CN111350947B - Embedded water supply heat supply pipeline leakage detection method based on microwave detection technology - Google Patents
Embedded water supply heat supply pipeline leakage detection method based on microwave detection technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111350947B CN111350947B CN202010247195.5A CN202010247195A CN111350947B CN 111350947 B CN111350947 B CN 111350947B CN 202010247195 A CN202010247195 A CN 202010247195A CN 111350947 B CN111350947 B CN 111350947B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
- G01N22/04—Investigating moisture content
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting leakage of an embedded water supply and heat supply pipeline based on a microwave detection technology, which is used for quickly detecting leakage points based on the influence of the difference of dielectric properties of materials on the resonant frequency of a microwave antenna and detecting the leakage points by depending on a set of hardware equipment. The hardware system is totally divided into three modules, firstly, a microwave signal with the frequency of 5GHz is generated through a microwave signal transceiving device, the microwave signal is fed into a special flat antenna which is 5 cm away from the ground, the antenna receives an echo signal generated when the microwave signal is reflected on the ground after the microwave signal vertically irradiates the ground for detection, electromagnetic field resonance can be formed inside the antenna, and a resonance peak value and a resonance peak frequency are displayed on the signal transceiving device. The resonance perturbation method adopted by the invention has higher precision, more sensitive induction range and stronger anti-interference capability, can test whether the pipeline at the position of 50 cm underground leaks or not under the condition of not damaging the physical structure, and has great application value in the building safety industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave testing, and particularly relates to a detection method for detecting whether a heating pipeline has the problems of leakage, seepage and the like through microwave signals.
Background
The leakage of the urban water supply and heating pipe network is a common problem in many urban planning processes. According to the recent statistical data published by the China Water supply Association, the average leakage rate of domestic water supply networks reaches 27%, and the leakage rate of pipe networks in medium and small towns is as high as 35% -42%. Taking a ground heating pipeline for central heating in winter of northern families as an example, polymer-based heating pipelines are widely used for various heating pipelines which are generally constructed and arranged before house decoration and are deeply buried in floors of residents, and the polymer-based heating pipelines cannot completely avoid the possibility of leakage and seepage of the heating pipelines under the long-term high-temperature and high-pressure working state due to factors such as manufacturing process, wiring installation, aging failure and the like, once a seepage event occurs, great influence is generated on the building safety and daily life, external facilities such as walls and the like are corroded slightly, and the walls fall off due to long-time corrosion; in severe cases, the house structure can be damaged even, the normal life of residents is interfered, and the method is also one of hot news for social complaints of northern residents in winter. Therefore, the water leakage of the water supply and heating pipe network system has great influence on national economy and daily life of residents, and a simple and easy high-precision water supply and heating pipeline leakage detection device is urgently needed for quickly detecting and timely repairing the dew point.
For a water supply and heating pipe network system buried underground, the existing detection method has large limitation, and the traditional methods mainly comprise an ultrasonic method, an infrared thermal imaging method, an audible leak detection method, a water pressure detection method and the like. In actual use, the methods have many defects, and the detection precision is too low due to poor penetration of ultrasonic waves to cement concrete; the infrared thermal imaging usually requires that a leakage water source and the ambient temperature have obvious temperature difference; the listening method has high requirements on operators and cannot work normally in a noisy environment; the water pressure monitoring is an estimation and prediction method by utilizing the water pressure difference at the main gate, and only large-scale leakage events can be monitored, and the effect of the condition of micro leakage and water leakage which have little influence on the total pressure is often poor. Meanwhile, the methods can only judge whether water leakage occurs or not, and cannot accurately and quickly locate the leakage point, and the inherent defects of the methods cannot meet the practical requirements of universality and rapidity of high-precision location of the water leakage point.
Aiming at the detection requirement of accurate positioning of water leakage of a pipe network, some researchers develop a miniature real-time pressure detector array based on a microcontroller, the detector is arranged in a pipeline at the initial stage of laying the pipeline, the air pressure of the pipeline is monitored in a real-time segmented mode, the running condition of the pipeline is displayed in real time through a wireless communication means, the equipment is high in accuracy and strong in real-time performance, and the problems that the cost is high, the service life of an electronic device is difficult to guarantee, a power supply system is difficult to design and the like are also brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a test system for detecting the leakage point of a water supply and heating pipe network system buried underground by using a microwave technology by adopting the microwave test technology aiming at the defect of detection means of the water supply and heating pipe network system buried underground. The invention realizes the purpose of high-precision positioning of the water leakage point of the embedded water supply and heating pipe network system taking the polymer pipe as the main body based on the influence of the difference of the dielectric properties of the materials on the resonant frequency of the microwave antenna.
The dielectric property of the material is analyzed, and in a microwave frequency band, the relative dielectric constant of the dry concrete is about 4-6, the relative dielectric constant of the PVC pipe is about 3-4, and the relative dielectric constant of water is about 70-85. From the data, the relative dielectric constant of water is much higher than that of dry concrete. Under the normal condition without leakage, the microwave antenna resonates under an electromagnetic field, and the resonant peak frequency fluctuates in a range under the influence of dry concrete; when water leakage occurs, the water content of the concrete rises, the dielectric constant of the microwave of the water-containing concrete is obviously changed relative to that of dry concrete, and the relation between the dielectric constant and the change of the resonant frequency is given by the formulas (1) and (2).
In the formula f0And fL、Q0And QLRespectively representing the resonant frequency and the quality factor, V, of the antenna itself0Indicating the volume of the antenna, VLRepresents the sample volume, this term being constant in the actual measurement. Wherein, alpha, beta,γ is a constant related to the antenna properties.
The method can be used for detecting the water leakage of the pipe network by showing the influence on the resonance frequency offset of the antenna through the obvious change of the dielectric constant. Meanwhile, the invention adopts a microwave frequency band for testing, when the microwave frequency is 5GHz, the wavelength of the microwave in the air is 6 cm, and the wavelength of the microwave in the concrete is about 2.6 cm, so that the centimeter-level testing precision can be realized, and the positioning precision of the method is far higher than that of the conventional water leakage detection method. Through the principle, the high-precision positioning detection of the water leakage point can be realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1) a network analyzer is used as a signal generating device to send out a microwave signal at 5GHz, the microwave signal is fed into a panel antenna which is 5 cm away from the ground, the antenna receives an echo signal generated when the microwave signal is reflected on the ground after the microwave signal vertically irradiates the ground without leakage, electromagnetic field resonance can be formed in the antenna, and a resonance peak value and a resonance peak frequency are recorded on a signal receiving and transmitting device as reference values;
2) testing the ground to be tested by using the method in the step 1 to obtain a resonance peak value and a resonance frequency, and recording a test waveform at the moment;
3) by utilizing the characteristic that the offset of the resonance peak is uniformly changed, the frequency and the peak value of the resonance peak of the concrete with the known standard water content in the database are inquired through self-programming software in the network analyzer, and then the grade of whether the ground to be detected leaks water or not and the grade of water leakage can be calculated through interpolation.
Based on the difference of the dielectric properties of the materials, the influence of the resonant frequency of the microwave antenna is quickly detected by the leakage point detection method, and the detection method relies on one set of hardware equipment for detection. The hardware system is totally divided into three modules, firstly, a microwave signal with the frequency of 5GHz is generated through a microwave signal transceiving device, the microwave signal is fed into a special flat antenna which is 5 cm away from the ground, the antenna receives an echo signal generated when the microwave signal is reflected on the ground after the microwave signal vertically irradiates the detection ground, electromagnetic field resonance can be formed inside the antenna, and a resonance peak value and a resonance peak frequency are displayed on the signal transceiving device.
Judging whether the ground leaks water and the water leakage grade is given by self-made software, the whole software is realized by a man-machine interaction interface, a calculation imaging algorithm and a control algorithm, wherein the man-machine interaction interface is mainly used for operation and interaction and can be realized by an external screen, the calculation analysis algorithm uses a large amount of actual measurement data to establish a resonance peak and a resonance frequency database of actual measured material resonance data under different humidity, and because the offset of the resonance peak is uniformly changed, the resonance peak frequency and the peak value of concrete with known standard water content in the database are inquired during actual measurement and combined with a formula (3)
ε0＝v1ε1+v2ε2 (3)
In the formula of0For measured dielectric constant,. epsilon1For setting the dielectric constant of the concrete, e2Is a constant value of the dielectric constant of water, v1To normalise the concrete volume, v2Normalized to the volume of water in the concrete.
The interpolation can calculate whether the unknown ground leaks water or not and the water leakage grade; the control algorithm is to control the transmission and the reception of the signal source through the main control circuit and control the buzzer to give an alarm when the leakage is detected.
The invention has the advantages in the aspect of detecting the leakage of the pipeline: compared with other microwave methods for analyzing wave and echo signals, the method has the advantages that the adopted resonance perturbation method is higher in precision, more sensitive in sensing range and higher in anti-interference capability, whether pipelines at 50 cm underground leak or not can be tested under the condition that the physical structure is not damaged, and the method has great application value in the building safety industry.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the detection system of the present invention, in which 1 is a high directivity antenna, 2 is a frequency source, 3 is an upper concrete floor of a buried pipeline, and 4 is an embedded pipeline.
Fig. 2 shows a constitutional structure of the entire system.
Fig. 3 shows the resonance diagram of the original antenna on the ground without water leakage.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the shift of the resonance peak after the resonance peak is tested in a water leaking ground.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, in the figure, 1 is a high directivity antenna, and by connecting with a frequency source 2, a signal 5 sent by the frequency source is transmitted and received through the antenna to generate resonance, 3 is a concrete ground on the upper layer of a buried water pipeline, 4 is an embedded pipeline, and under the action of 3 and 4, a resonance peak is stable, if 4 leaks, water leaks into 3, the dielectric constant of 3 can be changed remarkably, the resonance peak can be shifted according to the change, and the water leakage grade of the pipeline can be measured according to the relation between the offset and the water leakage quantity.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the entire system, which mainly comprises two parts, namely a software part and a hardware part, wherein the software part can be a human-computer interaction interface, a calculation analysis algorithm and a control algorithm, and the hardware part mainly comprises a power supply circuit, a control circuit, a microwave signal source and a high-directivity antenna.
Fig. 3 shows a signal echo image S21 of the normal leakage-free signal obtained by measuring the device of the present invention on the ground with no leakage, wherein the resonant frequency of the antenna receiving signal is 4.85GHz, the signal peak value is-10 dB, and the difference between the signal peak value and the signal valley value is about 20 dB.
Fig. 4 shows a signal echo image S21 when the device of the present invention is used for measuring on a pipeline leakage ground, and the obtained resonant frequency of the antenna receiving signal is 4.88GHz, the signal resonant frequency has an obvious offset of 30Mhz, the peak value of the signal is greatly attenuated, and the difference between the peak value and the valley value of the final resonant signal is about-10 dB. The waveform is obviously different from the test waveform of the ground without water leakage.
The invention has the specific structure that: the realization of the invention is mainly completed by two parts, namely a software part and a hardware part, wherein the software part can be a human-computer interaction interface, a calculation analysis algorithm and a control algorithm, the hardware part mainly comprises a power supply circuit, a control circuit, a microwave signal source and a high-directivity antenna, and the whole structure is shown in figure 2. The hardware part mainly comprises three parts, except a power supply circuit, the core of the hardware part is a microwave signal source and a high-quality directional antenna, the microwave signal source is used for receiving and transmitting microwave signals, a typical microwave signal source can use a vector network analyzer to select different resonant frequency band antennas to generate resonant signals, and leakage measurement with different accuracies can be realized; the directional antenna mainly comprises a rectangular antenna and a band-pass filter, and the band-pass filter filters resonance peaks of other frequencies, so that the signal power is more concentrated, and the measured data is more accurate.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) installation and leveling of the instrument: the testing instrument is horizontally placed at a certain height away from the surface of the surface to be tested, the level instrument on the upper part of the testing instrument is used for confirming that the antenna is parallel to the surface to be tested, the power supply is determined to be correct, and the testing instrument is turned on.
2) Starting up and initializing: and starting a power supply of the detector, starting a self-checking program of the detector, sequentially detecting whether each part has faults or not, initializing each module after the self-checking is finished, entering a state to be calibrated, prompting the completion of starting the device by a screen, and starting to calibrate the device.
3) Collecting environmental information, calibrating the detector: and inputting data such as temperature, humidity, air pressure and the like acquired by the environment into the detector through the touch screen, completing detection step by step according to the prompt of the detector, prompting the completion of detection through the screen after the detection is completed, and waiting for the test.
4) Waiting for a test result: and clicking a test button to test whether the pipeline at the place where the pipeline is placed leaks or not, if no leakage occurs at the place, displaying the normal place on a screen, and if the leakage occurs at the place, alarming and displaying the leakage grade.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples:
example one, pipeline leakage device signal is compared with ordinary signal
1) The device of the invention is measured on normal non-pipeline ground, the resonance frequency of the antenna receiving signal is 4.85GHz, and the S21 scanning frequency spectrum is shown in figure 3.
2) The device of the invention is used for measuring on the ground with the underground pipeline, the obtained resonance frequency is 4.88GHz, the amplitude is also reduced, and the S21 scanning frequency spectrum is shown as the dotted line part in figure 2:
3) inputting the peak value and the frequency value of the two-time resonance frequency into software, and obtaining the water leakage condition and the water leakage grade.
4) According to different resonant frequency S parameters, the difference of common ground, ground embedded with a heating pipeline and leakage of the heating can be clearly distinguished, and whether the heating leaks or not can be detected.
Example two the result of actual measurement of leakage pipeline by using higher-precision antenna
1) Installation and leveling of the instrument: the method comprises the steps of horizontally placing a testing instrument at a certain height from the surface of a surface to be tested, using a connection network analyzer as a signal source, selecting a high-precision antenna connection instrument with the resonant frequency of 10GHz, confirming that a high-directivity antenna is parallel to the surface to be tested by using a level meter on the upper portion of the instrument, determining that power supply is correct, turning on the instrument, and lighting a red light of an indicator light.
2) Starting up and initializing: and starting a power supply of the detector, starting a self-checking program of the detector, sequentially detecting whether each part has faults or not, initializing each module after the self-checking is finished, entering a state to be calibrated, and prompting the completion of starting up by a screen to start calibrating the instrument.
3) Collecting environmental information, calibrating the detector: inputting data such as temperature, humidity, air pressure and the like collected by the environment into a detector through a touch screen, completing detection step by step according to the prompt of the detector, and after the detection is completed, prompting the completion of the detection through a screen and waiting for the detection.
4) Waiting for a test result: the instrument was used on dry bare ground and the test was started by clicking, where no leakage occurred, and the screen showed that this was normal with a leakage rating of 0.
5) Pouring a small amount of water into the dry and bare ground, naturally evaporating for one hour after full absorption, and testing by using the instrument, wherein the instrument alarms and displays that leakage occurs at the place, and the leakage grade is 4.
A large amount of water was poured into the dry place and after sufficient absorption, the apparatus was used for testing, whereupon the apparatus alarmed and indicated here that leakage occurred, with a leakage rating of 10.
Claims (1)
1. The method for detecting the leakage of the embedded water supply and heat supply pipeline based on the microwave detection technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) a network analyzer is used as a signal generating device to send out a microwave signal at 5GHz, the microwave signal is fed into a panel antenna which is 5 cm away from the ground, the antenna receives an echo signal generated when the microwave signal is reflected on the ground after the microwave signal vertically irradiates the ground with no leakage, electromagnetic field resonance can be formed in the antenna, and a resonance peak value and a resonance peak frequency are recorded on a signal receiving and transmitting device as reference values;
2) testing the ground to be tested by using the method in the step 1 to obtain a resonance peak value and a resonance frequency, and recording a test waveform at the moment;
3) by utilizing the characteristic that the offset of the resonance peak is uniformly changed, the frequency and the peak value of the resonance peak of the concrete with the known standard water content in a database are inquired through self-programming software in a network analyzer, and then the grade of whether the ground to be detected leaks water or not and the grade of water leakage can be calculated through interpolation;
under the normal condition without leakage, the microwave antenna resonates under an electromagnetic field, and the resonance peak frequency fluctuates in a range under the influence of dry concrete; when water leakage occurs, the water content of the concrete is increased, the dielectric constant of the microwave of the water-containing concrete is obviously changed relative to dry concrete, and the relation between the dielectric constant and the change of the resonant frequency is given through the formulas (1) and (2);
in the formula f0And fL、Q0And QLRespectively representing the resonant frequency and the quality factor, V, of the antenna itself0Indicating the volume of the antenna，VLRepresenting the sample volume, which term is constant in the actual measurement, wherein α, β, γ are constants related to the antenna properties;
judging whether the ground leaks water and the water leakage grade is given by self-made software, the whole software is realized by a man-machine interaction interface, a calculation imaging algorithm and a control algorithm, wherein the man-machine interaction interface is mainly used for operation and interaction and can be realized by an external screen, the calculation analysis algorithm uses a large amount of actual measurement data to establish a resonance peak and a resonance frequency database of actual measured material resonance data under different humidity, and because the offset of the resonance peak is uniformly changed, the resonance peak frequency and the peak value of concrete with known standard water content in the database are inquired during actual measurement and combined with a formula (3)
ε0＝V1ε1+V2ε2 (3)
In the formula of0For measured dielectric constant,. epsilon1For setting the dielectric constant of the concrete, e2Is a constant value of the dielectric constant of water, V1For normalised concrete volume, V2The normalized volume of water in the concrete;
the interpolation can calculate whether the unknown ground leaks water or not and the water leakage grade; the control algorithm is to control the emission and the reception of the signal source through the main control circuit and control the buzzer to alarm when the leakage is detected.
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