CN111350027B - Composite structures and dispersions - Google Patents

Composite structures and dispersions Download PDF

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CN111350027B
CN111350027B CN201910052610.9A CN201910052610A CN111350027B CN 111350027 B CN111350027 B CN 111350027B CN 201910052610 A CN201910052610 A CN 201910052610A CN 111350027 B CN111350027 B CN 111350027B
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composite structure
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silver wire
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CN111350027A (en
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赵蓓瑩
黄泳彬
韩姿娴
叶佩宜
李国兴
陈志龙
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Industrial Technology Research Institute ITRI
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
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Abstract

The present disclosure provides composite structures and dispersions comprising the same. The composite structure comprises 1 weight part of nano silver wire and 1.2 to 3 weight parts of nano fiber, and the ratio of the diameter of the nano silver wire to the diameter of the nano fiber is 1:1 to 1: 10. The composite structure of the present invention can solve the problems of uneven dispersion, high sheet resistance, etc. encountered in the prior art, and achieve the advantage of reduced usage (low cost).

Description

Composite structures and dispersions
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a composite structure and a dispersion comprising the same.
Background
In recent years, there has been a trend for textiles to be incorporated with electronic components into wearable electronic devices. The conductive film has great potential application in optoelectronic products, such as solar energy, flat panel display, electroluminescent device, and wearable electronic device, especially in small and portable electronic products, which are widely used in daily life. The conductive film is required to have the characteristics of transparency, light weight, flexibility, high conductivity, low cost and the like. The nano silver wire has high conductivity, excellent optical performance, bending deformation resistance and other performance, and is considered as an ideal material.
The nano silver wires are randomly scattered in the solvent, and after film forming, the nano silver wires are overlapped in a staggered mode to achieve high conductivity. Therefore, uniformity has a great influence on the uniformity of resistance of the transparent conductive film. However, the dispersibility is not good, the stacking degree is not uniform, the resistance value of the material is easily uneven, and the conductive property of the material is further affected.
Therefore, there is a need for a novel composite structure to solve the problems of non-uniform dispersion, high sheet resistance, etc. encountered in the prior art and achieve the advantage of reduced usage (low cost).
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite structure including a nano silver wire having improved dispersibility to substantially overcome the disadvantages of the prior art in material resistance values.
An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composite structure, including: 1 part by weight of nano silver wire; and 1.2 to 3 parts by weight of nanofibers, wherein the ratio between the diameter of the nanosilver wire and the diameter of the nanofibers is between 1:1 and 1: 10.
Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a dispersion comprising: 1 part by weight of nano silver wire; 1.2 to 3 parts by weight of nanofibers; and 500 to 2000 parts by weight of a solvent, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the nano silver wire to the diameter of the nano fiber is 1:1 to 1: 10.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, by regulating and controlling the diameter range of the nano-fiber and matching the wire diameter ratio of the specific nano-silver wire, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen of the nano-fiber have good acting force and can be wound and combined with each other to increase the affinity among composite structures, so that the problem of uneven dispersion in the prior art is solved, and the advantages of low consumption, cost saving and low resistance of the nano-silver wire are achieved; in addition, when the composite structure is used for the outer layer of the intelligent textile, good conductive effect and improved air permeability (high porosity) can be achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of a composite conductive layer of nano silver wires and nano fibers in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composite structure, including: 1 part by weight of nano silver wire; and 1.2 to 3 parts by weight of nanofibers, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the silver nanowires to the diameter of the nanofibers is between 1:1 and 1: 10. If the weight fraction of the nano-silver wires is too high (i.e. the weight fraction of the nano-fibers is too low), the cost is high and the color is dark. If the weight ratio of the nano silver wires is too low (i.e. the weight ratio of the nano fibers is too high), the nano silver wires cannot be connected and cannot conduct electricity. If the ratio of the diameter of the nano-silver wire to the diameter of the nanofiber is too high (i.e., the nanofiber is too thin and/or the nano-silver wire is too thick), the nano-silver wire cannot be uniformly dispersed in the carrier of the nanofiber. If the ratio of the diameter of the nano-silver wire to the diameter of the nano-fiber is too low (i.e., the nano-fiber is too thick and/or the nano-silver wire is too thin), the unevenness of the nano-fiber is increased, and the nano-silver wire is not easily connected.
In one embodiment, the diameter of the silver nanowire is between 50nm and 80nm, and the length of the silver nanowire is between 20 μm and 50 μm. In another embodiment, the aspect ratio of the silver nanowires is between 300 and 1000. If the diameter of the nano silver wire is too small, the unevenness of the nano fiber is relatively increased, so that the nano silver wire is not easy to connect. If the diameter of the nano silver wire is too large, the nano silver wire cannot be uniformly dispersed in the carrier of the nanofiber.
In one embodiment, the diameter of the nanofibers is between 50nm and 500nm, and when the diameter of the nanofibers falls within the range, the nanofibers are conductive and can be connected (but can not self-gather) to the silver nanowires, thereby reducing the sheet resistance. If the diameter of the nano fiber is less than 50nm, the nano fiber is too thin to bear the nano silver wire force. If the diameter of the nanofiber is greater than 500nm, the nanofiber is too thick, so that the surface is not flat, and when the nano silver wire is loaded on the nanofiber, the obstacle to be crossed when the nano silver wires are communicated with each other is high, so that high resistance is easily caused.
Typically, nanocellulose has a diameter of about 5 to 20nm, a length of about 1 to 2 μm, and an aspect ratio of 50 to 400. The nano-cellulose fiber is a structure with dispersed single fiber, and the fibers cannot be intertwined with each other. Therefore, the nano silver wires cannot be supported on the nano cellulose to form a composite structure of an interpenetrating network (intertwined), so that the nano cellulose is not suitable for the composite structure.
Conversely, the nanofibers in the disclosed embodiments are long and continuous in a staggered structure, and the fibers may be intertwined. In one embodiment, the diameter of the nanosilver wire is about 50nm to 80nm, and the overall diameter is much wider and longer than the diameter of the nanocellulose. On the other hand, the diameter of the nano-fiber used in the embodiment is 50-500nm, the length is not limited, the nano-fiber is beneficial to supporting the nano-silver wires to form an interpenetrating reticular composite structure which is intertwined with each other, and the nano-silver wires are effectively dispersed.
In an embodiment, the nanofiber includes Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), Polyimide (PI), Polyurethane (PU), Polyamide (PA), or a combination thereof.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the viscosity of the polymer of the nanofiber ranges from 1000 cps to 4000cps at 25 ℃, and the viscosity of the polymer of the nanofiber is proportional to the molecular weight thereof. If the polymer viscosity of the nanofibers is too low, the desired nanofiber size cannot be electrospun. If the polymer viscosity of the nanofiber is too high, electrostatic spinning cannot be performed.
In a particular embodiment, the composite structure may further include a conductive material. The conductive material comprises graphene, carbon nanotubes, polydioxyethyl thiophene, polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT: PSS), or a combination thereof.
In a particular embodiment, the composite structure may further comprise an adhesive. For example, the binder may be a polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or a combination thereof. The adhesive used in this embodiment can help bond the composite structure to other carriers and increase adhesion.
In one embodiment, the porosity of the composite structure is between 60% and 90%, the transmittance is between 70% and 90%, and the sheet resistance value is between 1 Ω/□ and 103Omega/□. In the embodiment, the polymer is spun into the nanofiber by the electrostatic spinning technology to form the continuous and long nanofiber, and the specific surface area and the micropores are increased by physical winding and stacking, so that the composite structure has high porosity and is breathable.
In one embodiment, the composite structure can be attached to any shape of substrate (e.g., flat, curved, wire (e.g., EL), or irregular material). On the other hand, the nano silver wire can be processed by dipping (dipping), spraying (spraying), coating (coating) and other processes to form a composite structure with low sheet resistance.
In one embodiment, the planar composite structure with low sheet resistance may be cut into strips and then wrapped around an electronic product (e.g., a flat board) or an outer layer of an intelligent textile by winding (wrapping) to achieve the conductive effect and good air permeability (high porosity).
Other embodiments of the present disclosure provide a dispersion comprising: 1 part by weight of nano silver wire; 1.2 to 3 parts by weight of nanofibers; and 500 to 2000 parts by weight of solvent, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the nano silver wire to the diameter of the nano fiber is between 1:1 and 1: 10. In one embodiment, the aspect ratio of the silver nanowires is between 300 and 1000. If the ratio of the solvent is too low, the cost is too high and the dispersion is not uniform. If the proportion of the solvent is too high, subsequent processing is not easy.
In one embodiment, the solvent includes water, ethanol, other suitable solvents, or a combination thereof. Notably, the solvent does not dissolve the nanofibers. Alternatively, the composite structure may be formed on a substrate (e.g., a wire rod) by impregnating the substrate with the dispersion, taking out and drying the dispersion to remove the solvent. On the other hand, the dispersion can also be directly sprayed on the surface of the nanofiber to form the composite structure.
In summary, the embodiment of the disclosure utilizes the specific diameter ratio between the nano silver wire and the nano fiber to make the carbon, oxygen and nitrogen of the nano fiber have good acting force to be intertwined and combined with each other, so as to increase the affinity between the composite structures and improve the uniformity of the dispersion.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure more comprehensible, several embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below:
examples
Preparation example 1 (silver nanowire)
Putting 100ml of ethylene glycol into a reaction flask, adding 0.01mole of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, weight average molecular weight of 360000) as a protective agent, fully stirring (rotating speed of 200rpm), and uniformly dispersing the polyvinylpyrrolidone in the ethylene glycol to obtain a first solution. Silver nitrate (0.01 mole) and NiSO40.0003mole were dissolved in ethylene glycol (50 ml), and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to obtain a second solution. Then, the first solution was heated to 150 ℃ and the second solution was added to the first solution to obtain a third solution (molar ratio of NiSO4 to silver nitrate 1:0.0006, molar ratio of PVP to silver nitrate 1). And after the third solution reacts for 51 minutes, carrying out centrifugal purification on the third solution and washing the third solution by deionized water to obtain the nano silver wire. More specifically, please refer to taiwan patent I476160 for a process of preparing a silver nanowire.
Preparation example 2 (nanofibers)
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was dissolved in a 99.8% dimethylacetamide solvent and stirred at room temperature for 24-48 hours to form a 10 wt% polymer solution. The polymer solution is placed in an electric field environment (voltage is 40-60kV) to carry out electrospinning (spinning distance is 14-18cm), and nanofibers with uniform diameter distribution are obtained through interlacing and interweaving, wherein the diameters of the nanofibers are about 100-200 nm.
Preparation example 3 (nanofibers)
Polyimide (PI) was dissolved in 99.8% dimethylacetamide solvent and stirred at room temperature for 24-48 hours to form a 25 wt% polymer solution. And (3) placing the polymer solution in an electric field environment (with the voltage of 40-60kV) to carry out electrospinning by electrostatic spinning (the spinning distance is 14-18cm), and obtaining the nanofibers with uniform diameter distribution, wherein the diameters are about 75-250nm through interlacing and interweaving.
Preparation example 4 (nanofibers)
Polyurethane (PU) was dissolved in 99.8% dimethylacetamide solvent and stirred at room temperature for 24-48 hours to form a 12 wt% polymer solution. The polymer solution is placed in an electric field environment (voltage is 40-60kV) to carry out electrospinning (spinning distance is 14-18cm), and nanofibers with uniform diameter distribution are obtained through interlacing and interweaving, wherein the diameter is about 250-400 nm.
Example 1
First, a Nonwoven fabric (Nonwoven fabric) is provided as a substrate. Laying a layer of 2g/m basis weight on top of the substrate2Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, which is at 25 deg.c)The lower viscosity is between 1000 and 4000cps, the diameter is 100-200nm) as a nano silver wire carrier. Then, 0.5mg/ml of nano silver wire (the length-diameter ratio is 300-1000-), which is dispersed in the water solution, is sprayed on the polyacrylonitrile nano fiber layer to form a nano silver wire conductive layer, the spraying speed is 250mm/s, and the air flow speed is 0.4kg/cm2The spraying height was 4.5cm, and after the spraying, the composite structure (1) was obtained by baking in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 minutes. The porosity was calculated as 79.57% and the sheet resistance value was 268. omega./□, as shown in Table 1, using a four-point probe low resistivity meter (model MCP-T370). Herein, the porosity in the present disclosure refers to the percentage of the pore volume in the bulk material to the total volume of the material in the natural state. The porosity P is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0001951303060000051
in formula 1, P is the material porosity, V0Is the volume (cm) of the material in the natural state3Or m3)，ρ0Is the bulk density (g/cm) of the material3Or kg/m3) And V is the absolute dense volume (cm) of the material3Or m3) And ρ is the material density (g/cm)3Or kg/m3)。
Example 2
First, a nonwoven fabric is provided as a base material. Laying a layer of 2g/m basis weight on top of the substrate2The polyacrylonitrile nanofiber (PAN, which has a viscosity of 1000 to 4000cps at 25 ℃ and a diameter of 100-200nm) is used as a nano silver wire carrier. Then, 0.5mg/ml of nano silver wire (the length-diameter ratio is 300-1000-), which is dispersed in the water solution, is sprayed on the polyacrylonitrile nano fiber layer to form a nano silver wire conductive layer, the spraying speed is 200mm/s, and the air flow speed is 0.6kg/cm2And (3) after spraying, baking the coating in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain a composite structure (2), wherein the spraying height is 4.5 cm. The porosity was calculated as 78.43%, and the sheet resistance value was 161. omega./□ was obtained as shown in Table 1 using a four-point probe low resistivity meter (model MCP-T370).
Example 3
First, a nonwoven fabric is provided as a base material. Laying a layer of 2g/m basis weight on top of the substrate2The polyacrylonitrile nanofiber (PAN, which has a viscosity of 1000 to 4000cps at 25 ℃ and a diameter of 100-200nm) is used as a nano silver wire carrier. Then, 0.5mg/ml of nano silver wire (the length-diameter ratio is 300-1000-), which is dispersed in the water solution, is sprayed on the polyacrylonitrile nano fiber layer to form a nano silver wire conductive layer, the spraying speed is 200mm/s, and the air flow speed is 0.4kg/cm2And (3) after spraying, baking the coating in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain the composite structure (3), wherein the spraying height is 4.5 cm. The porosity was calculated as 77.95% by the formula, and the sheet resistance value was 89.1. omega./□ as shown in Table 1, obtained by a four-point probe low resistivity meter (model MCP-T370).
Example 4
First, a nonwoven fabric is provided as a base material. Laying a layer of 2g/m basis weight on top of the substrate2The polyacrylonitrile nanofiber (PAN, which has a viscosity of 1000 to 4000cps at 25 ℃ and a diameter of 100-200nm) is used as a nano silver wire carrier. Then, 0.5mg/ml of nano silver wire (the length-diameter ratio is 300-1000-), which is dispersed in the water solution, is sprayed on the polyacrylonitrile nano fiber layer to form a nano silver wire conductive layer, the spraying speed is 100mm/s, and the air flow speed is 0.6kg/cm2And (3) after spraying, baking the coating in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain a composite structure (4), wherein the spraying height is 4.5 cm. The porosity was calculated as 74.48% by the equation and the sheet resistance value was 23.9 Ω/□ as shown in Table 1 using a four-point probe low resistivity meter (model MCP-T370).
Example 5
First, a nonwoven fabric is provided as a base material. Laying a layer of 2g/m basis weight on top of the substrate2The polyimide (PI, with viscosity at 25 ℃ between 1000 and 4000cps and diameter of 75-250nm) as a nanosilver wire carrier. Then, 0.5mg/ml of nano silver wire (the length-diameter ratio is 300-1000-), which is dispersed in the aqueous solution, is sprayed on the polyimide nano fiber layer to form a nano silver wire conductive layer, wherein the spraying speed is 200mm/s, and the air flow speed is 0.6kg/cm2The spraying height was 4.5cm, and after the spraying, the composite structure (5) was obtained by baking in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 minutes. Porosity of 88.89% calculated by formulaA sheet resistance value of 16.6. omega./□ was obtained for the low impedance meter (model MCP-T370) as shown in Table 1.
Example 6
Firstly, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) light-transmitting film is provided as a base material. Laying a layer of the basic weight of 0.44g/m on the substrate2Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, viscosity at 25 ℃ between 1000 and 4000cps, diameter 70-100nm) as the nanosilver wire carrier. Then, 0.5mg/ml of nano silver wire (the length-diameter ratio is 300-1000-), which is dispersed in the water solution, is sprayed on the polyacrylonitrile nano fiber layer to form a nano silver wire conductive layer, the spraying speed is 200mm/s, and the air flow speed is 0.6kg/cm2And (3) after spraying, baking the coating in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain a composite structure (6), wherein the spraying height is 4.5 cm. The porosity was calculated as 80.21%, the sheet resistance value was 507. omega./□ was obtained by a four-point probe low resistivity meter (model MCP-T370), and the light transmittance was 75.07% as measured by an integrating sphere spectrophotometer, as shown in Table 1. It is found from this embodiment that 75.07% transmittance is still maintained after the composite structure is formed on the PET light-transmitting film, which shows that this embodiment can be used for products requiring slight transmittance.
Example 7
First, a nonwoven fabric is provided as a base material. Laying a layer of 5.6g/m basis weight on the substrate2The polyurethane (PU, the viscosity of which is between 1000 and 4000cps at 25 ℃ and the diameter of which is 250-400nm) is used as the nano silver wire carrier. Then, 0.5mg/ml of nano silver wire (the length-diameter ratio is 300-1000-), which is dispersed in the aqueous solution, is sprayed on the polyurethane nanofiber layer to form a nano silver wire conductive layer, wherein the spraying speed is 200mm/s, and the air flow speed is 0.6kg/cm2The spraying height was 4.5cm, and after the spraying, the composite structure (7) was obtained by baking in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 minutes. The porosity was calculated as 63.28%, and the sheet resistance value was 211. omega./□ was obtained as shown in Table 1 using a four-point probe low resistivity meter (model MCP-T370).
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001951303060000081
Note that OL is a limit beyond what a four point probe can test
As shown in Table 1, when no nanofibers are present or the aspect ratio of the nanosilver wire is too low (e.g., 50 to 250), the sheet resistance of the resulting composite structure cannot be measured.
Example 8
First, 0.3mm wire was provided as a base material. After the nano-fiber (wire diameter 100-200nm) is uniformly dispersed in the alcohol solvent, 0.1 wt% of nano-silver wire (wire diameter 50-80nm) is slowly added, and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours to form a conductive suspension for later use. Then, a 0.3mm wire is immersed in the conductive suspension for 10 seconds, and then is placed into an oven to be baked for 3 minutes at 80 ℃, so that a composite structure (8, shown in fig. 1) of a conductive layer can be formed on the surface of the wire. The resistance value was obtained as 76.5 Ω as measured with a three-meter (1 cm from the conductive layer), as shown in table 2. In fig. 1, the nano fibers 100 are bent with a large wire diameter, the nano silver wires 110 are bent with a small wire diameter, and the nano fibers 100 and the nano silver wires 110 are in a staggered state, and the nano silver wires 110 are uniformly dispersed among the nano fibers 100 to form a composite structure.
Comparative example 1
First, a nonwoven fabric is provided as a base material. Then, 0.5mg/ml of nano-silver wire (the length-diameter ratio is 300-1000-), which is dispersed in the aqueous solution, is sprayed on the substrate to form a nano-silver wire conductive layer, the spraying speed is 100mm/s, and the air flow speed is 0.6kg/cm2The height of the sprayed layer was 4.5cm, and the sprayed layer was baked in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 minutes to obtain a composite structure (9) in which the sheet resistance could not be measured, as shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
First, a 0.3mm wire is provided as a substrate. Adding the nano silver wire (wire diameter is 50-80nm) into an ethanol solvent, and stirring for 1 hour to form a conductive suspension (0.1 wt%) for later use. And then, soaking the 0.3mm wire rod in the conductive suspension for 10 seconds, and then putting the wire rod into an oven to bake for 3 minutes at the temperature of 80 ℃, thus forming a composite structure (10) of the conductive layer on the surface of the wire rod. The resistance value could not be measured by a three-way meter (1 cm from the conductive layer) as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 3
First, a 0.3mm wire is provided as a substrate. Adding the nano silver wire (wire diameter is 50-80nm) into an ethanol solvent, and stirring for 1 hour to form a conductive suspension (2.5 wt%) for later use. And then, soaking the 0.3mm wire rod in the conductive suspension for 10 seconds, and then putting the wire rod into an oven to bake for 3 minutes at the temperature of 80 ℃, thus forming a composite structure (11) of the conductive layer on the surface of the wire rod. The resistance value obtained was 80 Ω as measured with a three-way ammeter (1 cm from the conductive layer), as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 4
First, a nonwoven fabric is provided as a base material. Laying a layer of 2g/m basis weight on top of the substrate2Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, viscosity at 25 ℃ between 1000 and 4000cps, diameter 100-200nm) as the nanosilver wire carrier. Then, 0.5mg/ml of nano silver wire (the length-diameter ratio is 50-250) is dispersed in the water solution, and a nano silver wire conductive layer is sprayed on the polyacrylonitrile nano fiber layer, wherein the spraying speed is 200mm/s, and the air flow speed is 0.6kg/cm2The spraying height was 4.5cm, and after the spraying, the composite structure (12) was obtained by baking in an oven at 80 ℃ for 10 minutes. The porosity was 78.23% as measured by the porosity calculation formula, and the sheet resistance value could not be measured, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0001951303060000101
Note that OL is a limit beyond what a four point probe can test
As can be seen from table 2, the resulting composite structure was not conductive without nanofibers under the same experimental conditions (as in comparative example 2). To achieve the resistance similar to that of example 8, the amount of the silver nanowires was increased without the nanofibers (as in comparative example 3), which resulted in an increase in cost.
By adjusting the diameter range of the nanofibers and matching with the wire diameter ratio of the specific silver nanowires, the present embodiment not only solves the problem of non-uniform dispersion in the prior art, but also achieves the advantages of low usage of silver nanowires, cost saving and low resistance. On the other hand, the composite structure is used for the outer layer of the intelligent textile, so that a good conductive effect and improved air permeability (high porosity) can be achieved.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to several embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is intended to be defined by the appended claims.

Claims (15)

1. A composite structure, comprising:
1 part by weight of nano silver wire; and
1.2 to 3 parts by weight of nanofibers,
wherein the ratio of the diameter of the nano silver wire to the diameter of the nano fiber is between 1:1 and 1:10, and the diameter of the nano fiber is between 50nm and 500 nm.
2. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the nano-silver wire is between 50nm and 80nm, and the length of the nano-silver wire is between 20 μ ι η and 50 μ ι η.
3. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the aspect ratio of the silver nanowires is between 300 and 1000.
4. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the nanofiber is polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyimide, polyurethane, polyamide, or a combination thereof.
5. The composite structure of claim 1, further comprising an electrically conductive material.
6. The composite structure of claim 5, wherein the conductive material is graphene, carbon nanotubes, poly ethylenedioxythiophene, polystyrene sulfonic acid, or combinations thereof.
7. The composite structure of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive.
8. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the porosity of the composite structure is between 60% to 90%.
9. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the optical transparency of the composite structure is between 70% and 90%.
10. The composite structure of claim 1, wherein the composite structure has a sheet resistance value of 1 Ω/□ to 103Omega/□.
11. A dispersion comprising:
1 part by weight of nano silver wire;
1.2 to 3 parts by weight of nanofibers; and
500 to 2000 parts by weight of solvent, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the nano silver wire to the diameter of the nano fiber is between 1:1 and 1:10, and the diameter of the nano fiber is between 50nm and 500 nm.
12. The dispersion of claim 11, wherein the diameter of the nano-silver wire is between 50nm and 80nm, and the length of the nano-silver wire is between 20 μm and 50 μm.
13. The dispersion of claim 11, wherein the aspect ratio of the silver nanowires is between 300 and 1000.
14. The dispersion of claim 11, wherein the nanofibers are polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyimide, polyurethane, polyamide, or combinations thereof.
15. The dispersion of claim 11, wherein the solvent is water, ethanol, or a combination thereof.
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