown in fig. 1, the storage system is composed of four or more block chain nodes, each block chain node needs to be accessed into one file system, and a plurality of block chain nodes can share the same file system. After the file is uploaded to the storage system, the description information of the file is recorded in the blockchain public ledger, and the content of the file is stored in the file system connected with the nodes. The transmission of files between nodes is via p2p links.
As shown in fig. 2, the scheme for providing an upload of a private large file by a block chain-based private large file management system of the present invention includes the following steps:
and (1.1) calculating the hash value of the uploaded file to obtain the file hash.
(1.2) uploading the file to an uploading target node, and simultaneously constructing a block chain transaction of a file uploading type, wherein the file uploading transaction comprises description information and a transaction signature of the uploaded file; the description information comprises a file name, file hash obtained in the step (1), a user-defined file description, a storable node list, a downloadable user list and a file storage position list; the file storage position list is a file storage target node list uploaded this time; the upload target node is a block link point 1 in this embodiment.
(1.3) the uploading target node receives the uploaded files and file uploading transactions, and firstly, the file uploading transactions constructed in the step (1.2) are verified, wherein the verification comprises the verification of the legality of the description information and the correctness of transaction signatures; the validity of the verification description information is specifically to recalculate the hash value of the uploaded file, and if the hash value is consistent with the file hash in the file uploading transaction, the uploading is considered to be legal; otherwise, the uploading is illegal and fails.
(1.4) the uploading target node saves the uploading file to a file system of the uploading target node;
(1.5) then, carrying out broadcast consensus on the file uploading transaction and writing the file uploading transaction into a block chain public account book; meanwhile, if the file is to be stored in multiple nodes, that is, the file storage location list of the uploaded file includes multiple target nodes, such as node 2 and node 3, the uploaded target node performs file transmission between nodes through a p2p link at the same time, and sends the uploaded file to other target nodes, specifically:
(1.5.1) the uploading target node sends an uploading handshake request to other target nodes, wherein the uploading handshake request comprises a file uploading transaction and a file transmission segmentation scheme.
(1.5.2) after receiving the uploading handshake request, other target nodes verify the legality of the description information in the file uploading transaction and the correctness of the transaction signature in the uploading handshake request by adopting the method in the step (1.3); if the verification is passed, the handshake is successful, and other target nodes send replies agreeing to handshake to the uploading target node; if the verification is not passed, the file is refused to be received.
(1.5.3) if the target node receives the reply of the refusal handshake, abandoning the file transmission, otherwise, uploading the target node and sending the file to other target nodes according to the segmented transmission scheme.
(1.5.4) after receiving the uploaded file by other target nodes, calculating the hash value of the file, comparing the hash value with the hash value of the uploaded file in the file uploading transaction, if the hash value is consistent, the other target nodes successfully receive the uploaded file, sending a reply that the file is uploaded successfully to the other target nodes, and if the hash value is not consistent, sending a reply that the file is uploaded unsuccessfully.
(1.5.5) the uploading target node receives the reply of successful or failed file uploading.
(1.6) the other target nodes update the stability score of the sender node.
As shown in fig. 3, the block chain-based private large file management system of this embodiment provides a downloading scheme for a private large file, including the following steps:
and (2.1) the user inquires description information of the downloaded file from any node through the hash value of the downloaded file.
And (2.2) constructing a block chain transaction of a file downloading type, wherein the file downloading transaction comprises a hash value and a transaction signature of the downloaded file, and sending the hash value and the transaction signature to the node which can store the highest stability score in the node list in the description information of the downloaded file obtained by querying in the step (2.1). In this embodiment, the download target node is node 1.
(2.3) after the downloading target node receives the file downloading transaction, firstly verifying the correctness of the transaction signature in the file downloading transaction; and then inquiring the description information of the downloaded file in the blockchain public account book according to the hash value of the downloaded file in the file downloading transaction, confirming that the user address is in the downloadable user list and the node (node 1) is in the storable node list, and otherwise, failing to download the file.
(2.4) starting to acquire the file by the downloading target node, and checking whether the file exists in the local file system or not according to the hash value of the downloaded file; if yes, directly transmitting the file stream to the user through the interface reply; if the node does not exist, selecting a node (node 2) with the highest stability score from other nodes except the downloading target node in the storable node list, and performing file transmission between the nodes through a p2p link to obtain a downloading file, specifically:
(2.4.1) the downloading target node sends a downloading handshake request to the selected other nodes; the downloading handshake request comprises a hash value of the downloading file;
(2.4.2) after the selected other nodes receive the downloading handshake request, inquiring the description information of the downloaded file in the block chain public account book according to the hash value of the downloaded file in the downloading handshake request, and confirming that the downloading target node is in the storable node list and the file exists in the file system of the node, so that the handshake is successful; and if not, refusing the downloading handshake request, and selecting the node with the highest stability score from other nodes except the downloading target node and the accessed node in the storable node list to send the downloading handshake request again until the handshake is successful.
(2.4.3) after the handshake is successful, the selected other nodes send the sectional transmission scheme of the downloaded file to the download target node, and then send the file to the download target node according to the sectional transmission scheme.
(2.5) after the downloading target node receives the downloaded file, calculating the hash value of the file, comparing the hash value with the hash value of the downloaded file in the file downloading transaction, if the hash value shows that the downloading target node successfully receives the downloaded file, replying the file through an interface, transmitting the file stream to a user, and simultaneously saving the file stream in a local file system as a cache; if the two nodes are not consistent, the file received by the downloading target node is wrong, the node with the highest stability score is selected from the nodes except the downloading target node and the node accessed by the file transmission in the step (2.4) in the storable node list, the file transmission between the nodes is carried out through the p2p link again, and the downloading file is obtained until the downloading target node successfully receives the downloading file.
And (2.6) updating the stability scores of the relevant nodes by the downloading target node according to the transmission rate and the success rate of the file transmission between the downloading target node and the relevant nodes.
In the block chain based private large file management system provided in this embodiment, a file transmission scheme between nodes is as shown in fig. 4, and is used for transmitting a file according to a segmented transmission scheme in step (1.5.3) and step (2.4.3), where two nodes are involved, and are respectively a receiver and a sender of the file, and the method includes the following sub-steps:
(a1) after the handshake of the receiver and the sender is successful, the sender sends the subfiles one by one according to a segmented transmission scheme; the segmentation scheme comprises the size of the file, the number of subfiles formed by segmenting the file, and the size and the number of each subfile.
(a2) The receiver stores the received subfiles one by one, maintains an array and stores the numbers of the received subfiles, and records the numbers in the array when receiving one subfile; because the data of the file may be lost due to network reasons in the transmission process, the receiver receives the last file or traverses the array when overtime happens, if the missing number exists in the array and indicates that the subfile is not received, the missing subfile number is sent to the sender, and the sender sends the corresponding subfile again until the receiver collects all the files. The overtime refers to that the preset transmission time is reached but the last file is not received, and if the overtime or the missing sub-file exceeds three times, the transmission fails. The transmission time is a configuration item in a node configuration file.
The stability score of the node has an initial value, and is updated according to the transmission rate and the success rate of each file transmission, specifically:
(b1) before each node is started, stability scores of other nodes are written into a configuration file in a self-defined mode, the highest score is 10, the lowest score is 0, and the numerical value of the stability score can be a decimal number. Meanwhile, a standard transmission rate value is written in the configuration file in a self-defined mode.
(b2) If the node of the file sender refuses the handshake request in the handshake phase, or the node of the file receiver refuses to receive the file in the handshake phase, the stability score is not updated in the file transmission.
(b3) If the handshake between the file sender node and the receiver node is successful and fails in the file transmission stage, the receiver node updates the value of the sender node to be the original value minus 1, but can only be minus 0 at least.
(b4) If the file transmission between the file sender node and the file receiver node is successful, the receiver node increases the stability score of the file sender node, and the increased value is the transmission rate divided by the standard transmission rate value in the configuration file; the highest score does not exceed 10. The transfer rate is the file size divided by the total time consumed in units of mega/sec.
Claims (8)
1. A big privacy file storage system based on a block chain is characterized by comprising at least four block chain nodes, wherein each block chain node is accessed into a file system; after the file is uploaded to a storage system, the description information of the file is recorded in a blockchain public account book, the content of the file is stored in a file system connected with nodes, and the transmission of the file between the nodes is carried out through a p2p link; each node is configured with a stability score and a standard transmission rate value, and the stability score is updated after each file transmission.
2. The blockchain-based private large file storage system of claim 1, wherein the transfer of files between nodes includes file upload and file download over a p2p link.
3. The blockchain-based private large file storage system of claim 2, wherein the file upload comprises the steps of:
(1.1) calculating a hash value of the file to obtain a file hash;
(1.2) uploading the file to a target node, and constructing a block chain transaction of a file uploading type, wherein the transaction comprises description information and a transaction signature of the file; the description information comprises a file name, file hash, user-defined file description, a storable node list, a downloadable user list and a file storage position list; the file storage position list is a target node list uploaded by the file at the time;
(1.3) the target node receives the file and the transaction, and firstly verifies the transaction constructed in the step (1.2), including verifying the legality of the description information and the correctness of a transaction signature; the validity of the verification description information is specifically to recalculate the hash value of the file, and if the hash value of the file is consistent with the hash value of the file in the transaction, the uploading is considered to be legal; otherwise, the uploading is illegal and fails;
and (1.4) the verification is passed, the target node saves the file into a connected file system, then the transaction is broadcasted and written into a public ledger of the block chain, and meanwhile, the target node sends the file to other target nodes in the file storage position list.
4. The blockchain-based private big file storage system according to claim 3, wherein the target node in step (1.4) sends the file to other target nodes in the file storage location list, comprising the sub-steps of:
(1.4.1) the target node sends a handshake request to other target nodes in the file storage position list, wherein the handshake request comprises a transaction and a file segmented transmission scheme;
(1.4.2) after the other target nodes receive the handshake request, verifying the legality of the description information of the transaction and the correctness of the transaction signature in the handshake request by adopting the method in the step (1.3); if the verification is passed, the handshake is successful; if the verification fails, refusing to receive the file, and failing to handshake;
(1.4.3) after the handshake is successful, the target node sends the file to other target nodes according to the segmented transmission scheme, after the other target nodes receive the file in segments, the hash value of the file is calculated and compared with the hash value of the file in the transaction, if the file is successfully transmitted, the file is unsuccessfully transmitted;
(1.4.4) other target nodes update the stability score of the target node.
5. The blockchain-based private large file storage system of claim 2, wherein the file download comprises the steps of:
(2.1) inquiring the description information of the file from any node according to the hash value of the file;
(2.2) constructing a block chain transaction of a file downloading type, wherein the transaction comprises a hash value and a transaction signature of the file, and sending the transaction to a node with the highest stability score in a storable node list in the description information of the file, wherein the node is a target node of the current downloading;
(2.3) after the target node receives the transaction, firstly verifying the correctness of the transaction signature in the transaction; then inquiring the description information of the file in the block chain public account book according to the hash value of the file in the transaction, confirming that the user requesting downloading is in a downloadable user list and the target node is in a storable node list, otherwise, the file downloading is failed;
(2.4) the target node starts to acquire the file, and whether the file exists in the connected file system or not is checked according to the hash value of the file; if yes, directly transmitting the file stream to the user through the interface reply; and if the file does not exist, the target node acquires the file from other nodes in the storable node list and then sends the file to the user.
6. The blockchain-based private big file storage system according to claim 5, wherein the target node in step (2.4) obtains the file from other nodes in the storable node list and sends the file to the user, and the method comprises the following sub-steps:
(2.4.1) selecting a node with the highest stability score from other nodes except the target node in the storable node list, and sending a handshake request to the node by the target node, wherein the handshake request comprises a hash value of the file;
(2.4.2) the node receiving the handshake request inquires description information of the file in the blockchain public account book according to the hash value of the file, confirms that the target node is in the storable node list and the file exists in a file system connected with the node, and then the handshake is successful, otherwise, rejects the handshake request and fails, and the target node selects the node with the highest stability score from the nodes which are not accessed in the storable node list to send the handshake request again until the handshake is successful;
(2.4.3) the node with successful handshake sends the file segmentation transmission scheme to the target node, and then sends the file to the target node according to the segmentation transmission scheme;
(2.4.4) after receiving the file, the target node calculates the hash value of the file, compares the hash value with the hash value of the file in transaction, if the file transmission is successful, transmits the file stream to the user through an interface reply, and simultaneously stores the file stream in a connected file system as a cache; if the data is inconsistent, the file transmission is failed, and the node with the highest stability score is selected from other nodes which are not accessed in the storable node list again to obtain the file until the file is successfully received;
and (2.4.5) updating the stability scores of all the nodes accessed in the file downloading process by the target node.
7. The blockchain-based private large file storage system according to claim 4 or 6, wherein the sending of the file according to the segmented transmission scheme involving a receiver and a sender of the file, comprises the sub-steps of:
(a1) after the handshake of the receiver and the sender is successful, the sender sends the subfiles one by one according to a segmented transmission scheme; the segmentation scheme comprises the size of a file, the number of sub-files formed by segmenting the file into sub-files, and the size and the number of each sub-file;
(a2) the receiver stores the received subfiles one by one, maintains an array and stores the numbers of the received subfiles, and records the numbers in the array when receiving one subfile; traversing the array when the file is sent overtime or the receiver receives the last file, if the missing number exists in the array and indicates that the subfile is not received, sending the missing subfile number to the sender, and sending the corresponding subfile again by the sender until the receiver completely collects all the files; the file transmission overtime refers to that the preset transmission time is reached but the last file is not received, and if the file transmission overtime or the missing sub-file exceeds three times, the file transmission fails.
8. The block chain based privacy big file storage system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the stability score of the node ranges from 0 to 10, and is updated by the following method:
(b1) if the handshake between the file sender node and the receiver node fails, the stability score is not updated;
(b2) if the handshake between the file sender node and the file receiver node is successful but the file transmission fails, the receiver node updates the stability score of the sender node to the original value minus 1 and the minimum value minus 0;
(b3) if the handshake between the file sender node and the file receiver node is successful and the file transmission is successful, the stability score of the file sender node is increased by the file receiver node, and the maximum value of the stability score is not more than 10, wherein the value is the transmission rate divided by the standard transmission rate value.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN112565219A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-26 | 中国船舶工业系统工程研究院 | Block chain-based offshore intelligent system communication method, system and storage medium |
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