CN111338386B - Heliostat light condensation efficiency evaluation method under wind load effect - Google Patents

Heliostat light condensation efficiency evaluation method under wind load effect Download PDF

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CN111338386B
CN111338386B CN201911324731.0A CN201911324731A CN111338386B CN 111338386 B CN111338386 B CN 111338386B CN 201911324731 A CN201911324731 A CN 201911324731A CN 111338386 B CN111338386 B CN 111338386B
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heliostat
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area
mirror
points
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CN111338386A (en
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吉柏锋
胥蓓蕾
沙正海
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
    • G05D3/10—Control of position or direction without using feedback
    • G05D3/105—Solar tracker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

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Abstract

本发明提供一种风荷载作用下定日镜聚光效率评估方法，属于定日镜聚光效率评估技术领域。本发明中提出的风荷载作用下定日镜聚光效率评估方法，可以解决现有评估方法中对风荷载引起的结构变形对聚光效率评估的需要，该评估方法不局限于定日镜场建立后的验证性评估，而是可以基于当地气象资料开展计算进行先验性评估，在建造之前进行评估，在定日镜场建造后，可以通过在定日镜表面设置位移传感器，获得定日镜在风荷载作用下表面变形信息后，仍然可以采用本方法进行聚光效率的长期监测，可以为光热发电站提供定日镜聚光效率事先评估和事后监测的计算依据。

Figure 201911324731

The invention provides a method for evaluating the light-gathering efficiency of heliostats under the action of wind load, which belongs to the technical field of light-gathering efficiency evaluation of heliostats. The method for evaluating the concentrating efficiency of heliostats under the action of wind load proposed in the present invention can solve the need for evaluating the concentrating efficiency of the structure deformation caused by the wind load in the existing evaluation methods, and the evaluation method is not limited to the establishment of the heliostat field. Instead, a priori evaluation can be carried out based on local meteorological data, and the evaluation can be carried out before construction. After the construction of the heliostat field, a displacement sensor can be installed on the surface of the heliostat to obtain the heliostat. After the surface deformation information under the action of wind load, the method can still be used for long-term monitoring of the concentrating efficiency, which can provide the calculation basis for the pre-assessment and post-monitoring of the concentrating efficiency of the heliostat for the CSP station.

Figure 201911324731

Description

Heliostat light condensation efficiency evaluation method under wind load effect
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heliostat condensing efficiency evaluation, and relates to a heliostat condensing efficiency evaluation method under the action of wind load.
Background
The heliostat structure is a light gathering device composed of a reflector, a supporting mirror frame, a bottom base, a tracking system, a control system and the like, wherein the reflector surface is supported by a back rigid support, the tracking system tracks the running track of the sun and feeds the track back to the control system, and finally the reflector surface is adjusted to be a proper pitch angle and an azimuth angle so as to ensure that the sunlight is accurately reflected to a heat absorption device on a heat collection tower. In order to accurately reflect the solar rays to the top of the heat collecting tower, the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the heliostat structure are changed at any moment in work.
The current part researches the condensation efficiency of the heliostat under the action of wind load, and the result shows that the condensation loss of the heliostat caused by the wind load is the largest at 14 summer solstices and is as high as 10.73%. The deformation of the heliostat under wind load adopts the method of establishing the relation between discrete nodes and a deformed mirror surface curved surface and adopting a B-spline global curved surface interpolation method to carry out curved surface reconstruction on the discrete nodes. In practice, due to the material properties of the mirror glass, the mirror deformation of the heliostat is not characterized by curved surface bending deformation, but is mainly shear deformation as a whole; secondly, considering that the heliostat panel is provided with a plurality of small independent deformed block glasses, the deformation characteristic of the heliostat is not proper by adopting the reconstruction of the integral node curved surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a heliostat light condensation efficiency evaluation method under the action of wind load, and the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a heliostat condensing efficiency evaluation method under the action of wind load.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a heliostat condensing efficiency evaluation method under the action of wind load comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring a pitch angle and a second azimuth angle of the heliostat at preset time through a first azimuth angle and a height angle of the sun relative to the earth at preset time;
s2: acquiring surface wind pressure of the heliostat at preset time, converting the surface wind pressure into an actual load applied to the finite element structure, and applying the actual load to the finite element structure to perform structural deformation calculation to acquire mirror surface deformation information of the heliostat;
s3: and extracting the coordinates of the deformation points in the subareas according to the mirror surface deformation information, establishing a heliostat field space coordinate system according to the coordinates of the deformation points, calculating the relation between a reflection line corresponding to the deformation points and a heat absorption area on the heat collection tower by utilizing a vector relation through a pitch angle and an azimuth angle under the heliostat field space coordinate system, and acquiring the light condensation efficiency caused by wind load when the heliostat is in preset time.
Preferably, step S1 includes:
s11: introducing an equatorial coordinate system and a horizon coordinate system;
s12: by the formula
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Calculating declination angle
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Wherein n represents a preset date in the year;
s13: by the formula
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Calculating when the sun is presetFirst azimuth angle with respect to the earth at time
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
And by formula
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Calculating the altitude angle of the sun relative to the earth at a preset time
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Wherein
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Representing the geographical latitude at a preset location,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
representing the angle of time
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
，
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Indicating the time of day.
Preferably, step S1 further includes:
s14: establishing a space coordinate system which takes the bottom of a heat absorption tower as an origin of coordinate axes, the height direction of the heat absorption tower as a Z axis and the ground plane of the heliostat as an X-Y plane;
s15: determining the central position of the heat absorption tower as the point A (0, 0, Z) in the space coordinate systemA) Determining a P point (X) of a predetermined heliostat in a heliostat field whose center is an X-Y planeP,YP0), unit vector of incident solar ray at point P of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
And unit vector of reflected ray from P to A
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Respectively by formula
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
And
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
calculating;
s16: in that
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012A
And
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013A
in the plane of the drawing there is shown,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is a normal vector of the mirror surface,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012AA
、
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013AA
and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018A
the included angle is
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Then can obtain
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
，
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
，
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
，
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
The pitch angle of the normal vector of the mirror surface at the preset position of the heliostat at the preset time,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
a second azimuth angle of the normal vector of the mirror surface at the preset position of the heliostat at the preset time.
Preferably, step S2 includes:
s21: establishing a calculation model of the heliostat;
s22: creating a watershed computing grid around the heliostat according to the computing model;
s23: calculating and acquiring mirror surface wind pressure through computational fluid dynamics under a computational grid;
s24: extracting the wind pressure values of the mirror surface control points, selecting a first preset number of extraction points in each wind load control area, and finally calculating the wind pressure value of the control point according to the wind pressure average value of the first preset number of points;
s25: and applying the calculated wind pressure value editing ANSYS command at the corresponding moment to the heliostat finite element model to perform structural deformation calculation to obtain the mirror surface deformation information of the heliostat.
Preferably, in step S2, the surface wind pressure of the heliostat at a preset time is obtained through a CFD calculation software ANSYS-Fluent simulation, the surface wind pressure is converted into an actual load applied to the finite element structure, and the actual load is written into an ANSYS command and applied to the finite element structure to perform structural deformation calculation to obtain the mirror deformation information of the heliostat.
Preferably, step S3 includes:
s31: dividing the single mirror surface into a plurality of preset areas with the control point as the center;
s32: extracting the coordinate values of the preset area after the first preset number of end points are deformed by Ansys calculation, and utilizing
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Three end points forming a plane N1From the coordinates of the three end points, N can be derived1Normal vector of plane
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
；
S33: in N1Selecting a second preset number of deformation points in the area, wherein each point shares N1Vector of plane normal
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033A
And calculating the relation between the reflection line corresponding to each deformation point and a heat absorption area on the heat collection tower by utilizing a vector relation through a pitch angle and an azimuth angle in a heliostat field coordinate system.
Preferably, step S3 further includes:
s34: according to the reflection principle, the reflection coefficient can be in N1Selected points within a region
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
And incident light
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
By the formula
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
、
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Calculating the vector of the reflected light
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
And calculating a reflected light equation and calculating the number of points on the light loss receiving area, and calculating the effective reflecting surface of the mirror surface of the area through the number of points on the area surface to finally obtain the light condensation efficiency.
Preferably, S32: extracting the coordinate values of the deformed four endpoints of the preset area by Ansys calculation, wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Three end points forming a plane N1From the coordinates of the three end points, N can be derived1Normal vector of plane
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033AA
。
Preferably, S24: extracting the wind pressure value of the mirror control point, selecting 4 extraction points in each wind load control area, and finally calculating the wind pressure value of the control point according to the wind pressure mean value of the 4 extraction points
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Wherein
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Corresponds to the first
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
The mirror is
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Arrange first
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
And (4) a control point.
Preferably, the vector is passed in step S34
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Calculating the equation of the reflected ray
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Calculating the number of points on the receiving region by calculating the light loss, and calculating the effective reflection area of the mirror surface in the region by point number
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
By the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
Calculating the reflection area
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
By the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
Calculating the light condensing efficiency, wherein
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
Is the area of the mirror surface in the region,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
the total number of points in the area is,
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
to reflect the number of points of the light in the receiving area,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
the light condensing efficiency.
The heliostat condensing efficiency evaluation method under the wind load effect can solve the problem that structural deformation caused by wind load in the existing evaluation method needs to evaluate condensing efficiency, is not limited to verification evaluation after a heliostat field is built, can carry out calculation based on local meteorological data for priori evaluation, carries out evaluation before the heliostat field is built, can obtain the surface deformation information of the heliostat under the wind load effect by arranging a displacement sensor on the surface of the heliostat after the heliostat field is built, can still adopt the method to carry out long-term monitoring on condensing efficiency, and can provide calculation basis for the light and heat power station for evaluating the condensing efficiency of the heliostat in advance and monitoring afterwards.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an equatorial coordinate system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a horizon coordinate system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the heliostat field single mirror elevation and azimuth calculation of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a computational model in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an overall partitioning of a computational grid in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of computational grid heliostat local meshing in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an integral mirror in the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial mirror surface in the global mirror surface in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7, and fig. 8, the method for evaluating the light condensing efficiency of a heliostat under the action of wind load in the present embodiment includes the following steps:
s1: acquiring a pitch angle and a second azimuth angle of the heliostat at preset time through a first azimuth angle and a height angle of the sun relative to the earth at preset time;
s2: acquiring surface wind pressure of the heliostat at preset time, converting the surface wind pressure into an actual load applied to the finite element structure, and applying the actual load to the finite element structure to perform structural deformation calculation to acquire mirror surface deformation information of the heliostat;
s3: and extracting the coordinates of the deformation points in the subareas according to the mirror surface deformation information, establishing a heliostat field space coordinate system according to the coordinates of the deformation points, calculating the relation between a reflection line corresponding to the deformation points and a heat absorption area on the heat collection tower by utilizing a vector relation through a pitch angle and an azimuth angle under the heliostat field space coordinate system, and acquiring the light condensation efficiency caused by wind load when the heliostat is in preset time.
The heliostat condensing efficiency evaluation method under the wind load effect can solve the problem that structural deformation caused by wind load in the existing evaluation method is required for condensing efficiency evaluation, the evaluation method is not limited to verification evaluation after a heliostat field is built, calculation can be carried out on the basis of local meteorological data for priori evaluation before the heliostat field is built, after the heliostat field is built, a displacement sensor is arranged on the surface of the heliostat, after the surface deformation information of the heliostat under the wind load effect is obtained, long-term condensation efficiency monitoring can still be carried out by adopting the method, and calculation basis of heliostat condensing efficiency pre-evaluation and post-monitoring can be provided for a photo-thermal power station.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, step S1 includes:
s11: introducing an equatorial coordinate system and a horizon coordinate system;
s12: by the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001A
Calculating declination angle
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002A
Wherein n represents a preset date in the year, and n represents the day of the year when counted by taking 1 month and 1 day as a starting point, and 2019 is taken as an example: spring minutes n = 80; summer solstice n = 172; autumn divided day n = 266; winter solstice day n = 356;
s13: by the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003A
Calculating a first azimuth angle of the sun relative to the earth at a preset time
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004A
And by formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005A
Calculating the altitude angle of the sun relative to the earth at a preset time
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006A
Wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007A
Representing the geographical latitude at a preset location,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008A
representing the angle of time
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010A
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011A
The time is shown and corresponds to 24 hours.
Referring to fig. 3, step S1 further includes:
s14: establishing a space coordinate system which takes the bottom of a heat absorption tower as an origin of coordinate axes, the height direction of the heat absorption tower as a Z axis and the ground plane of the heliostat as an X-Y plane;
s15: determining the central position of the heat absorption tower as the point A (0, 0, Z) in the space coordinate systemA) Determining a P point (X) of a predetermined heliostat in a heliostat field whose center is an X-Y planeP,YP0), unit vector of incident solar ray at point P of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012AAA
And unit vector of reflected ray from P to A
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013AAA
Respectively by formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE015A
And
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017A
calculating;
s16: in that
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012AAAA
And
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013AAAA
in the plane of the drawing there is shown,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018AA
is a normal vector of the mirror surface,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012AAAAA
、
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013AAAAA
and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018AAA
the included angle is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019A
Then can obtain
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021A
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023A
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025A
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026A
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028A
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE029A
Wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030A
The pitch angle of the normal vector of the mirror surface at the preset position of the heliostat at the preset time,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031A
a second azimuth angle of the normal vector of the mirror surface at the preset position of the heliostat at the preset time.
Referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, step S2 includes:
s21: establishing a calculation model of the heliostat;
s22: creating a watershed computing grid around the heliostat according to the computing model;
s23: calculating and acquiring mirror surface wind pressure through computational fluid dynamics under a computational grid;
s24: extracting the wind pressure values of the mirror control points, selecting a first preset number of extraction points in each wind load control area, and finally calculating the wind pressure value of the control point according to the wind pressure average value of the first preset number of extraction points;
s25: and applying the calculated wind pressure value editing ANSYS command at the corresponding moment to the heliostat finite element model to perform structural deformation calculation to obtain the mirror surface deformation information of the heliostat.
In step S2, surface wind pressure of the heliostat at a preset time is obtained through CFD calculation software ANSYS-Fluent simulation, the surface wind pressure is converted into an actual load applied to the finite element structure, and the actual load is compiled into an ANSYS command and applied to the finite element structure to perform structural deformation calculation to obtain mirror surface deformation information of the heliostat.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, step S3 includes:
s31: dividing a single mirror into a plurality of preset areas with a control point as the center, such as a whole partition area diagram in FIG. 7, and dividing the whole mirror into a plurality of areas, such as a simulation area of A11 in FIG. 8;
s32: extracting the coordinate values of the preset area after the first preset number of end points are deformed by Ansys calculation, and utilizing
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032A
Three end points forming a plane N1From the coordinates of the three end points, N can be derived1Normal vector of plane
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033AAA
；
S33: in N1Selecting a second preset number of deformation points in the region, wherein the second preset number is large enough to improve the precision, and the points share the normal vector
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033AAAA
And calculating the relation between the reflection line corresponding to each deformation point and a heat absorption area on the heat collection tower by utilizing a vector relation through a pitch angle and an azimuth angle in a heliostat field coordinate system.
Step S3 further includes:
s34: according to the reflection principle, the reflection coefficient can be in N1Selected points within a region
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035A
And incident light
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036A
By the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037A
、
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE038A
Calculating the vector of the reflected light
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039A
And calculating a reflected light equation and calculating the number of points on the light loss receiving area, and calculating the effective reflecting surface of the mirror surface of the area through the number of points on the area surface to finally obtain the light condensation efficiency.
S32: extracting the coordinate values of the deformed four endpoints of the preset area by Ansys calculation, wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE040A
Three end points forming a plane N1From the coordinates of the three end points, N can be derived1Normal vector of plane
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033AAAAA
。
S24: extracting the wind pressure value of the mirror control point, selecting 4 extraction points in each wind load control area in order to reduce the error, and finally calculating the wind pressure value of the control point according to the wind pressure mean value of the 4 extraction points
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041A
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042A
Wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043A
Corresponds to the first
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044A
The mirror is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE045A
Arrange first
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046A
And (4) a control point.
Passing the vector in step S34
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE047A
Calculating the equation of the reflected ray
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048A
Calculating the number of points on the receiving region by calculating the light loss, and calculating the effective reflection area of the mirror surface in the region by point number
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049A
By the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050A
Calculating the reflection area
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051A
By the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE052A
Calculating the light condensing efficiency, wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE053A
Is the area of the mirror surface in the region,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE054A
the total number of points in the area is,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE055A
to reflect the number of points of the light in the receiving area,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE056A
the light condensing efficiency. The plane formed by the three endpoints is used by calculating the mirror surface by partitioning and taking the deformation coordinates of the endpoints of the partitions as the calculation reference. The method avoids the artificial consideration of the mirror surface deformation into the curved surface bending deformation in the heliostat deformation represented by the integral node curved surface reconstructionAnd the defects that only the endpoint coordinates of each partition mirror surface are changed by wind load in the calculation process, and the partition mirror surface keeps the flatness in the calculation process.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1.一种风荷载作用下定日镜聚光效率评估方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1. a heliostat concentrating efficiency evaluation method under the action of wind load, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1：通过太阳在预设时间时相对地球的第一方位角和相对地球的高度角获取定日镜在预设时间的俯仰角和第二方位角；S1: Obtain the pitch angle and the second azimuth angle of the heliostat at the preset time through the first azimuth angle of the sun relative to the earth and the altitude angle relative to the earth at the preset time; S2：获取预设时间时定日镜的表面风压并将表面风压转换成施加到有限元结构的实际荷载，将实际荷载施加到有限元结构上进行结构变形计算获取定日镜的镜面变形信息；S2: Obtain the surface wind pressure of the heliostat at the preset time and convert the surface wind pressure into the actual load applied to the finite element structure, and apply the actual load to the finite element structure to calculate the structural deformation to obtain the mirror deformation of the heliostat information; S3：根据镜面变形信息提取分区内的变形点坐标，根据变形点坐标建立定日镜镜场空间坐标系，在定日镜镜场空间坐标系下通过俯仰角和方位角利用矢量关系计算出变形点对应的反射关线与集热塔上的吸热区域的关系并获取定日镜预设时间时风载造成的聚光效率；S3: Extract the coordinates of the deformation points in the partition according to the mirror surface deformation information, establish the space coordinate system of the heliostat mirror field according to the coordinates of the deformation points, and calculate the deformation using the vector relationship through the pitch angle and the azimuth angle in the space coordinate system of the heliostat mirror field. The relationship between the reflection cutoff line corresponding to the point and the heat absorption area on the heat collecting tower and the light gathering efficiency caused by the wind load at the preset time of the heliostat are obtained; 步骤S1中包括：Step S1 includes: S11：引入赤道坐标系和地平坐标系；S11: Introduce the equatorial coordinate system and the horizon coordinate system; S12：通过公式
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
计算赤纬角
Figure 737495DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，其中n表示一年当中的预设日期；S12: By formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Calculate the declination angle
Figure 737495DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, where n represents the preset date of the year; S13：通过公式
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
计算太阳在预设时间时相对地球的第一方位角
Figure 454915DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
和通过公式
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
计算太阳在预设时间时相对地球的高度角
Figure 302655DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
，其中
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
表示预设位置处地理纬度，
Figure 54710DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
表示时角
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
，
Figure 58264DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
表示时刻；S13: Pass the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Calculate the first azimuth of the sun relative to the earth at a preset time
Figure 454915DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
and by formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Calculate the altitude of the sun relative to the earth at a preset time
Figure 302655DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,in
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Indicates the geographic latitude at the preset location,
Figure 54710DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Indicates the hour angle
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
,
Figure 58264DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
to indicate the moment; 步骤S1中还包括：Step S1 also includes: S14：建立以吸热塔底部为坐标轴原点、吸热塔高度方向为Z轴、定日镜所在地平面为X-Y平面的空间坐标系；S14: Establish a spatial coordinate system with the bottom of the heat absorbing tower as the origin of the coordinate axis, the height direction of the heat absorbing tower as the Z axis, and the plane where the heliostat is located as the X-Y plane; S15：确定吸热塔的中心位置为空间坐标系中的A点（0，0，ZA），确定定日镜场中预设定日镜的中心为X-Y平面的P点(XP,YP,0)，P点的太阳入射光线单位矢量为
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
和反射光线从P到A的单位矢量
Figure 262980DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
分别通过公式
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
和
Figure 648831DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
计算；S15: Determine the center position of the heat absorption tower as point A (0, 0, Z A ) in the space coordinate system, and determine the center of the preset heliostat in the heliostat field as point P (X P , Y on the XY plane) P ,0), the unit vector of incident sun rays at point P is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
and the unit vector of reflected rays from P to A
Figure 262980DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
respectively through the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
and
Figure 648831DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
calculate; S16：在
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
和
Figure 255393DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
所表示的平面中，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
为镜面法向量，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
、
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
和
Figure 638970DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
所围成的夹角为
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
，则可以得到
Figure 580250DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
，
Figure 520524DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
，
Figure 699701DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
，其中
Figure 67229DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
为定日镜在预设时间时预设位置处镜面法矢的俯仰角，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
为定日镜在预设时间时预设位置处镜面法矢的第二方位角；S16: in
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
and
Figure 255393DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
In the plane represented,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
is the specular normal vector,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
and
Figure 638970DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
The included angle is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
, you can get
Figure 580250DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
,
Figure 520524DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
,
Figure 699701DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
,in
Figure 67229DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
is the pitch angle of the mirror normal vector at the preset position of the heliostat at the preset time,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
is the second azimuth angle of the mirror normal vector at the preset position of the heliostat at the preset time; 步骤S3中包括：Step S3 includes: S31：将单个镜面分成多个以控制点为中心的预设区域；S31: Divide a single mirror surface into multiple preset areas centered on the control point; S32：通过Ansys计算提取预设区域第一预设数量的端点变形后的坐标值，利用
Figure 495805DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
三个端点构成平面N1，通过三个端点坐标可以得出N1面的法矢量
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
；S32: Calculate and extract the deformed coordinate values of the first preset number of endpoints in the preset area through Ansys, and use
Figure 495805DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
The three endpoints form a plane N 1 , and the normal vector of the N 1 surface can be obtained through the coordinates of the three endpoints
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
; S33：在N1区域内选取第二预设数量的变形点，各点共用N1面法矢量
Figure 974191DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
，在定日镜镜场坐标系通过俯仰角和方位角利用矢量关系计算出各变形点对应的反射关线与集热塔上的吸热区域的关系；S33: Select a second preset number of deformation points in the N1 area, and each point shares the N1 surface normal vector
Figure 974191DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
, in the coordinate system of the heliostat mirror field, the relationship between the reflection off-line corresponding to each deformation point and the heat absorption area on the heat collecting tower is calculated by using the vector relationship through the pitch angle and the azimuth angle; 步骤S2包括：Step S2 includes: S21：建立定日镜的计算模型；S21: establish a calculation model of the heliostat; S22：根据计算模型创建定日镜周围流域计算网格；S22: Create a watershed calculation grid around the heliostat according to the calculation model; S23：在计算网格下通过计算流体动力学计算获取镜面风压；S23: Obtain specular wind pressure through computational fluid dynamics calculation under the computational grid; S24：提取镜面控制点的风压值，每个风载控制区域选取第一预设数量的提取点，最后以该第一预设数量的提取点的风压均值计算出控制点的风压值；S24: Extract the wind pressure value of the mirror control point, select a first preset number of extraction points for each wind load control area, and finally calculate the wind pressure value of the control point based on the average wind pressure of the first preset number of extraction points ; S25：将算出对应时刻的风压值编辑ANSYS命令施加到定日镜有限元模型上进行结构变形计算获取定日镜的镜面变形信息；S25: Edit the ANSYS command to calculate the wind pressure value at the corresponding moment and apply it to the finite element model of the heliostat to calculate the structural deformation to obtain the mirror surface deformation information of the heliostat; S24：提取镜面控制点的风压值，每个风载控制区域选取4个提取点，最后以该4个提取点的风压均值计算出控制点风压值
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
，
Figure 70192DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
，其中
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
对应第
Figure 608620DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
面镜子第
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
排第
Figure 275225DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
个控制点。S24: Extract the wind pressure value of the mirror control point, select 4 extraction points for each wind load control area, and finally calculate the wind pressure value of the control point based on the average wind pressure of the 4 extraction points
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
,
Figure 70192DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
,in
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
corresponding to the first
Figure 608620DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
the mirror
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
ranked
Figure 275225DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
a control point. 2.如权利要求1所述的一种风荷载作用下定日镜聚光效率评估方法，其特征在于：步骤S2中通过CFD计算软件ANSYS-Fluent模拟获取预设时间时定日镜的表面风压并将表面风压转换成施加到有限元结构的实际荷载，将实际荷载编写成ANSYS命令施加到有限元结构上进行结构变形计算获取定日镜的镜面变形信息。2. the method for evaluating the concentrating efficiency of heliostats under a kind of wind load as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S2, the surface wind pressure of heliostats when obtaining preset time by CFD calculation software ANSYS-Fluent simulation The surface wind pressure is converted into the actual load applied to the finite element structure, and the actual load is written as an ANSYS command and applied to the finite element structure for structural deformation calculation to obtain the mirror deformation information of the heliostat. 3.如权利要求1所述的一种风荷载作用下定日镜聚光效率评估方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中还包括：3. the method for evaluating the concentrating efficiency of heliostats under a kind of wind load as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises in step S3: S34：根据反射原理可以将在N1区域内选取的点
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
和入射光线
Figure 806569DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
通过公式
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
、
Figure 507809DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
计算出反射光线的矢量
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
，并计算出反射光线方程和计算光损失以接收区域上点的数目，通过区域面上的点数折算出该区域镜面的有效反射面，最后得到聚光效率。S34: According to the reflection principle, the points selected in the N1 area can be
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
and incident light
Figure 806569DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
by formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
,
Figure 507809DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
Calculate the vector of reflected rays
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
, and calculate the reflected light equation and calculate the light loss to receive the number of points on the area, and calculate the effective reflection surface of the mirror in the area by the number of points on the area surface, and finally get the light-gathering efficiency. 4.如权利要求1所述的一种风荷载作用下定日镜聚光效率评估方法，其特征在于：S32：通过Ansys计算提取预设区域四个端点变形后的坐标值，其中
Figure 737845DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
三个端点构成平面N1，通过三个端点坐标可以得出N1面的法矢量
Figure 157325DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
。4. the method for evaluating the concentrating efficiency of heliostats under a wind load as claimed in claim 1, wherein: S32: calculate and extract the deformed coordinate values of the four endpoints of the preset area by Ansys, wherein
Figure 737845DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
The three endpoints form a plane N 1 , and the normal vector of the N 1 surface can be obtained through the coordinates of the three endpoints
Figure 157325DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
. 5.如权利要求3所述的一种风荷载作用下定日镜聚光效率评估方法，其特征在于：步骤S34中通过矢量
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
计算出反射光线方程
Figure 243093DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
，再计算光损以接收区域上点的数目，通过点数折算出该区域镜面的有效反射面积
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
，通过公式
Figure 48107DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
计算反射面积
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
，通过公式
Figure 193917DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
计算聚光效率，其中
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
为区域镜面面积，
Figure 835114DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
为区域内总点数，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
为反射光线在接收区域的点数，
Figure 708261DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
为聚光效率。5. The method for evaluating the light-converging efficiency of heliostats under a wind load as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S34, a vector
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Calculate the reflected ray equation
Figure 243093DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
, and then calculate the light loss with the number of points on the receiving area, and calculate the effective reflection area of the mirror in this area by the number of points
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
, by the formula
Figure 48107DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
Calculate the reflection area
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
, by the formula
Figure 193917DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
Calculate the concentration efficiency, where
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
is the mirror area of the region,
Figure 835114DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
is the total number of points in the area,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
is the number of points of the reflected light in the receiving area,
Figure 708261DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
is the concentrating efficiency.
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