CN111352764B - Chip repairing method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Chip repairing method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN111352764B CN111352764B CN202010230412.XA CN202010230412A CN111352764B CN 111352764 B CN111352764 B CN 111352764B CN 202010230412 A CN202010230412 A CN 202010230412A CN 111352764 B CN111352764 B CN 111352764B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0703—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation
- G06F11/0706—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment
- G06F11/0727—Error or fault processing not based on redundancy, i.e. by taking additional measures to deal with the error or fault not making use of redundancy in operation, in hardware, or in data representation the processing taking place on a specific hardware platform or in a specific software environment in a storage system, e.g. in a DASD or network based storage system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/0796—Safety measures, i.e. ensuring safe condition in the event of error, e.g. for controlling element
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D10/00—Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for repairing a chip, which comprise the following steps: transmitting the starting code in the ROM to the RAM; traversing fuses in the chip to obtain a preset code patch; and repairing the starting code in the RAM according to the preset code patch. The starting codes in the ROM are transmitted to the RAM, and the starting codes in the RAM are repaired through the preset code patches acquired from the fuse according to the characteristic that the codes in the RAM can be changed, so that the repairing process of the chip is realized, the waste of the chip is avoided, the production cost of the chip is saved, and the production efficiency of the chip is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of chips, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for repairing a chip.
Background
Most of the chips are started from Read-Only Memory (ROM) at present, start codes in the ROM are operated, and the chips are combined with other related peripheral equipment in the chips to realize the start operation of the chips.
However, when the chip cannot be started normally, the external configuration is usually detected, the detected fault point is repaired, if the detected fault point is determined to be the correct external configuration, the logic operation and the execution step corresponding to the starting code in the ROM may be wrong, and the chip can only be subjected to the revocation processing due to the problem that the ROM code cannot be changed at all, so that the production cost of the chip is increased, and the production efficiency of the chip is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for repairing a chip. So as to realize the repair of the chip and reduce the production cost of the chip.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for repairing a chip, including:
transmitting the starting code in the ROM to the RAM;
traversing fuses in the chip to obtain a preset code patch;
repairing the starting code in the RAM according to the preset code patch.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for repairing a chip, including:
the starting code transmission module is used for transmitting the starting code in the ROM to the RAM;
the preset code patch acquisition module is used for traversing the fuses in the chip to acquire the preset code patches;
and the restoration module is used for restoring the starting code in the RAM according to the preset code patch.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus, including:
one or more processors;
a memory for storing one or more programs;
the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the methods described above.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the above-described method.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the starting codes in the ROM are transmitted to the RAM, and the starting codes in the RAM are repaired by the preset code patches acquired from the fuse according to the characteristic that the codes in the RAM can be changed, so that the repairing process of the chip is realized, the waste of the chip is avoided, the production cost of the chip is saved, and the production efficiency of the chip is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 (a) is a flowchart of a method for repairing a chip according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic diagram of a chip according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 1 (c) is a schematic diagram of an information format of a predetermined code patch according to a first embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 1 (d) is a logic flow diagram of a pre-set code patch versus boot code repair in accordance with a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a chip repairing method according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip repairing device according to a third embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present application are shown in the drawings.
Example 1
Fig. 1 (a) is a flowchart of a chip repairing method according to an embodiment of the present application, where the method may be performed by a chip repairing device according to an embodiment of the present application, and the device may be implemented in software and/or hardware. As shown in fig. 1 (a), the method specifically includes the following operations:
step 101, transmitting the starting code in the read-only memory ROM to the random access memory RAM.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 (b), a schematic structure of a chip in the present application is shown, which includes a fuse, a ROM, a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) and a peripheral, and the types of the peripheral may include a universal serial bus (Universal Serial Bus, USB), an embedded multimedia controller (Embedded Multi Media Card, EMMC), a universal asynchronous receiver Transmitter (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, UART), a Secure Digital (SD) type storage device, a NAND type storage device or a NOR type storage device, which is, of course, merely illustrative and not limiting, and the specific types of the peripheral in which the data for supporting the operation of different types of peripheral is mainly stored through registers.
It should be noted that, although the ROM is write-once in the chip production process, the content therein cannot be changed later, because the processor can execute the program stored therein, the code transmitted to the RAM can be modified by transmitting the code in the ROM to the RAM, and then the processor can execute the modified code.
Optionally, before transferring the boot code in the ROM to the RAM, the method may further include: obtaining a peripheral patch from the fuse; and repairing the peripheral functions in the chip by using the peripheral patches.
Specifically, because the peripheral patch is also stored in the fuse, the peripheral patch is firstly obtained from the fuse under the condition that the chip has a starting fault, and the peripheral patch repairs the peripheral function.
It should be noted that, the fuse can be written once at a freely selected time after the chip is produced, but once written, the written portion cannot be modified again, and even if a program is in the fuse, it cannot be directly executed by the processor. The peripheral patch and the code patch may be written to the fuse after determining that there is an error in the peripheral and the code in the ROM.
The data in the ROM cannot be changed, and the data in the RAM in the chip can be changed, so that the RAM can be fully utilized, namely, the starting codes in the ROM space are transmitted to the RAM, and the starting codes stored in the RAM are changed.
Optionally, corresponding start codes are respectively stored in the ROM aiming at different types of peripheral equipment; the method may further include, before transferring the boot code in the ROM to the RAM: determining the type of the peripheral; a boot code corresponding to the type of the peripheral is acquired from the ROM.
Specifically, since the chip in the embodiment supports the starting of multiple different types of peripheral devices, corresponding starting codes are respectively stored in the ROM for different types of peripheral devices, and the codes supporting the starting functions of different peripheral devices are stored in a segmented manner. It is necessary to determine the specific type of the peripheral before transferring the boot code in the ROM to the RAM and acquire the boot code corresponding to the type of the peripheral from the ROM, for example, determine that the type of the peripheral is USB, and acquire the code supporting USB boot from the USB download boot function storage space in the ROM. Therefore, the method and the device realize that the starting codes of the corresponding parts in the ROM are acquired aiming at different types of peripheral equipment, and the codes of other irrelevant parts are not acquired, so that the pressure of data processing is relieved, and particularly, the starting codes are acquired in a copying mode and transmitted to the RAM.
And 102, traversing the fuses in the chip to obtain a preset code patch.
Specifically, in this embodiment, after determining that the boot code corresponding to the peripheral type in the ROM is copied to the RAM, the fuse in the chip is traversed through the ROM to obtain the preset code patch. The preset code patch is stored in an information format adjacent to the patch instruction by using an offset position, and as shown in fig. 1 (c), the information format of the preset code patch is schematically shown. Wherein offset represents a first offset, no greater than two bytes, [ offset ] represents a second offset, and whether there is an offset of the second byte is determined by whether the most significant bit of the first offset is 1, if it is 1, indicating that there is a second offset, instr_num represents the number of subsequent instructions, wherein instr, instr (n-1) represents the specific instruction.
It should be noted that the second offset occurs for a group of instructions, which is determined by the fuse storage mode, and when a byte of one offset cannot carry an actual offset, a combination of two offsets is used for determining a group of instructions. Since execution of each code in practice often involves multiple instructions, multiple sets of offsets may be employed for multiple code cases, each set including at most two offsets, and used to determine the offset location of the corresponding instruction.
And step 103, repairing the starting code in the RAM according to the preset code patch.
Optionally, repairing the boot code in the RAM according to the preset code patch may include: determining a repair position in the start code according to the offset position; the repair instruction is written to the repair location.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 (d), a logic flow diagram of repairing a startup code by a preset code patch includes steps 1031 to 1039, in repairing the startup code, firstly, reading a first offset in a first set of offsets from an information format, judging whether the highest bit of the first offset is 1, if yes, continuing to read a second offset, and calculating an offset position corresponding to an instruction according to the first offset and the second offset, otherwise, calculating the offset position corresponding to the instruction according to the first offset, then reading the number of instructions corresponding to the set of offsets, if the number of instructions is determined to be not 0, acquiring specific instructions, writing specific instructions to the determined offset position in the startup code, restarting the next set of offsets and reading the corresponding instructions when the instruction corresponding to the set of offsets is read, and completing writing the instructions to the determined position of the set of offsets until the writing of each set of instructions in the startup code is completed, and finally completing the repairing process of the startup code can be completed normally.
For example, the original boot code is as follows:
where adc_retry_num defaults to 5000, this value marks const, i.e. cannot change the identity, so it is deposited with the code. Although no problem is found in the actual test stage, when the chip is formally used, the situation that the correct ADC value is not sampled is found, and the ADC_RETRY_NUM is changed to 6000, and v < ADC_LOW_VAL is changed to v < = ADC_LOW_VAL, the problem can be solved, so that the chip repairing mode can be adopted to repair the chip, and a plurality of instructions exist in the repairing process of each line of code.
The restored start code is as follows:
optionally, after repairing the boot code in the RAM according to the preset code patch, the method further includes: jump to space of RAM; and executing the repaired starting code in the space of the RAM. .
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the starting codes in the ROM are transmitted to the RAM, and the starting codes in the RAM are repaired by the preset code patches acquired from the fuse according to the characteristic that the codes in the RAM can be changed, so that the repairing process of the chip is realized, the waste of the chip is avoided, the production cost of the chip is saved, and the production efficiency of the chip is improved.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for repairing a chip according to a second embodiment of the present application, where the method is based on the above embodiment, and after repairing a boot code in a RAM according to a preset code patch, the method further includes: and detecting the repaired starting code. Correspondingly, the method of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
step 201, the boot code in the ROM is transferred to the RAM.
Step 202, traversing fuses in a chip to obtain a preset code patch.
And 203, repairing the starting code in the RAM according to the preset code patch.
Step 204, detecting the repaired start code.
Specifically, in this embodiment, in the process of repairing the boot code in the RAM according to the preset code patch, there may be a situation that data cannot be accurately transmitted or read due to a network failure or an equipment failure, so after repairing is completed, by detecting the repaired boot code, and sending out alarm information in time when a repair error is found, a user is reminded to replace equipment or maintain the network in time, thereby ensuring the success rate of chip repair.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application, the starting codes in the ROM are transmitted to the RAM, and the starting codes in the RAM are repaired by the preset code patches acquired from the fuse according to the characteristic that the codes in the RAM can be changed, so that the repairing process of the chip is realized, the waste of the chip is avoided, the production cost of the chip is saved, and the production efficiency of the chip is improved. The success rate of chip repair is further improved by detecting the repaired starting code.
Example III
Fig. 3 is a chip repairing apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present application, including: a start code transmission module 301, a preset code patch acquisition module 302 and a restoration module 303.
Wherein, the start code transmission module 301 is configured to transmit a start code in the ROM to the RAM;
the preset code patch obtaining module 302 is configured to traverse the fuses in the chip to obtain a preset code patch;
and the repairing module 303 is configured to repair the boot code in the RAM according to the preset code patch.
The device can execute the chip repairing method provided by any embodiment of the application, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the executing method. Technical details which are not described in detail in this embodiment can be referred to the chip repair method provided in any embodiment of the present application.
Example IV
A fourth embodiment of the present application relates to an apparatus, as shown in fig. 4, which is a structural example diagram of an apparatus, including at least one processor 401; and a memory 402 communicatively coupled to the at least one processor 401. The memory 402 stores instructions executable by the at least one processor 401, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor 401 to enable the at least one processor 401 to perform a chip repair method.
The processors 401, memory 402 may be connected by a bus, which in fig. 4 is an example of a connection by a bus, and may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, which link together the various circuits of the one or more processors 401, memory 402. The bus may also link together various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, power management circuits, etc., as are well known in the art and, therefore, will not be further described herein. The processor is responsible for managing the bus and general processing and may also provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. And memory may be used to store data used by the processor in performing operations.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in implementing the methods of the embodiments described above may be implemented by a program stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a device (which may be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip or the like) or a processor (processor) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of the embodiments of the application.
Example five
A fifth embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a chip repair method as provided in all embodiments of the present application:
transmitting the starting code in the ROM to the RAM;
traversing fuses in the chip to obtain a preset code patch;
repairing the starting code in the RAM according to the preset code patch.
Any combination of one or more computer readable media may be employed. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
The computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, either in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present application may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, smalltalk, C ++ and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. Therefore, while the application has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the application is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the application, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method of chip repair, comprising:
transmitting the starting code in the ROM to the RAM;
traversing fuses in the chip to obtain a preset code patch;
repairing the starting code in the RAM according to the preset code patch;
corresponding starting codes are respectively stored in the ROM aiming at different types of peripheral equipment;
the method further comprises the following steps before the startup code in the ROM is transmitted to the RAM: determining the type of the peripheral; acquiring a starting code corresponding to the type of the peripheral from the ROM, and transmitting the starting codes corresponding to different types to the RAM in a copying mode;
and storing the preset code patch by adopting an information format with an offset position adjacent to the patching instruction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transferring the boot code in the read-only memory ROM to the random access memory RAM further comprises:
obtaining a peripheral patch from the fuse;
and repairing the peripheral functions in the chip by the peripheral patches.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after repairing the boot code in the RAM according to the preset code patch, further comprising:
jumping to a space of the RAM;
and executing the repaired starting code in the space of the RAM.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein repairing boot code in the RAM according to the pre-set code patch comprises:
determining a repair position in the start code according to the offset position;
writing the repair instruction to the repair location.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the type of peripheral comprises: universal serial bus USB, embedded multimedia controller EMMC, universal asynchronous receiver transmitter UART, secure data SD type storage device, NAND type storage device or NOR type storage device.
6. An apparatus for chip repair, comprising:
the starting code transmission module is used for transmitting the starting code in the ROM to the RAM; corresponding starting codes are respectively stored in the ROM aiming at different types of peripheral equipment; the method further comprises the following steps before the startup code in the ROM is transmitted to the RAM: determining the type of the peripheral; acquiring a starting code corresponding to the type of the peripheral from the ROM; transmitting the corresponding starting codes of different types to the RAM in a copying mode;
the preset code patch acquisition module is used for traversing the fuses in the chip to acquire the preset code patches; the preset code patch is stored in an information format with an offset position adjacent to the patching instruction;
and the restoration module is used for restoring the starting code in the RAM according to the preset code patch.
7. An apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
one or more processors;
a memory for storing one or more programs;
when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to implement the method of any of claims 1-5.
8. A computer storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor performs the method according to any of claims 1-5.
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| CN114816537A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-07-29 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Chip, electronic equipment and chip starting method |
| CN113312270A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-27 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | ROM code repairing method and device, readable storage medium and terminal |
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| US9471785B2 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-10-18 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Systems and methods for secure boot ROM patch |
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| CN1375769A (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-10-23 | 珠海市万禾网络技术有限公司 | Single chip system capable of loading and running specific operation system |
| CN106164860A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-11-23 | 高通股份有限公司 | For revising the system and method initializing the firmware that calculating equipment is used |
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