CN111351576B - Confocal optical path system, confocal polarization measurement method and application thereof - Google Patents
Confocal optical path system, confocal polarization measurement method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/447—Polarisation spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/21—Polarisation-affecting properties
- G01N2021/216—Polarisation-affecting properties using circular polarised light
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Abstract
The invention provides a confocal optical path system, which comprises: the device comprises a laser, a plane reflector, a polaroid, a half wave plate, an optical element for generating circularly polarized light and a beam splitter; the size of the incident angle of the light incident to the beam splitter is determined by the refractive index of the beam splitter, the thickness of the beam splitter and the incident light waveband; preferably, the angle of incidence is within 6 °. Compared with 45-degree incidence, the circular polarization degree of the circularly polarized light can be improved to more than 99% from 50%, and the rotation angle of the polarization plane of the linearly polarized light is reduced to less than 1 degree from 30 degrees. The light path design can be applied to the detection of polarization spectrums such as photoluminescence spectrums resolved by circular polarization and linear polarization and Raman spectrums resolved by circular polarization and linear polarization, and has important significance for improving the accuracy of the experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optics, and particularly relates to a confocal optical path system, a confocal polarization measurement method and application thereof.
Background
Polarization spectroscopy, such as polarized fluorescence spectroscopy, polarized raman spectroscopy, and the like, is performed by selectively measuring signals of fluorescence, raman scattered light, and the like, which have the same or different polarization direction as the excitation light. Compared with the conventional spectrum measurement, the polarization spectrum measurement can provide more abundant information, such as the energy band structure symmetry, the molecular orientation, the chemical bond vibration symmetry and the like of the material, so that the technology has wide application prospects in the fields of luminescent materials, biological proteins, information display and storage, electronics and the like.
Confocal polarization spectroscopy is a basic measurement of polarization spectroscopy. In general, confocal optical paths require that light incident on the sample and light exiting the sample be on the same optical path. At present, in the optical path of confocal circular polarization spectrometry, excitation light is generally changed into circular polarization with a circular polarization degree of 99.9% through a polarizing plate and a quarter-wave plate, and then reflected onto a sample through a beam splitter at an incident angle of 45 °. Taking the example of circularly polarized light passing through a beam splitter having a thickness of 1mm and a refractive index of 1.5, the circularly polarized light becomes elliptically polarized light having a polarization degree of about 50%. In the light path of confocal linear polarized light spectrum measurement, laser is firstly changed into linear polarized light through a polaroid, and then is reflected to a sample through a beam splitter at an incidence angle of 45 degrees. Taking the example of linearly polarized light having a polarization plane forming an angle of 45 ° with the incident plane passing through a beam splitter having a thickness of 1mm and a refractive index of 1.5, the polarization plane of the linearly polarized light is rotated by an angle of about 30 °. Similarly, the circular polarization degree and the linear polarization plane of the signal light coming out of the sample can be changed correspondingly after the signal light passes through the beam splitter at the incident angle of 45 degrees, so that the accuracy of the experimental result is influenced.
The current optical path design limits the application of confocal polarization spectrum in high-precision measurement, so a new optical path design is needed, which not only ensures that the circular polarization degree of circular polarization exciting light incident to a sample is high or the polarization plane rotation angle of linear polarization exciting light is small, but also can reduce the influence of the optical path on the polarization of signal light emitted by the sample.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the present invention aims to provide an optical path design for improving the circular polarization degree of circularly polarized light and reducing the polarization plane rotation angle of linearly polarized light in a confocal optical path, in order to solve the problems of the circular polarization degree reduction and the linear polarization plane rotation of excitation light and detected signals in the existing confocal polarization spectrum measurement optical path.
Before the technical solution of the present invention is explained, the terms used herein are defined as follows:
the term "polarizer" refers to: an optical element capable of linearly polarizing natural light. A polarizer allows only light that oscillates in a particular plane, called the plane of polarization, to pass through, and this polarization direction is called the pass axis of the polarizer.
The term "quarter wave plate" refers to: a phase retarder can make the phase difference between ordinary light (o light) and extraordinary light (e light) decomposed by a light beam be + -pi/2.
The term "half wave plate" refers to: a phase retarder can make the phase difference between ordinary light (o light) and extraordinary light (e light) decomposed by a light beam + -pi.
To achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a confocal optical path system, including: the device comprises a laser, a plane reflector, a polaroid, a half wave plate, an optical element for generating circularly polarized light and a beam splitter;
the size of the incident angle of the light incident to the beam splitter is determined by the refractive index of the beam splitter, the thickness of the beam splitter and the incident light waveband; preferably, the angle of incidence is within 6 °.
According to the confocal optical path system of the first aspect of the present invention, the light emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, the first polarizer, the half-wave plate, the third plane mirror, the second polarizer, the optical element for generating circularly polarized light, and the beam splitter.
The confocal optical path system according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the circular polarization degree of the reflected light passing through the beam splitter in the confocal optical path system is 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, and more preferably 99% or more.
A confocal optical system according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the optical element for generating circularly polarized light is selected from one or more of: quarter-wave plate, babinet compensator, liquid crystal retarder.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a confocal optical path system, including: the device comprises a laser, a plane reflector, a polaroid, a half wave plate and a beam splitter;
the size of the incident angle of the light incident to the beam splitter is determined by the refractive index of the beam splitter, the thickness of the beam splitter and the wave band of the incident light; preferably, the angle of incidence is within 6 °.
According to the confocal optical path system of the second aspect of the present invention, the light emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, the first polarizer, the half-wave plate, the third plane mirror, the second polarizer and the beam splitter.
The confocal optical path system according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the rotation angle of the linear polarization plane of the reflected light in the confocal optical path system is within 10 °, preferably within 5 °, and more preferably within 1 °.
The confocal optical path system according to the first aspect or the second aspect of the invention, wherein the beam splitter is a non-coated beam splitter and/or a coated reflection-enhanced beam splitter, preferably a coated reflection-enhanced beam splitter;
more preferably, the reflection increasing film is selected from one or more of: red light reflection increasing film and blue light reflection increasing film.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a confocal polarization measurement method, which uses the confocal optical path system of the first or second aspect of the present invention to perform measurement.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides the use of a confocal optical path system of the first or second aspect in the development of a polarization-resolving measurement instrument;
preferably, the polarization-resolving measuring instrument is a photoluminescence probe instrument and/or a raman spectroscopy probe instrument.
The invention relates to the field of polarization optical testing, in particular to a confocal optical path system, a confocal polarization measurement method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an optical path design for increasing circular polarization degree of circularly polarized light and reducing polarization plane rotation angle of linearly polarized light in a confocal optical path, wherein the optical path design comprises a laser, a reflector, a half-wave plate, a polarizer, a quarter-wave plate, and a beam splitter:
according to the optical path design, the reflecting mirror is a plane reflecting mirror in each wavelength band range, and the applicable wavelength is determined according to the wavelength of the used laser;
the optical path design according to the present invention, wherein the quarter-wave plate can be replaced by any optical element capable of generating circularly polarized light (such as a babinet compensator, a liquid crystal retarder, etc.).
According to the optical path design, the beam splitter is a non-coated beam splitter or a coated reflection-increasing film beam splitter, preferably a coated reflection-increasing film beam splitter, and the applicable wavelength of the beam splitter is determined by the wavelength of the used laser;
the invention provides an optical path design for improving circular polarization degree of circularly polarized light and reducing polarization plane rotation angle of linearly polarized light in a confocal optical path, which comprises the following specific contents:
1, the light path design for improving the circular polarization degree of circularly polarized light in the confocal light path.
The laser is changed into linearly polarized light through the polaroid, then passes through the quarter-wave plate, and an included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the optical axis direction of the quarter-wave plate and the transmission axis direction of the polaroid. A polarizer is placed behind the quarter-wave plate, and a power meter is placed behind the polarizer. The circular polarization degree of the light emitted from the quarter-wave plate is checked through the index change of a power meter after the polarizer is rotated for one circle, and the circular polarization degree of the light can reach 99.9 percent. And removing the rear polaroid and the power meter, so that the circularly polarized light enters a beam splitter with the thickness of 1mm and the refractive index of 1.5 at a small angle within 6 degrees, and the light reflected from the beam splitter is positioned in a confocal light path. In this case, the circular polarization degree of the light reflected from the beam splitter was checked to be 99% or more. The incidence angle of the incident beam splitter is not limited within 6 degrees, and the size of the incidence angle is determined by the refractive index of the beam splitter, the thickness of the beam splitter and the wavelength band of the incident light.
The calculation method of the circular polarization degree is as follows:
wherein p iscIs a degree of circular polarization, PmaxIs displayed for power meterHigh power, PminAnd the minimum power displayed by the power meter, wherein the light transmission axis direction corresponding to the polarizer at the maximum power and the light transmission axis direction corresponding to the polarizer at the minimum power form an included angle of 90 degrees.
And 2, designing an optical path for reducing the rotation angle of the polarization plane of linearly polarized light in the confocal optical path.
The elimination of the quarter-wave plate in the optical path of the content 1 is the optical path design for reducing the rotation angle of the polarization plane of linearly polarized light in the confocal optical path. Linearly polarized light emitted from the polarizing plate enters a beam splitter having a thickness of 1mm and a refractive index of 1.5 at a small angle of 6 DEG or less, and the rotation angle of the linearly polarized surface of the reflected light is less than 1 deg. The incidence angle of the incident beam splitter is not limited within 6 degrees, and the size of the incidence angle is determined by the refractive index of the beam splitter, the thickness of the beam splitter and the wavelength band of the incident light.
The principle of the invention is as follows: when light enters the beam splitter from air, the reflected light of the light comprises two aspects, namely the reflected light of the front surface of the beam splitter; on one hand, light entering the beam splitter is reflected by the rear surface of the beam splitter and then is refracted by the front surface of the beam splitter to enter air, and the light is reflected and refracted for multiple times on the surface of the beam splitter. Assuming that the beam splitter is a uniform plate beam splitter, this total reflectivity can be specifically calculated by the transmission matrix method. The method comprises the following steps:
for incident light with its electric vector perpendicular to the plane of incidence, the transmission matrix of the beam splitter is:
the reflectivity of the vertically polarized light at this time is:
wherein p is1＝n1cosθ1，p2＝n2cosθ2，p3＝n1cosθ3。
For incident light with its electric vector parallel to the plane of incidence, the transmission matrix of the beam splitter is:
the reflectance of the horizontally polarized light at this time is
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(at λ)0671nm as an example), n 11 is the refractive index of air, n21.5 is the refracting index of beam splitter, and z 1mm is the thickness of beam splitter, and theta is the contained angle of wave normal and beam splitter normal: theta1The angle of incidence, θ, of the light entering the beam splitter2Angle of refraction, θ, of light incident on the beam splitter from air3Is the angle of refraction of the light as it exits the beamsplitter into the air. According to the law of refraction, theta1，θ2And theta3The relationship between them is:
the optical path design for improving the circular polarization degree of circularly polarized light and reducing the polarization plane rotation angle of linearly polarized light in the confocal optical path system can have the following beneficial effects:
the optical path design is applied to the measurement of circular polarization spectrum, linear polarization resolved fluorescence spectrum, circular polarization resolved Raman spectrum and other polarization spectra, the circular polarization degree of circularly polarized light can be improved to more than 99% from 50%, and the rotation angle of the polarization plane of linearly polarized light can be reduced to less than 1 degree from 30 degrees. The method can effectively improve the accuracy of the polarization resolution spectrum and has great significance for scientific research.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
fig. 1 shows an optical path diagram in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows an optical path diagram in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a laser; 2. a first planar mirror; 3. a second planar mirror; 4. a first polarizing plate; 5 a first quarter wave plate; 6. a third plane mirror; 7. a second polarizing plate; 8. a first quarter wave plate; 9. a beam splitter; 10. a sample; 11. a second quarter wave plate; 12. a second half wave plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which, however, are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
This section generally describes the materials used in the testing of the present invention, as well as the testing methods. Although many materials and methods of operation are known in the art for the purpose of carrying out the invention, the invention is nevertheless described herein in as detail as possible. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the materials and methods of operation used in the present invention are well within the skill of the art, provided that they are not specifically illustrated.
The optical elements and instruments used in the following examples are as follows:
list of optical elements:
| optical element | Parameter(s) | Purchased from |
| Plane reflector | Wavelength: 450- | Thorlabs |
| Polarizing plate | Wavelength: 300-700nm | Foctek |
| Half wave plate | Wavelength: 300-700nm | Foctek |
| Quarter wave plate | Wavelength: 300-700nm | Foctek |
| Beam splitter with plated reflection increasing film | Wavelength: 350-1100nm, beam splitting ratio of 5:5, thickness 1mm | Thorlabs |
List of instruments:
| instrument for measuring the position of a moving object | Parameter(s) | Purchased from |
| Semiconductor laser device | Wavelength: 671nm | CHANGCHUN NEW INDUSTRIES OPTOELECTRONICS TECH. Co.,Ltd. |
Example 1
This example is used to illustrate the design of the optical path for increasing the circular polarization degree of circularly polarized light in the confocal optical path of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows an optical path diagram of a confocal optical path for enhancing circular polarization of circularly polarized light. Laser emitted by the laser 1 passes through the plane mirrors 2, 3 and 6, the polarizing plates 4 and 7, the half-wave plate 5, the quarter-wave plate 8 and the beam splitter 9 and enters a sample 10, and then signal light emitted by the sample is collected through the beam splitter 9 and the second quarter-wave plate 11. Wherein the incident angle of the light from the second plane mirror 6 to the beam splitter 9 is 6 deg.. In the arrangement of the optical axis of the optical element, the polarization direction of the first polarizer 4 and the optical axis direction of the first quarter-wave plate 5 are not particularly specified, and the polarization direction of the second polarizer 7 is a vertical direction. Here, the polarization directions of the polarizing plates 4 and 7 are not changed, and the intensity of the laser light can be changed by rotating the optical axis direction of the first quarter-wave plate 5. After passing through the second polarizer 7, the polarization direction of the laser is changed into a vertical direction, and the optical axis direction of the first quarter-wave plate 8 is placed at 45 degrees, so that the emergent light is circularly polarized light with 99.9 percent. When light enters the beam splitter 9 at a small incident angle within 6 °, its reflected light has a circular polarization of 99.9%.
In addition, the beam splitter used in the experiment was a coated reflection increasing film beam splitter, and the ratio of transmittance to reflectance was 5:5 when the incident light was incident at an incident angle of 45 °, and the ratio of transmittance to reflectance was 4.5:5.5 when the incident light was incident at a small angle of 6 °, so the power of the excitation light was not reduced much by using the coated reflection increasing film beam splitter.
Example 2
This embodiment is used to illustrate the design of the optical path for reducing the rotation angle of the polarization plane of linearly polarized light in the confocal optical path of the present invention.
The first quarter-wave plate 8 and the second quarter-wave plate 11 in example 1 are removed, the second half-wave plate 12 is placed at the second quarter-wave plate 11, the polarization direction of the second polarizer 7 is adjusted to 45 degrees, other conditions are unchanged, and the polarization plane of the linearly polarized light measured in the experiment is basically unchanged after passing through the beam splitter.
Although the present invention has been described to a certain extent, it is apparent that appropriate changes in the respective conditions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but is to be accorded the scope consistent with the claims, including equivalents of each element described.
Claims (16)
1. A confocal optical path system, comprising: the device comprises a laser, a plane reflector, a polaroid, a half wave plate, an optical element for generating circularly polarized light and a beam splitter; the light emitted by the laser sequentially passes through a first plane reflector, a second plane reflector, a first polaroid, a half-wave plate, a third plane reflector, a second polaroid, an optical element for generating circularly polarized light and a beam splitter; the size of the incident angle of the light entering the beam splitter is determined by the refractive index of the beam splitter, the thickness of the beam splitter and the incident light wave band, and the incident angle is within 6 degrees.
2. The confocal optical path system of claim 1, wherein the circular polarization degree of the reflected light passing through the beam splitter in the confocal optical path system is 90% or more.
3. The confocal optical path system of claim 2, wherein the circular polarization degree of the reflected light passing through the beam splitter in the confocal optical path system is 95% or more.
4. The confocal optical path system of claim 3, wherein the circular polarization degree of the reflected light passing through the beam splitter in the confocal optical path system is 99% or more.
5. The confocal optical path system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the circularly polarized light-generating optical element is selected from one or more of: quarter-wave plate, babinet compensator, liquid crystal retarder.
6. A confocal optical path system, comprising: the device comprises a laser, a plane reflector, a polaroid, a half wave plate and a beam splitter;
the size of the incident angle of the light incident to the beam splitter is determined by the refractive index of the beam splitter, the thickness of the beam splitter and the wave band of the incident light; the light emitted by the laser sequentially passes through the first plane reflector, the second plane reflector, the first polaroid, the half-wave plate, the third plane reflector, the second polaroid and the beam splitter, and the incident angle is within 6 degrees.
7. The confocal optical path system of claim 6, wherein the rotation angle of the linear polarization plane of the reflected light from the beam splitter incident on the linearly polarized light from the polarizer is within 10 °.
8. The confocal optical path system of claim 7, wherein the rotation angle of the linear polarization plane of the reflected light from the beam splitter incident on the linearly polarized light from the polarizer is within 5 °.
9. The confocal optical path system of claim 8, wherein the rotation angle of the linear polarization plane of the reflected light from the beam splitter incident on the linearly polarized light from the polarizer is within 1 °.
10. The confocal optical system of any one of claims 1-4 and 6-9, wherein the beam splitter is an uncoated beam splitter and/or a coated mirror.
11. The confocal optical system of claim 5, wherein the beam splitter is an uncoated beam splitter and/or a coated anti-reflective beam splitter.
12. The confocal optical path system of claim 10, wherein the reflection enhancement film is selected from one or more of: red light reflection increasing film and blue light reflection increasing film.
13. The confocal optical path system of claim 11, wherein the reflection enhancement film is selected from one or more of: red light reflection increasing film and blue light reflection increasing film.
14. A confocal polarization measurement method, wherein the confocal polarization measurement method uses the confocal optical path system according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for measurement.
15. Use of the confocal optical path system of any one of claims 1 to 13 in a polarization-resolving measurement instrument.
16. Use according to claim 15, wherein the polarization-resolving measuring instrument is a photoluminescence detector and/or a raman spectroscopy detector.
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