CN111351674A - Load loading device and loading method for load test - Google Patents
Load loading device and loading method for load test Download PDFInfo
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- CN111351674A CN111351674A CN201910707228.7A CN201910707228A CN111351674A CN 111351674 A CN111351674 A CN 111351674A CN 201910707228 A CN201910707228 A CN 201910707228A CN 111351674 A CN111351674 A CN 111351674A
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/007—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a load loading device and a loading method for a load test, and mainly solves the problems that the loading capacity and safety of a method for hanging a heavy object by a hanging basket in the prior art are insufficient, the friction reducing effect of the movement of an actuator is not ideal, and the like. The load loading device provided by the invention comprises: the loading device comprises a loading beam, a guide rail, an actuator unit, a first connecting part and a second connecting part; the guide rail is fixed on the lower end face of the loading beam and is provided with a first connecting part capable of laterally displacing, the upper end of the actuator unit is connected with the first connecting part, and the lower end of the actuator unit is connected with the second connecting part; wherein: displacement between the guide rail and the first connecting part forms rolling friction; the lower end of the second connecting part is connected with the test piece, and the second connecting part moves along with the change of the position of the loading point on the test piece. By adopting the device and the method, the transverse load can move along with the loading point on the test piece, the device and the method have higher loading capacity and safety, and the instability critical load of the test piece can be accurately measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of load loading tests, in particular to a load loading device which passively moves along the lateral direction of a loading point.
Background
The structural test is to prevent accidents from generating when external force acts on facilities such as buildings and the like to cause casualties, and to carry out research on structural performance and carry out a large number of tests to verify design theories. The structure test is mainly a test for loading and unloading a test piece by using a loading device and taking the load or displacement value of a structure or a member as a control quantity.
When a three-point bending method is adopted to carry out the overall stability test of the beam-type component, a transverse concentrated load needs to be applied to the upper surface of the span center of the component, and when the component is close to instability, the loading point tends to generate lateral displacement and torsion. Under ideal test conditions, the transverse load should follow the load point laterally while its direction remains vertically downward. In the conventional three-point bending test method, the actuator applying the transverse concentrated load is fixed in position, and generates a constraint effect on the lateral displacement of the loading point, so that the buckling critical load of the component measured in the test is higher. It is therefore desirable to design a transverse load loading device that can move laterally with the loading point, while maintaining the loading direction unchanged, and minimizing the friction of the device during lateral movement to reduce the constraint on the lateral displacement of the member.
In order to achieve lateral load displacement with the load point on the component, it is known to suspend the load in the component span by means of a basket. However, the loading method of hanging heavy objects by the hanging basket is limited by the space under the component, and can not apply large load. And the suspended weight such as iron blocks with larger density is adopted, so that the load cannot be continuously increased and the load grade is discontinuous. The method needs a loader to manually increase the hung weight, and as buckling instability of the member is an unstable failure mode, the displacement of the member is suddenly increased during failure, which may bring a greater risk to the loader.
In order to reduce the friction when the device is moved sideways, it is known to provide a teflon plate between the actuator and the load beam so that the actuator can slide along the load beam with less friction. However, the teflon plate has a static friction coefficient of 4%, and still generates a large frictional resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a load loading device which can passively move laterally along with a loading point, accurately measure the instability critical load of a component, avoid the risk caused by component damage and reduce the friction resistance of lateral movement of an actuator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a load loading device comprising: the loading device comprises a loading beam, a guide rail, an actuator unit, a first connecting part and a second connecting part;
the guide rail is fixed on the lower end face of the loading beam through a fastener, and a first connecting part capable of laterally displacing is arranged on the guide rail; the upper end of the actuator unit is connected with the first connecting part, and the lower end of the actuator unit is connected with the second connecting part; wherein:
displacement between the guide rail and the first connection part forms rolling friction;
the lower end of the second connecting part is connected with a test piece, and the second connecting part moves along with the change of the position of a loading point on the test piece.
Further, the guide rail is a ball type guide rail;
the fastener is a bolt, and the lower end face of the loading beam is provided with a plurality of bolt holes through which the bolt can pass.
Further, the first connecting part is a sliding block matched with the guide rail;
the slider is connected with the actuator unit through a connecting piece.
Further, the connecting piece is a screw rod.
Furthermore, a data acquisition unit for reading real-time acting force is arranged between the actuator unit and the second connecting part.
Further, the second connecting part is a spherical hinge;
the upper end of the spherical hinge is connected with the lower end of the data acquisition unit, and a spherical hinge support is arranged at the lower end of the spherical hinge.
Furthermore, the lower end of the spherical hinge support is provided with a bayonet for fixing on the test piece.
Preferably, the actuator unit is a hydraulic actuator.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a loading method for a load test, comprising the following steps:
connecting the load loading device with the test piece, and applying a downward transverse load to the test piece through the actuator unit;
when the test piece has a lateral displacement trend, a second connecting part connecting the actuator unit and the test piece moves along with the change of the position of the loading point of the test piece, and the test piece applies a lateral acting force to the actuator unit through the second connecting part so as to drive the actuator unit to laterally displace;
meanwhile, the first connecting part connecting the actuator unit and the guide rail moves laterally along with the actuator unit, so that the restraint of the actuator unit on the lateral displacement of the test piece is reduced;
and acquiring test data, and calculating to obtain the instability critical load of the test piece.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a load loading device and a loading method of a load test, which can realize that a transverse load moves along with a loading point on a test piece laterally, have higher loading capacity and safety and can accurately measure the instability critical load of the test piece. Meanwhile, the ball type linear guide rail is used as an anti-friction device between the actuator unit and the loading beam, the friction coefficient is only 0.4%, the friction resistance of the actuator during lateral movement is obviously reduced, and the test result is more accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a load applying apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a mid-span cross-sectional view of the load applying means.
Figure 3 is a mid-span cross-sectional view of the load applying means following lateral movement of the load application point.
Reference numerals:
1-a load beam; 2-a guide rail; 3-an actuator unit; 4-a first connection; 5-a second connecting portion; 6-test piece; 7-data acquisition unit.
Detailed Description
Various aspects and features of the present application are described herein with reference to the drawings.
It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments of the present application. Accordingly, the foregoing description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the application.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with a general description of the application given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the application.
These and other characteristics of the present application will become apparent from the following description of preferred forms of embodiment, given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the attached drawings.
It should also be understood that, although the present application has been described with reference to some specific examples, a person of skill in the art shall certainly be able to achieve many other equivalent forms of application, having the characteristics as set forth in the claims and hence all coming within the field of protection defined thereby.
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent in view of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Specific embodiments of the present application are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the application, which can be embodied in various forms. Well-known and/or repeated functions and constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the application of unnecessary or unnecessary detail. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present application in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a load loading device disclosed in the present invention, fig. 2 is a mid-span sectional view of the load loading device disclosed in the present invention, and fig. 3 is a mid-span sectional view of the load loading device disclosed in the present invention after moving laterally following a loading point.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention discloses a load loading device, including: a load beam 1, a guide rail 2, an actuator unit 3, a first connecting portion 4, and a second connecting portion 5;
the guide rail 2 is fixed on the lower end surface of the loading beam 1 through a fastener, and a first connecting part 4 capable of laterally displacing is arranged on the guide rail 2; the upper end of the actuator unit 3 is connected with the first connecting part 4, and the lower end of the actuator unit 3 is connected with the second connecting part 5; wherein, as shown in fig. 3:
the displacement between the guide rail 2 and the first connection 4 forms rolling friction;
the lower end of the second connecting part 5 is connected with a test piece 6, and the second connecting part 5 moves along with the change of the position of a loading point on the test piece 6.
The load beam 1 is supported by a reaction frame fixed to the ground on both sides and is mounted on the midspan position of the test piece 6. The reaction frame can be fixed to the ground by anchor bolts or by anchoring, which is used in this embodiment.
With continued reference to fig. 1, 2 and 3, in order to reduce the friction force generated during the lateral displacement of the actuator unit 3, the guide rail 2 is a ball-type guide rail;
optionally, the fastener is a bolt, and the lower end surface of the load beam 1 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes through which the bolt can pass.
The first connecting part 4 is a sliding block matched with the guide rail 2;
the slider is connected to the actuator unit 3 by a connecting member.
Optionally, the connector is a lead screw.
The embodiment adopts the ball type guide rail as the friction reducing device between the actuator unit 3 and the loading beam 1, the friction coefficient of the rolling friction is only 0.4 percent, the friction resistance when the lateral displacement of the actuator unit 3 is obviously reduced, the restraint of the lateral displacement when the actuator unit 3 is unstable to the test piece 6 is also reduced, and the test result is more accurate.
For the acquisition of test data, a data acquisition unit 7 for reading the real-time force is also provided between the actuator unit 3 and the second connection 5. The data acquisition unit 7 employed in this embodiment is a force sensor.
Meanwhile, the data acquisition unit 7 can be further connected with a data measurement system. The data measuring system can comprise a computer, a strain acquisition instrument and other devices, and the acquired data can be measured and analyzed more precisely.
On the other hand, in order to realize that the transverse load moves along with the lateral movement of the loading point on the test piece, the second connecting part 5 is a spherical hinge;
the upper end of the spherical hinge is connected with the lower end of the data acquisition unit 7, and the lower end of the spherical hinge is provided with a spherical hinge support.
The lower end of the spherical hinge support is provided with a bayonet for fixing on the test piece 6.
When loading, the actuator unit 3 applies a lateral load downwards through the spherical hinge. As shown in fig. 3, when the loading point on the test piece 6 has a tendency of lateral displacement, the spherical hinge support fixed at the loading point on the test piece 6 moves along with the change of the position of the loading point on the test piece 6, and the test piece 6 applies a lateral acting force to the actuator unit 3 through the spherical hinge, so as to drive the actuator unit 3 to laterally displace.
Since the second connecting portion 5 is a spherical hinge, even if the actuator unit 3 is displaced laterally, the direction of the load applied to the test piece 6 by the spherical hinge is kept vertically downward.
In order to ensure the loading capacity of the actuator unit 3, the actuator unit 3 of the invention adopts a hydraulic actuator, the loading capacity is strong, and the load can be continuously increased.
The invention also discloses a loading method of the load test, which comprises the following steps:
connecting the load loading device with the test piece 6, and applying a downward transverse load to the test piece 6 through the actuator unit 3;
when the test piece 6 has a lateral displacement trend, the second connecting part 5 connecting the actuator unit 3 and the test piece 6 moves along with the change of the position of the loading point of the test piece, and the test piece 6 applies a lateral acting force to the actuator unit 3 through the second connecting part 5 so as to drive the actuator unit 3 to laterally displace;
meanwhile, the first connecting part 4 connecting the actuator unit 3 and the guide rail 2 follows the lateral displacement of the actuator unit, so that the restraint of the actuator unit 3 on the lateral displacement of the test piece 6 is reduced;
and acquiring test data, and calculating to obtain the instability critical load of the test piece.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A load loading device comprising: the loading device comprises a loading beam, a guide rail, an actuator unit, a first connecting part and a second connecting part;
the guide rail is fixed on the lower end face of the loading beam through a fastener, a first connecting part capable of laterally displacing is arranged on the guide rail, the upper end of the actuator unit is connected with the first connecting part, and the lower end of the actuator unit is connected with the second connecting part; wherein:
displacement between the guide rail and the first connection part forms rolling friction;
the lower end of the second connecting part is connected with a test piece, and the second connecting part moves along with the change of the position of a loading point on the test piece.
2. A load loading unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the track is a ball track;
the fastener is a bolt, and the lower end face of the loading beam is provided with a plurality of bolt holes through which the bolt can pass.
3. A load loading apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first connecting portion is a slider adapted to the guide rail;
the slider is connected with the actuator unit through a connecting piece.
4. A load loading unit as claimed in claim 3, in which the connection member is a screw.
5. A load loading apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a data acquisition unit is provided between the actuator unit and the second connecting portion for reading real time forces.
6. A load loading apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second connecting portion is a ball joint;
the upper end of the spherical hinge is connected with the lower end of the data acquisition unit, and a spherical hinge support is arranged at the lower end of the spherical hinge.
7. A load loading device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the lower end of the ball pivot support is provided with a bayonet for fixing on the test piece.
8. A load loading apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the actuator unit is a hydraulic actuator.
9. A loading method for a load test comprises the following steps:
connecting the load loading device with the test piece, and applying a downward transverse load to the test piece through the actuator unit;
when the test piece has a lateral displacement trend, the second connecting part connecting the actuator unit and the test piece moves along with the change of the position of the loading point on the test piece, and the test piece applies a lateral acting force to the actuator unit through the second connecting part so as to drive the actuator unit to move together;
meanwhile, the first connecting part connecting the actuator unit and the guide rail moves laterally along with the actuator unit, so that the restraint of the actuator unit on the lateral displacement of the test piece is reduced;
and acquiring test data, and calculating to obtain the instability critical load of the test piece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910707228.7A CN111351674B (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2019-08-01 | Load loading device and loading method for load test |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910707228.7A CN111351674B (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2019-08-01 | Load loading device and loading method for load test |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111351674A true CN111351674A (en) | 2020-06-30 |
| CN111351674B CN111351674B (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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| CN201910707228.7A Active CN111351674B (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2019-08-01 | Load loading device and loading method for load test |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2663973Y (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2004-12-15 | 同济大学 | Long stroke multi-direction loading synchronous following equipment for test machine |
| CN102426808A (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2012-04-25 | 西安交通大学 | Planar truss structural stability mechanics experimental apparatus |
| CN202757788U (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-02-27 | 苏州筑邦测控科技有限公司 | Passive and follow-up loading structure experiment system |
| CN103439105A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Axial follow-up space loading device |
| CN103913285A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-09 | 北京建筑工程学院 | Device for testing mechanical properties |
| CN104102229A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-15 | 苏州筑邦测控科技有限公司 | Active actuator tracing system |
| CN106081157A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | A kind of vertical following loading device |
| CN108120636A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-06-05 | 天津城建大学 | A kind of vertical loading system of roller type low friction with following function |
-
2019
- 2019-08-01 CN CN201910707228.7A patent/CN111351674B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2663973Y (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2004-12-15 | 同济大学 | Long stroke multi-direction loading synchronous following equipment for test machine |
| CN102426808A (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2012-04-25 | 西安交通大学 | Planar truss structural stability mechanics experimental apparatus |
| CN202757788U (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-02-27 | 苏州筑邦测控科技有限公司 | Passive and follow-up loading structure experiment system |
| CN103913285A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-09 | 北京建筑工程学院 | Device for testing mechanical properties |
| CN103439105A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2013-12-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Axial follow-up space loading device |
| CN104102229A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-10-15 | 苏州筑邦测控科技有限公司 | Active actuator tracing system |
| CN106081157A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | A kind of vertical following loading device |
| CN108120636A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-06-05 | 天津城建大学 | A kind of vertical loading system of roller type low friction with following function |
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| CN111351674B (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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