CN111349338A - Lamellar array composite material for heat absorption and conduction and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel lamellar array composite nanomaterial, wherein metal nanoparticle nucleation sites are supported on a graphene lamellar, and a conductive polymer nano-cluster array grows on the nucleation sites in situ, namely conductive polymer nano-clusters are formed by conductive polymer nano-wires growing on the graphene lamellar in a direction far away from the graphene lamellar. The material has a nanoscale lamellar structure, the surface of the lamellar structure is provided with a secondary structure of a nano array, and the material can be used in the fields of thermal conductivity sensors, drug carriers, thermosensitive devices, photothermal therapy materials and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel lamellar array composite nanomaterial, in particular to a material which has a nanoscale lamellar structure, has a secondary structure of a nano array on the surface of a lamellar, and can be used in the fields of thermal conductivity sensors, drug carriers, thermosensitive devices, photothermal therapy materials and the like.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the composite material.
Background
The conductive material with the multilevel nano structure has huge application potential in the fields of electronics, energy, biomedicine and the like. The unique two-dimensional crystal structure of the graphene, which is a newly discovered carbon allotrope, endows the graphene with excellent electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, so that the graphene becomes a popular material in the field of heat-conducting devices. But we also see that the graphene has a lamellar structure, so that stacking is easy to occur, the substance transfer is difficult to realize effectively, and the application of the graphene in an electrode is greatly hindered. Therefore, the three-dimensional multi-level nano structure is established, and the limitation of the lamellar structure of the nano structure can be broken through, so that the graphene material can be effectively applied. The conductive polymer material represented by polypyrrole is a novel material with both organic and inorganic properties, and has great application potential in a wide range of fields. Because the composite material is synthesized by a chemical or electrochemical method from bottom to top, the morphology structure of the composite material can be effectively regulated and controlled in a nanoscale, and the composite preparation with other materials is easy to realize. Particularly, the material has excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, and is a unique novel material for photothermal therapy.
In conclusion, the graphene/conductive polymer composite material with the multilevel nanostructure is designed and prepared, so that the advantages of the graphene/conductive polymer composite material in the aspects of photo-generated heat and heat conduction can be combined, the defects of the graphene/conductive polymer composite material and the heat conduction can be overcome, the graphene/conductive polymer composite material can be applied to the fields of photo-thermal targeted therapy and the like, and the graphene/conductive polymer composite material has important application value.
The method utilizes the characteristics of large specific surface area and ultrahigh thermal conductivity of the graphene material to prepare electrochemical nucleation sites for growing the conductive polymer on the surface of the graphene material, and constructs the graphene material. Then, an electrochemical polymerization method is adopted, a polypyrrole nano array grows in situ, and a multi-stage composite nano structure is prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel lamellar array composite material, which consists of a nanosheet structure and an ordered conducting polymer nano array structure attached to the surface of a lamellar, has the advantages of high conductivity, large specific surface area, high light absorption and heat conversion efficiency and the like, and can be used as a thermal conductivity sensor, a drug carrier, a thermosensitive device, a photo-thermal targeting treatment material and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific scheme to realize:
a multi-level structure composite material comprises a graphene material, metal nanoparticle nucleation sites are loaded on the graphene material, and a conductive polymer nanocluster array grows on the nucleation sites in situ. The metal nano-particles are nano-particles of one or more than two alloys of palladium, platinum, gold, silver and iridium. The noble metal nano-particles have good stability in a high-potential electrochemical environment, and the adsorption property of the noble metal nano-particles on precursor molecules of the conductive polymer enables the noble metal nano-particles to be used as nucleation sites for the growth of the conductive polymer. The conductive polymer is one of polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene and polyacetylene. The conductive polymer can perform electrochemical polymerization reaction under the condition of aqueous solution electrochemical oxidation, thereby realizing the growth of the nano array.
In the composite material, the mass content of graphene is 20-75%; the mass content of the conductive polymer is 5-50%; the mass content of the metal nano particles is 5-30%.
The diameter of the conductive polymer nanocluster array is 10-500 nanometers, and the length of the conductive polymer nanocluster array is 20-2000 nanometers. The preparation method of the multilevel structure composite material comprises the following steps,
(a) preparing a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites: adding graphite oxide and metal precursor salt into water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1-4 hours, uniformly mixing, volatilizing the solvent until the solid content of the solution is 0.5-20%, and carrying out chemical reduction treatment after freeze drying to obtain a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites;
(b) preparing a multi-level structure composite material: adding an electrolyte solution containing conductive polymer precursor micromolecules and a morphology directing agent into a buffer solution with the pH value ranging from 2 to 13, coating the graphene material obtained in the step (a) on a carbon fiber substrate to be used as a working electrode, and electrochemically polymerizing the conductive polymer precursor micromolecules on nucleation sites of the graphene material in a three-electrode system to obtain the lamellar array composite material.
The noble metal precursor salt in the step (a) is one or more than two of palladium chloride, chloroplatinic acid, iridium chloride, gold chloride and silver nitrate.
The concentration of the graphite oxide in the step (a) is 0.1-10 mg/mL; the mass ratio of the noble metal content in the noble metal precursor salt to the graphite oxide is 0.05-0.8.
The temperature of the volatile solvent in the step (a) is 50-80 ℃; in the freeze drying process, the freezing temperature is below zero centigrade, the drying condition is 0-600Pa pressure vacuum drying, the triple point pressure of water is 660Pa, and when the triple point pressure is lower than the critical pressure, the water only exists in a solid state and a gaseous state, so that the drying process of sublimation of the water can be realized; the chemical reduction treatment in the step (a) is one of hydrogen reduction, sodium borohydride reduction, hydrazine hydrate reduction and vacuum thermal reduction.
The conductive polymer precursor micromolecule in the step (b) is one of pyrrole, aniline, thiophene and acetylene; the concentration of the conductive polymer precursor small molecules in the electrolyte solution is 0.01-0.2M.
The shape directing agent in the step (b) is one or more than two of sodium p-toluenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonic acid and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid; the concentration of the morphology directing agent in the electrolyte solution is 0.01-0.5M.
The buffer solution in the step (b) is preferably one of sodium hydrogen phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate or disodium hydrogen phosphate. In the electrochemical polymerization process of the step (b), a platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode, the polymerization potential is 0.6-0.9V relative to the saturated calomel electrode, the polymerization time is 10-60 minutes, and the polymerization temperature is 5-80 ℃.
When the chemical reduction treatment is hydrogen reduction, the freeze-dried sample is placed in a tube furnace, mixed gas of hydrogen with the hydrogen content of 1-20% and inert gas is introduced, the flow rate is 10-200mL/min, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, the target temperature is 150-350 ℃, and the reduction time is 1-8 h.
The chemical reduction treatment is sodium borohydride reduction or hydrazine hydrate reduction, and the specific steps are that a freeze-dried sample is placed in 0.1-10M aqueous solution of sodium borohydride or hydrazine hydrate, the pH value of the freeze-dried sample is adjusted to 10-14, the freeze-dried sample reacts for 0.2-6h at the temperature of 20-80 ℃, and the freeze-dried sample is taken out and washed clean by deionized water.
The chemical reduction treatment is hydrogen thermal reduction, and the specific steps are that a freeze-dried sample is placed in a tube furnace, hydrogen and argon mixed gas with the hydrogen content of 2-20% is introduced, the flow rate is 10-200mL/min, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, the target temperature is 150-600 ℃, and the reduction time is 1-8 h.
The multi-polar structure material can be used in the fields of thermal conductivity sensors, drug carriers, thermosensitive devices, photo-thermal targeting treatment materials and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synthetic route of the lamellar array composite of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows scanning electron micrographs (a) and transmission electron micrographs (b) of a lamellar array composite (example 1) prepared by the method of the invention. As can be seen from the figure, the lamellar array composite material prepared by the method has a remarkable lamellar and nanowire array structure, the size of the lamellar is about 0.5-2 microns, the diameter of the nanowire is about 10-20 nanometers, and the length of the nanowire is about 50-100 nanometers.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing infrared absorption spectra of a lamellar array composite (example 1) prepared by the method of the present invention, and comparative examples 1 and 2. As can be seen from the figure, the lamellar array composite material prepared by the method has obviously improved infrared absorption capacity.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
(a) preparing a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites: adding 1mg/mL graphite oxide and 1mg/mL chloroplatinic acid into water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour, uniformly mixing, volatilizing a solvent until the solid content of the solution is 10%, freeze-drying, and carrying out chemical reduction treatment on the solution. Obtaining a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites;
(b) preparing a multi-level structure composite material: adding an electrolyte solution containing conductive polymer precursor micromolecules and a morphology directing agent into a phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of about 7, wherein the conductive polymer precursor micromolecules are pyrrole and have the concentration of 0.2mol/L, the morphology directing agent is sodium p-toluenesulfonate and has the concentration of 0.1mol/L, coating the graphene material obtained in the step (a) on a carbon fiber substrate to be used as a working electrode, and coating the graphene material with the loading capacity of 10mg/cm2And electrochemically polymerizing precursor small molecules of the conductive polymer to nucleation sites of the graphene material in a three-electrode system, wherein a reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, the potential is 0.65V, and the polymerization time is 30min, so as to obtain the lamellar array composite material. The scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope results show that the prepared material has a composite structure of a nano short rod array and a nano sheet layer, the size of the sheet layer is about 0.5-1 micron, the diameter of the nano short rod is about 10-20 nanometers, and the length of the nano short rod is about 100 nanometers. Comparative example 1:
preparing a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites: adding 1mg/mL graphite oxide and 1mg/mL chloroplatinic acid into water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour, uniformly mixing, volatilizing a solvent until the solid content of the solution is 10%, freeze-drying, and carrying out chemical reduction treatment on the solution. Obtaining a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites;
comparative example 2:
preparation of conductive polymer material: adding an electrolyte solution containing conductive polymer precursor micromolecules and a morphology directing agent into a phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of about 7, wherein the conductive polymer precursor micromolecules are pyrrole and have the concentration of 0.2mol/L, the morphology directing agent is sodium p-toluenesulfonate and has the concentration of 0.1mol/L, a stainless steel substrate is used as a working electrode, the precursor micromolecules of the conductive polymers are electrochemically polymerized onto the stainless steel substrate in a three-electrode system, the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, the potential is 0.65V, the polymerization time is 30min, and the conductive polymer array growing on the stainless steel substrate is scraped to obtain the conductive polymer material.
Example 2:
(a) preparing a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites: adding 5mg/mL graphite oxide and 2mg/mL chloroauric acid into water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour, uniformly mixing, volatilizing the solvent until the solid content of the solution is 20%, performing freeze drying, and performing chemical reduction treatment on the solution. Obtaining a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites;
(b) preparing a multi-level structure composite material: adding an electrolyte solution containing conductive polymer precursor micromolecules and a morphology directing agent into a phosphoric acid buffer solution with the pH value of about 3, wherein the conductive polymer precursor micromolecules are aniline and have the concentration of 0.1mol/L, the morphology directing agent is p-toluenesulfonic acid and has the concentration of 0.2mol/L, coating the graphene material obtained in the step (a) on a carbon fiber substrate to be used as a working electrode, and coating the graphene material with the loading capacity of 10mg/cm2Electrochemical preparation of small molecules of the precursor of the conductive polymer in a three-electrode systemChemically polymerizing to a nucleation site of the graphene material, wherein the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, the potential is 0.75V, and the polymerization time is 20min, so as to obtain the lamellar array composite material. The scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope results show that the prepared material has a composite structure of a nanometer short rod array and a nanometer sheet layer, the size of the sheet layer is about 0.5-1 micron, the diameter of the nanometer short rod is about 50 nanometers, and the length of the nanometer short rod is about 200 nanometers.
Claims (11)
1. A metal nanoparticle nucleation site is supported on a graphene sheet, and a conductive polymer nano-cluster array grows on the nucleation site in situ, wherein the conductive polymer nano-cluster array is formed by conductive polymer nano-wires growing on the graphene sheet in a direction far away from the graphene sheet.
2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein:
the metal nanoparticles are nanoparticles of one or more than two of palladium, platinum, gold, silver and iridium or metal alloy of more than two of the palladium, platinum, gold, silver and iridium.
3. The composite material of claim 1, wherein: the conductive polymer is one of polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene and polyacetylene; the diameter of the conducting polymer nanowire is 10-500 nanometers, and the length of the conducting polymer nanowire is 20-2000 nanometers.
4. A composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the composite material, the mass content of graphene is 20-75%; the mass content of the conductive polymer is 5-50%; the mass content of the metal nano particles is 5-30%.
5. A method of preparing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that:
(a) preparing a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites: adding graphite oxide and metal precursor salt into water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1-4 hours, uniformly mixing, volatilizing the solvent until the solid content of the solution is 0.5-20%, and carrying out chemical reduction treatment after freeze drying to obtain a graphene material loaded with metal nanoparticle nucleation sites;
(b) preparing a multi-level structure composite material: adding an electrolyte solution containing conductive polymer precursor micromolecules and a morphology directing agent into a buffer solution with the pH value ranging from 2 to 13, coating the graphene material obtained in the step (a) on a carbon fiber substrate to be used as a working electrode, and electrochemically polymerizing the conductive polymer precursor micromolecules on nucleation sites of the graphene material in a three-electrode system to obtain the lamellar array composite material.
6. A method of preparing a composite material according to claim 5, wherein:
the metal precursor salt in the step (a) is one or more than two of palladium chloride, chloroplatinic acid, iridium chloride, gold chloride and silver nitrate; the concentration of the graphite oxide in the step (a) is 0.1-10 mg/mL; the mass ratio of the noble metal content in the noble metal precursor salt to the graphite oxide is 0.05-0.8.
7. A method of preparing a composite material according to claim 5, wherein:
the temperature of the volatile solvent in the step (a) is 50-80 ℃; in the freeze drying process, the freezing temperature is below zero centigrade, the drying condition is 0-600Pa pressure vacuum drying, the triple point pressure of water is 660Pa, and when the triple point pressure is lower than the critical pressure, the water only exists in a solid state and a gaseous state, so that the drying process of sublimation of the water can be realized; the chemical reduction treatment in the step (a) is one or more than two of hydrogen reduction, sodium borohydride reduction, hydrazine hydrate reduction and vacuum thermal reduction.
8. A method of preparing a composite material according to claim 5, wherein:
the conductive polymer precursor micromolecule in the step (b) is one of pyrrole, aniline, thiophene and acetylene; the concentration of the conductive polymer precursor micromolecules in the electrolyte solution is 0.01-0.2M;
the shape directing agent in the step (b) is one or more than two of sodium p-toluenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonic acid and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid; the concentration of the morphology directing agent in the electrolyte solution is 0.01-0.5M;
the buffer solution in step (b) is preferably phosphoric acid buffer solution.
9. A method of preparing a composite material according to claim 5, wherein:
in the electrochemical polymerization process of the step (b), a platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode, a saturated calomel electrode is used as a reference electrode, the polymerization potential is 0.6-0.9V relative to the saturated calomel electrode, the polymerization time is 10-60 minutes, and the polymerization temperature is 5-80 ℃.
10. A method of making a composite material according to claim 7, wherein:
when the chemical reduction treatment is hydrogen reduction, specifically, a freeze-dried sample is placed in a tube furnace, a mixed gas of hydrogen with the volume content of 1-20% and inert atmosphere gas is introduced, the flow rate is 10-200mL/min, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, the target temperature is 150-;
the chemical reduction treatment is sodium borohydride reduction or hydrazine hydrate reduction, and the specific steps are that a freeze-dried sample is placed in 0.1-10M aqueous solution of sodium borohydride or hydrazine hydrate, the pH value of the freeze-dried sample is adjusted to 10-14, the freeze-dried sample reacts for 0.2-6h at the temperature of 20-80 ℃, and the freeze-dried sample is taken out and washed clean by deionized water;
the chemical reduction treatment is vacuum thermal reduction, and the specific steps are that a freeze-dried sample is placed in a tube furnace, the vacuum degree in the furnace is enabled to be less than 0.2kPa by the vacuum pumping, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, the target temperature is 150-.
11. Use of a composite material according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
the multi-polar structure material can be used in the fields of thermal conductivity sensors, drug carriers, thermosensitive devices and photothermal targeted therapy materials.
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